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Topic: Rafael Carrera

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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Rafael Carrera
		The last is certainly not true, since it was Carrera who, in the end, brought order into the bloody chaos in which political factions had plunged Guatemala for decades.
		Carrera abandoned the military career for the time and became a humble swineherd.
		In 1847 Carrera was, by a kind of election, made President of Guatemala, and seven years later he became dictator, that is, president for life with the right to designate his successor.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03378a.htm (680 words)

	Carrera
		Carrera and a few men would stop a peasant outside a town, drop the "information" that they were bringing on a body of a hundred or so fighters, and warn the people that they would be harsh on any who helped the local garrison.
		Carrera assembled his own forces, which were no longer trivial in size; but he acted on the guerrillero's need to avoid getting trapped on the defensive.
		Carrera rushed to the area by forced marches, had the entire city council shot without trial, and imposed ransoms even on local conservatives who so much as tried to mediate.
	www.sonic.net /~buscador/Carrera.htm (2412 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Alberti Rafael
		Alberti, Rafael (1902-1999), Spanish poet, whose first training as an artist is reflected in A la pintura (On Painting, 1948), a brilliant attempt...
		A brilliant generation of poets, known as The Generation of 1927, flourished during the late 1920s and the 1930s.
		Carrera, (José) Rafael (1814-1865), Guatemalan revolutionary, military dictator, and president of Guatemala (1850-1853, and 1851-1865), born in...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Alberti_Rafael.html (108 words)

	AllRefer.com - Rafael Carrera (Guatemalan History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Rafael Carrera[rAfAel´] Pronunciation Key, 1814–65, president of Guatemala, a caudillo.
		Illiterate and of mixed blood, he received unquestioned support from the indigenous population; a conservative devoted to the church, he recalled the Jesuits and restored the power of the church in the state.
		Until his death Carrera dominated Guatemala and was the most powerful figure in Central America, intervening to strengthen, restore, or install conservative governments in the other Central American countries.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/CarreraR.html (216 words)

	A short history of Guatemala
		Rafael Carrera leads the Guatemalan peasants in a successful guerrilla war.
		After Carrera's death the liberals seize power in 1871, bringing Justo Rufino Barrios to be the dictator.
		The FRG is defeated at the 2003 elections and this brings in 2004 Óscar José Rafael Berger Perdomo of the Gran Alianza Nacional (Grand National Alliance, GANA) into the presidency.
	www.electionworld.org /history/guatemala.htm (928 words)

	Rafael Carrera -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Carrera was born of white and Indian stock, had no formal education, and remained illiterate all his life.
		Bohemian-born Swiss conductor and composer Rafael Kubelík was known for his powerful and invigorating interpretations, especially of the music of composers from his homeland.
		From 1930, when Gen. Rafael Trujillo Molina helped seize control of the country in a military revolt, until his assassination, he was the absolute ruler of a police state.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9020493 (554 words)

	Carrera, Rafael on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		CARRERA, RAFAEL [Carrera, Rafael], 1814-65, president of Guatemala, a caudillo.
		Hoy prepara varios libros en torno a la prolongada y exitosa carrera teatral de su fallecido esposo.(TT: Fela Fábregas: businesswoman of the year; in 1987, when Manolo Fábregas fell ill, she took over management of the family's four theaters and demonstrated her business acumen in the process.
		En los veinticinco anos de Juego de damas de Rafael Humberto Moreno Duran: la autocritica de una generacion.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/CarreraR1.asp (305 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Rafael Leónidas ...
		Located in a coastal desert region, it is the...
		Trujillo Molina, Rafael Leónidas (1891-1961), dictator who controlled the Dominican Republic for more than 30 years.
		The outstanding political development of the subsequent period was the dictatorship established by General Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=Rafael+Le%C3%B3nidas+... (129 words)

	MSN Encarta - Multimedia - José Rafael Carrera
		MSN Encarta - Multimedia - José Rafael Carrera
		Guatemalan revolutionary and dictator Rafael Carrera helped Guatemala gain independence from the United Provinces of Central America in 1840.
		With the support of conservative landowners and clergy, he ruled as dictator for 25 years.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461531716/Jos%C3%A9_Rafael_Carrera.html (42 words)

