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Topic: Rafael Cortijo

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	Artists - Cortijo, Rafael - Music of Puerto Rico
		Cortijo was born in Santurce, Puerto Rico, on 11 December 1928.
		Cortijo then organized a new orchestra called Bonche and debuted with them on Sorongo, which included his daughter, Fé Cortijo, as one of the vocalists, despite her weak voice.
		Cortijo died of pancreatic cancer at the age of 54, on 3 October 1982.
	www.musicofpuertorico.com /index.php/artists/rafael_cortijo (1130 words)

	Rafael Cortijo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rafael Cortijo (January 11, 1928 – October 3, 1982), was a Puerto Rican musician, orquestra leader and composer.
		Cortijo was instrumental in making sure his new musical group had trumpets and saxofones as well.
		Cortijo became broke after this; the problems that he and Rivera faced took a toll on Cortijo's economy, and he and Rivera were not seen with good eyes by many Puerto Ricans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rafael_Cortijo (464 words)

	Rafael Cortijo -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Rafael Cortijo (January 11, 1928 – October 3, 1982), was a (A resident of Puerto Rico) Puerto Rican musician, orquestra leader and composer.
		Cortijo was instrumental in making sure his new musical group had (A brass musical instrument with a brilliant tone; has a narrow tube and a flared bell and is played by means of valves) trumpets and saxofones as well.
		Rafael Cortijo became well known across (The parts of North and South America south of the United States where Romance languages are spoken) Latin America.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ra/rafael_cortijo.htm (657 words)

	Salsa Magazine - MAELO - Salsa-magazine, Salsa Roots and Memorabilia
		Cortijo y Su Combo con Ismael Rivera became the first all-fl band to be featured regularly on television and radio, “El Show de Medio Dia,” and “La Taberna India.” Their front line and brass section danced and jibed to the native Island rhythms infused with brassy, jazzy lines and commercial instrumentation.
		Cortijo incorporated Cuban montuno lines on the piano with jazz licks on the brass over the indigenous bomba rhythms of the Island.
		He and Cortijo took the music of the slaves of Puerto Rico, the bomba, the music with roots in the Congo that was once banned from the Island because it caused uprisings and made it a commercial hit in the New World.
	www.salsamagazine.com /generic58.html (3269 words)

	Latin Beat Magazine: Rafael Cortijo Verdejo - músico puertorriqueño - TA: Puerto Rican musician (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		As befits a hero, Rafael Cortijo was admired for his qualities as a creative musician and for his achievements in breaking barriers.
		Rafael was born and raised in Santurce's Parada 21, a hot bed of bomba.
		Rafael wanted his combo's playing to be free and spontaneous and he wanted to break away from the inflexible routines of the big bands that kept the musicians tied to their chairs and enslaved by the written musical arrangements.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FXV/is_n8_v8/ai_21224417 (1582 words)

	Cortijo - Free Music Downloads, Videos, CDs, MP3s, Bio, Merchandise and Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Cortijo's involvement with music began at the age of nine, when he played a set of bongos a cousin had made of milk tins.
		Cortijo was at his peak in 1962 when he was arrested for drugs.
		Cortijo and Rivera collaborated on an album, Con Todos Los Hierros, in 1967, although it wasn't until June 25, 1974 that the 11 original members of the band reunited for a concert at San Juan's Roberto Clemente Coliseum.
	store.artistdirect.com /nad/music/artist/bio/0,,417720,00.html (686 words)

	Ecua Jei (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Cortijo incorporated Afro-Cuban montuno lines on the piano with jazz licks on the brass over the indigenous bomba rhythmsof the Island played on Cuban tumbadoras rather than the Island’s native barriles (drum barrels).
		Cortijo increased the pay scale for Black musicians, in particular drummers, paying them equal to what the rest of the “schooled” musicians were paid.
		He and Cortijo took the music of the slaves of Puerto Rico, slaves that jumped ships from Haiti, Cuba and other Islands that played the bomba music with roots in the Congo once outlawed because it caused uprisings and made it a commercial hit in the New World.
	www.latinjamradio.com /html/aurora_flores.html (3911 words)

	Puerto Rican Chicago (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Cortijo y su Combo holds the distinction of being the first local Puerto Rican band to succeed on the island.
		Cortijo y su Combo was the first fl group to actually perform at the prestigious Hotel Condado in San Juan.
		Cortijo y su Combo continued to perform without Maelo but performances were not the same, and shortly after, many of the members left the combo and formed the Gran Combo de Puerto Rico.
	www.puertoricanchicago.com /Articles/El_Sonero_Mayor.html (1409 words)

	Ismael Rivera
		Rafael Cortijo told him that he was a good singer as long as he stayed within his limits as a singer.
		That is the birth of Cortijo y su Combo - canta Ismael Rivera.
		Cortijo continued to play locally with folkloric groups, and the piano player Rafael Ithier convinced some of the other musicians to stay with him and form a band.
	www.salsacentro.com /IsmaelRivera.Html (4308 words)

