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Topic: Raetian language

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	language isolate Information Center - language isolate
		A language isolate is a natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or "genetic") relationship with other living languages; that is, one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common to any other language.
		Language isolates may be seen as a special case of unclassified languages, being languages which remain unclassified even after extensive efforts.
		A language thought to be an isolate may turn out to be relatable to other languages once enough material is recovered, but this is unlikely to occur if a language was not written.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Linguistic_Topics_H_-_M/language_isolate.html (1378 words)

	Wikipedia search result
		Various Indo-European languages belonging to the Italic branch (Faliscan and members of the Sabellian group, including Oscan, Umbrian, and South Picene, and other Indo-European branches such as Venetic and Messapic) originally used the alphabet.
		The "Alphabet of Lugano" was used to record Lepontic inscriptions, among the oldest testimonies of any Celtic language, in use from the 7th to the 5th centuries BC.
		The alphabet of Sondrio, west Raetian and Camunic inscriptions.
	feedbus.com /wikis/wikipedia.php?title=Old_Italic_alphabet (775 words)

	Switzerland Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Raetian language - Raetian was a language spoken in ancient times by the tribes of the Raetians in the areas around the Alps (in Switzerland, Austria, North-Eastern Italy and Southern Germany).
		Phonetic orthography of Zurich language - ZURICH LANGUAGE is an Alemannic Dialect spoken in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland.
		Language Culture and Society - Language Culture and Society Exploring Language Now in its tenth edition, this marketleading language reader continues to feature thoughtprovoking readings that explore the various interconnections between language language culture and society and American society.
	in77.marassirma.com /switzerlandlanguage.html (982 words)

	Indo-European languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Anatolian languages — earliest attested branch, from the 18th century BC; extinct, most notable was the language of the Hittites.
		Tocharian languages — extinct tongues of the Tocharians, extant in two dialects, attested from roughly the 6th century.
		Albanian language — attested from the 15th century (1462); relations with Illyrian, Dacian, or Thracian proposed.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Indo-European_languages (1789 words)

	Indo-European languages - FrathWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Balto-Slavic languages, believed by many Indo-Europeanists to derive from a common proto-language later than Proto-Indo-European, while others are skeptical and think that Baltic and Slavic are no more closely related than any other two branches of Indo-European.
		Raetian language cannot be classified with any certainty.
		Satem languages lost the distinction between labiovelar and pure velar sounds, and at the same time assibilated the palatal velars.
	wiki.frath.net /Indo-European_languages (1446 words)

	Extinct and Dead Languages of Italy
		a centum language (not to be confused with Venetian, the modern dialect, which is a romance language), once spoken in the Veneto region of Italy.
		The language is attested by over 300 short inscriptions dating between the 5th century and 1st century, which use a variety of the Northern Italic alphabet, similar to the Old Italic alphabet.
		Normally this occurs when a language is directly replaced by a different one, for example, Coptic, which was replaced by Arabic, or, in Italy, Etruscan, which was replaced by Latin.
	www.yourguidetoitaly.com /extinct-languages-italy.html (485 words)

	file_nav_name Encyclopedia Index (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Eteocypriot was a language spoken in Iron Age Cyprus.
		Raetian was a language spoken in ancient times by the tribes of the Raetians in the areas around the Alps (in Switzerl...
		Adria is a town in the province of Rovigo in the Veneto region of Northern Italy, situated between the mouths of the...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com.cob-web.org:8888 /topics/etruscan.html (1009 words)

	Indo-European languages - Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred languages and dialects 449 according to the 2005 SIL estimate, about half (219) belonging to the Indo-Aryan sub-branch., including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many spoken in Southwest Asia, Central Asia and South Asia.
		Italic languages, including Latin and its descendants (the Romance languages), attested from the 7th century BC.
		Tocharian languages, extinct tongues of the Tocharians, extant in two dialects, attested from roughly the 6th century.
	www.lumrix.com /help/index.php/Indo-European_languages (2216 words)

	Indo-European languages
		The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred languages and dialects (443 according to the SIL estimate), including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many in Southwest Asia, Central Asia and Southern Asia.
		Indo-European has the largest numbers of speakers of recognised families of languages in the world today, with its languages spoken by approximately 3 billion native speakers (the Sino-Tibetan family of tongues has the second-largest number of speakers).
		The main strength of the farming hypothesis is that it connects the spread of Indo-European languages with an archeologically known event that likely involved major population shifts: the spread of farming; although the validity of basing a linguistics theory on archeological evidence is disputed.
	www.languageexchanges.com /indo_european_languages.html (2131 words)

	liber paganum -- introduction -- On Language Problems
		The recent language that has probably developed most directly from Latin is Raetian, a language spoken in southern Switzerland (it is derived from vulgar Latin, though).
		Since Greek was the language of the educated in the Roman empire since before the times of Augustus, one may also assume that in this time, it was pronounced similarly to Latin, with the same reservations.
		The slavic languages, while by now using differing writing systems (some use Cyrillic, and some Latin-derived systems), are similar in pronunciation -- the description of which we will have to delay for the time being as we are lacking data on this.
	homepage.mac.com /dykow/libpagan/information/languages.html (1805 words)