	Marcus Garvey - Rafael Carrera - Great People of Color
		RAFAEL CARRERA, dictator of five Central American republics and first President of Guatemala, is an amazing figure among the founders of the republics of the New World.
		Whereas all the others fought for progress and greater freedom for the masses, he upheld the opposite.
		Finally, any appraisal of Carrera must take into consideration the rape of his wife by members of the opposing force.
	www.marcusgarvey.com /wmview.php?ArtID=503 (794 words)

	Central American Federation
		Political and personal rivalries between liberals and conservatives, poor communication, and the fear of the hegemony of one state over another led to dissolution (1838) of the congress and the defeat (1839) of Morazán's forces by Rafael
		In 1842, Morazán made an abortive attempt to reestablish the federation from Costa Rica.
		Rafael Carrera - Carrera, Rafael, 1814–65, president of Guatemala, a caudillo.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0811095.html (289 words)

	ipedia.com: President of Guatemala Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1851, when that title was assumed by José Rafael Carrera, who had been acting as head of government as general and...
		The President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1851, when that title was assumed by José Rafael Carrera, who had been acting as head of government as general and Caudillo since 1840.
		In the presidential election of 9 November 2003, no candidate succeeded in securing a majority of votes; top vote getters Óscar Berger and Álvaro Colom faced each other in a run-off election on 28 December, with Berger winning 54% of the vote.
	www.ipedia.com /president_of_guatemala.html (260 words)

	Elections: Latin American Studies: Collections: SSHL
		Taplin 1972: Barrios "beseiged in San Salvador by Rafael Carrera of Guatemala, escaped, fled the country,...extradited from Nicaragua, executed by the Dueñas government, August 29, 1865" (page 101).
		Haggerty 1990: "(Valle) was replaced less than a year after his election by Rafael Zaldívar, who was more to the liking of the Guatemalan dictator Justo Rufino Barrios.
		Munro 1967: "Andrés Valle became involved in another war with Gautemala, arising from an intervention by both states in the internal affairs of Honduras, and was replaced by Rafael Zaldívar, one of the leading followers of the former president Dueñas" (page 102).
	sshl.ucsd.edu /collections/las/elsalvador/1860.html (1160 words)

	Carrera, Rafael - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		Carrera, Rafael - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK or LOGIN
		Carrera, Rafael, 1814-65, president of Guatemala, a caudillo.
		Except as otherwise permitted by written agreement, the following are prohibited: copying substantial portions or the entirety of the work in machine readable form, making multiple printouts thereof, and other uses of the work inconsistent with U.S. and applicable foreign copyright and related laws.
	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=CarreraR (240 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Guatemala, 1838-1871
		A military revolt resulting in the seizure of power by RAFAEL CARRERA in 1838 caused the disintegration of the United Provinces of Central America; Carrera dominated Guatemalan politics until 1865.
		In 1859 he failed in his attempt to gain a treaty with Britain regarding BRITISH HONDURAS, similar to the Mosquito Coast treaty signed by Nicaragua and Britain.
		Carrera ruled as a dictator; he defended Guatemalan independence against Mexican attempts to annex it and interfered in the affairs of neighbouring republics, on behalf of conservative politicians (esp. in Honduras).
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/centramerica/guatemala183871.html (176 words)

	The Monitor - McAllen, Texas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He is survived by his wife, Graciela R. Carrera; his children, Marcelo O. Carrera (Norma), Odilia Carrera, Rosie C. Garza (David), Gracie C. Olivarez (Javier), Roberto Carrera Jr.
		He is also survived by his siblings, Inez C. Hinojosa (Raul+), Estela C. Canales (Victor), Maria Elena Gutierrez (Luis), Ruben Carrera (Rachel), Rafael Carrera (San Juanita), and Elia Cruz (Javier).
		He is preceded in death by his father, Marcelo Carrera; mother, Odilia Garza Carrera; twin brother, Rodolfo Carrera; and brother, Reynaldo Carrera.
	www.themonitor.com /SiteProcessor.cfm?Template=/GlobalTemplates/Details.cfm&StoryID=6274&Section=Obituaries (800 words)