	Indo-European languages Summary
		Genetically related languages are demonstrably derived from a common ancestor, a "Proto-Language," which, in the case of Indo-European, is thought to have flourished during the fourth–third millennia BCE, before it split up into the daughter languages from which scholars are able to infer its existence.
		Like the Anatolian languages, Tocharian was unknown until the early twentieth century, when between 1908 and 1914 members of European and Japanese expeditions to Chinese Turkestan (modern Xinjiang Uygur) found documents written in a variety of the Indic Brãhmi script and in a hitherto unknown but clearly Indo-European language.
		Old Indian is represented by Vedic, the language of the sacred literature of Brahmanic religion, and Sanskrit, the highly normed and thus to a degree artificial language of classical Indian literature.
	www.bookrags.com /Indo-European_languages (3141 words)

	[No title]
		They put themselves at the head of the movement, which in 1395 led to the union of the Raetian lords, and later to the formation of the Grey League, which was brought about by the communes, most of which had gained a high degree of independence.
		The language spoken in the Cadi is a regional dialect-Sursilvanian-Romansh.
		Well-known men from the Cadi: Plazidus a Spescha (1752-1833) born at Truns, was a Benedictine monk in the monastery at Disentis.
	www.mindspring.com /~philipp/gr_disen.txt (847 words)

	[No title]
		His language to his emperor and adoptive father was deeply respectful and he spoke modestly of himself.
		Instructions were sent to the Raetian auxiliaries to attack the Helvetii in the rear, while their attention was occupied with the legion.
		They found themselves between Caecina and his powerful army on the one side, and on the other the Raetian auxiliaries, both horse and foot, and the whole fighting force of Raetia as well, trained soldiers well used to fighting.[141] Their country was given over to plunder and massacre.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/6/9/2/16927/16927.txt (20757 words)

	The History of Etruria
		Although the Etruscan language is by no means totally decoded, we now know enough to see that many words of Etruscan origin found themselves into Latin and from there into English.
		Those same legions were organised in accordance with Etruscan traditions, responded to the sound of the tuba (from Etruria), built their camps on a North/ South grid, as specified by the Etruscan sacred books, and carried a Standard inscribed with SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus.
		The Northern provenance theory, which bases its evidence on the similarities of Raetian and Etruscan languages has one major flaw, in that the Raetian Alpine inscriptions are much later, and are more consistent with later Etruscan influences, or associated with the scattering of the Northern Etruscans as a result of Celtic incursions.
	www.mysteriousetruscans.com /history.html (2709 words)

	Tacitus' Germania
		Only a few of them use swords or large lances: they carry spears - called frameae in their language - with short and narrow blades, but so sharp and easy to handle that they can be used, as required, either at close quarters or in long-range fighting.
		Their horsemen are content with a shield and a spear; but the foot-soldiers also rain javelins on their foes: each of them carries several, and they hurl them to immense distances, being naked or lightly clad in short cloaks.
		The Cotini and the Osi are not Germans: that is proved by their languages, Celtic in the one case, Pannonian in the other, and also by the fact that they submit to paying tribute.
	oncampus.richmond.edu /~wstevens/history331texts/barbarians.html (10216 words)

	Educational Resources - The Mysterious Etruscans
		Raetian: relating to the Raetian tribe of Southern Germany.
		Although some scholars believe Raetic is intermediate between Celtic and Illyrian (a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken east of the Adriatic Sea), others now believe the language to be non-Indo-European.
		Late Raetian inscriptions, especially those from northern Italy, seem to have been influenced somewhat by Etruscan.
	www.mysteriousetruscans.com /schools.html (2193 words)

	Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Shop
		language spoken by the ancient Raetians in southern Germany and in the Alpine regions of Italy, Austria, and Switzerland in pre-Roman times.
		The language is known from a number of...
		German composer and teacher, greatly celebrated in his lifetime but nearly forgotten in the late 20th century.
	www.britannica.co.uk /britannica_browse/r/r2.html (1762 words)

	Suetonius' Life of Augustus part four
		Raetian was his favourite, but he seldom touched wine between meals; instead, he would moisten his throat with a morsel of bread dunked in cold water; or a slice of cucumber or the heart of a young lettuce; or a sour apple either fresh or dried.
		Augustus' everyday language must have contained many whimsical expressions of his own coinage, to judge from letters in his own handwriting.
		His chief interest in the literature of both languages was the discovery of moral precepts, with suitable anecdotes attached, capable of public or private application; and he would transcribe passages of this sort for the attention of his generals or provincial governors, whenever he thought it necessary.
	www.richmond.edu /~wstevens/history331texts/suetaug3.html (6324 words)

	The Individualist: Indo-European languages
		The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred languages and dialects, including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many in Southwest Asia, Central Asia and Southern Asia.
		Phrygian language: language of ancient Phrygia, possibly close to Greek, Thracian, or Armenian.
		Archaic Proto-Indo-European languages occur in the Balkans, in the Danube valley (Linear Pottery culture), and possibly in the Bug-Dniestr area (Eastern Linear pottery culture).
	www.dadamo.com /wiki/wiki.pl/Indo-European_languages (2192 words)

	Suetonius
		Because of this the rest, including Marcus Favonius, the well-known imitator of Cato, saluted Antonius respectfully as Imperator when they were led out in chains, but lashed Augustus to his face with the foulest abuse.
		Yet he never acquired the ability to speak Greek fluently or to compose anything in it; for if he had occasion to use the language, he wrote what he had to say in Latin and gave it to someone else to translate.
		He continually watched the exercises of the ephebi [Greek youths between the ages of eighteen and that of full manhood, who had regular gymnastic training as a part of their education], of whom there was still a goodly number at Capreae according to the ancient usage.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~kfrost/Suetonius.shtml (13699 words)

	Indo-European_languages LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		The first proposal of the possibility of common origin for some of these languages came from the Dutch linguist and scholar Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn in 1647.
		He discovered the similarity among Indo-European languages, and supposed the existence of a primitive common language which he called "Scythian".
		He excluded languages such as Hebrew from his hypothesis.
	www.school-explorer.com /info/Indo-European_languages (2200 words)

	Northvegr - Commentary To the Germanic Laws and Medieval Documents
		This is borne out by the specific statement in the Raetian laws that the public judges are those who sit in fiscal cases and exact the revenue, (24) where the corresponding Interpretatio speaks of "exactores." They also attend to criminal cases, (25) even of churchmen.
		(29) If we now turn to the first of the two passages in the Raetian laws, we find that it is not permissible to pay the fretum to the junior judge, because the iudex publicus, with whom the "principale negotium" lies, is alone entitled to collect the fretum.
		While all the languages have derivatives from this red- distinctly referring to the postroads, the Gothic has no other meaning for this group than that of the current substitute for the supply of posthorses by the apparatus or parata, (43) which, however, the other languages also record.
	www.northvegr.org /lore/germaniclaw/007_01.php (3262 words)

	Indo-European languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred related languages and dialects
		, including most of the major languages of Europe, the Americas as well as many spoken in the Indian subcontinent (South Asia), the Iranian plateau (Southwest Asia), and Central Asia.
		, suggesting that Armenian stayed in the Indo-European cradle while other Indo-European languages left the homeland and migrated on a route that led them along the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea to the steppe north of the Black Sea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indo-european_language_family (2232 words)

	The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Histories (Vol II), by Tacitus, translated by W. Hamilton Fyfe.
		Most of the generals had then taken an ambiguous line, intending to interpret their language in the light of subsequent events.
		Composed as the army was of citizens, allies, and foreign troops, differing widely in language and customs, the objects of the soldiers' greed differed also.
		Being little accustomed to control his tongue or to obey orders, he was most unguarded in his conversation and composed a letter to Vespasian in presumptuous language which ill befitted a subject, making various covert charges against Mucianus.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/6/9/2/16927/16927-h/ii.html (14682 words)

	Tacitus - Germania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		"The various peoples of Germany are separated from the Gauls by the Rhine, from the Raetians and Pannonians by the Danube, and from the Sarmatians and Dacians by mountains - or, where there are no mountains, by mutual fear.
		The Rhine rises in a remote and precipitous height of the Raetian alps and afterwards turns slightly westward to flow into the North Sea.
		The Danube issues from a gentle slope of moderate height in the Black Forest, and after passing more peoples than the Rhine in its course discharges itself into the Black Sea through six channels - a seventh mouth being lost in the marshlands.
	www.unrv.com /tacitus/tacitusgermania.php (674 words)

	Raetian Tales 1: A Wind from the South by Diane Duane (Book) in Science Fiction & Fantasy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Raetian Tales 1: A Wind from the South by Diane Duane (Book) in Science Fiction & Fantasy
		Raetian Tales 1: A Wind from the South
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	www.lulu.com /content/386161 (225 words)

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