	Chile Travel Itineraries
		Chilean Patagonia begins at Chaiten (approximately 1,300 kms south of Santiago) and runs south to Punta Arenas (3,090 kms south of Santiago), beyond which is Tierra del Fuego - the southern tip of the continent.
		Located about 250 - 300 kms south of Coyhaique "Lago General Carrera" runs west to east for a length of around 160 kms between Chile and Argentina.
		What to See: The park covers an area of 1,742,000 hectares and includes the Glacier San Rafael which, as it slowly recedes, breaks off into huge icebergs that float in the San Rafael Lagoon.
	www.chile-travel.org /area.php?id=patagonia (867 words)

	Find in a Library: Rafael Carrera and the emergence of the Republic of Guatemala, 1821-1871
		Find in a Library: Rafael Carrera and the emergence of the Republic of Guatemala, 1821-1871
		Rafael Carrera and the emergence of the Republic of Guatemala, 1821-1871
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/6b962464068ef261a19afeb4da09e526.html (69 words)

	Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.2, Entry 127, GUATEMALA: Library of Economics and Liberty
		In fact, the five states had already separate governments.
		Morazan's two defeats, in 1839 and 1842, and his death in the latter year, destroyed the last traces of federalism and left the field free to the champion of separatism, a creole, Don Rafael Carréra.
		He gave himself out as the armed representative of democracy.
	www.econlib.org /LIBRARY/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy518.html (982 words)

	Jorge Ubico -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Following independence from Spain (1821) and Mexico (1823), Guatemala was the political centre of the United Provinces of Central America.
		The principal factor in the collapse of the federation was the backcountry uprising in Guatemala led by Rafael Carrera, who established himself as the military arbiter of the state (1838) and, from the executive's chair or from behind...
		Ecuadorean novelist and playwright whose brutally realistic portrayals of the exploitation of his country's Indians brought him international recognition as a spokesman for the oppressed.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9074066 (637 words)

	WHKMLA : History of El Salvador, 1838-1870
		The UNITED PROVINCES OF CENTRAL AMERICA disintegrated in 1838/42 in a fight between the liberals under President MORAZAN and a conservative uprising under Guatemalan President RAFAEL CARRERA.
		El Salvador, a bastion of liberalism, was on the losing side - Carrera established his conservative dictatorship over Guatemala.
		The tiny Republic of El Salvador went through frequent political changes, administrations being extremely short-lived.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/centramerica/elsalvador183870.html (125 words)

	Guatemala on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		After the federation collapsed, Guatemala became a separate nation (1839).
		Guatemalan interference in the affairs of other Central American republics during the 19th and early 20th cent., under the conservative dictatorships of Rafael Carrera and Manuel Estrada Cabrera and under the liberal, Justo Ruffino Barrios, caused intense hostility and finally led to the Washington Conference of 1907, which established the Central American Court of Justice.
		Jorge Ubico became president in 1931, and his tenure was marked by repressive rule and an improvement in the nation's finances.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/Guatemal_History.asp (2312 words)

	Curriculum Vitae Ralph Lee Woodward, Jr.
		Studies published in 1993 and 1994, for Rafael Carrera and the Emergence of the Republic of Guatemala, 1821-
		1993a Rafael Carrera and the Emergence of the Republic of Guatemala, 1821-1871.
		1992d "Rafael Carrera and the Indian in Guatemala, 1837-1873," Ethnicity and Power in Mexico and Guatemala.
	www.datasync.com /~woodward/cv.htm (3755 words)

	AddALL.com - Rafael Carrera and the Emergence of the Republic of Guatemala, 1821-1871
		AddALL.com - Rafael Carrera and the Emergence of the Republic of Guatemala, 1821-1871
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	www.addall.com /detail/082031448X.html (80 words)

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