	Rafael Cortijo
		Rafael organized a new group called Cortijo y su Bonche and debuted with them on Sorongo, which included his step daughter, Fe Cortijo, amongst the four vocalists.
		Cortijo collaborated with Puerto Rican percussionist/bandleader Kako to give some of his earlier hit plenas and bombas a voices and rhythm section workout on Ritmos Y Cantos Callejeros, with lead vocalist Chivirico Davila.
		Cortijo And His Time Machine/y su Maquina del Tiempo (1974), described as one of the most avant garde salsa albums, amalgamated Puerto Rican, Cuban and jazz ingredients and added the Brazilian cuica friction drum.
	www.geocities.com /tumbabongo/RafaelCortijo.html (806 words)

	Cortijo Rafael el de la Torre - Arbuniel - Jaén - RuralesCasas.com
		Cortijo Rafael el de la Torre - Arbuniel - Jaén
		Cortijo situado a 1300 metros de altitud y a 3 km del pueblo, donde podrá disfrutar de un estupendo fin de semana en plena naturaleza.
		El Cortijo está a 3 Km de Arbuniel (Jaén) por un camino rural, para llegar aquí hay que tomar la salida 64 (Arbuniel-Carchelejo)de la autovia Granada-Jaén (A44)
	www.ruralescasas.com /casasrurales/showdetails-advertisement-2142-advertisement_search-showhtmllist-20- (152 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Cortijo (1928-1982) was a catalytic figure in the history of the Puerto Rican national popular genre, the plena.
		Ironically, it was foreshadowed by the suggestion in Rodríguez Juliá’s chronicle that a Rafael Cortijo theater be established as poetic class justice for the naming of the infamous working-class projects after the poet Lloréns Torres (p.26).
		Rodríguez Juliá’s chronicle is a testimony to the importance of Cortijo within the impoverished communities of the Puerto Rican projects as the funeral cortege winds its way through the streets of Santurce.
	www.iaspm.net /cortijoreview.html (960 words)

	Latin Beat Magazine: Rafael Cortijo Verdejo. (músico puertorriq... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Rafael Cortijo and his Combo and Ismael Rivera, let it be known!...the seal of guarantee for any dance.
		At first, he tried his luck with a group he called "Cortijo and his Champions" and later he formed "Cortijo and his Time Machine." He was disappointed with the result in both cases and returned to Puerto Rico.
		Rafael Cortijo succumbed to pancreatic cancer at the age of 54 on October 3, 1982.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:21224417&... (2159 words)

	The Afro-Rican Ensemble Master Percussionist of the Month (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Rafael organized a new group called Bonche and debuted with them on Sorongo, which included his daughter, Frances Cortijo, amongst the four vocalists.
		Regretably, this was a demonstration of the danger of nepotism, as Frances does not possess one of the greatest voices.
		Cortijo collaborated with Puerto Rican percussionist/bandleader Kako to give some of his earlier hit plenas and bombas a voices and rhythm section workout on Ritmos Y Cantos Callejeros, with lead vocalist Chivirico D¡vila.
	www.afroricanensemble.net /cortijo.htm (662 words)

	plenapage5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Among Mon Rivera, Rafael Cortijo, and Ismael Rivera, Cortijo's influence on contemporary and future generations of musicians was the strongest.
		Although he did not leave the same musical legacy as Cortijo, there was something "magical" about the relationship between Ismael Rivera and the Puerto Rican people that transcended the popularity of Mon Rivera and Rafael Cortijo.
		With the exception of the work of Rafael Cortijo, Ismael Rivera, and Mon Rivera, plenas were not normally part of their repertory.
	www.salsacrazy.com /salsaroots/plenapage5.htm (2510 words)

	Ismael Rivera - Salsa2u -
		Tumbadoras: Martín Quiñones y Rafael Cortijo, Trompetas: "Kito" Vélez y Mario Cora, Saxo alto y Voz Falsete: Eddie Pérez, Vocal: Ismael Rivera, Coros: Roberto Roena y Sammy Ayala.
		A su regreso a la Isla, Ismael y Cortijo fueron detenidos por portar en su equipaje sustancias prohibidas, su arresto fue un verdadero escándalo, fue etiquetado con un sinnúmero de calificativos despectivos, juzgado, vejado y sentenciado, muchos piensan que el oficialismo aprovechó la situación para cobrarle su irreverencia...
		Rafael Cortijo, Machito, Sammy Ayala, Isamel Rivera, Roy Rosario y Mario Cora.
	salsa2u.freeservers.com /maelo.htm (862 words)

	TICO Part 4
		Rafael Cortijo and Ismael Rivera are praised for having demanded better pay and working conditions for fl musicians.
		Cortijo then organized a new group, El Bonche Agua, and recorded two more albums for Tico using his daughter Fay and Panamanian singer Azuquita on lead vocals, among others.
		Tico may not have made as much money as it would have liked from either Rafael Cortijo or Ismael Rivera's music but, viewed from an historical perspective, the company was fortunate to have recorded such important artists at the peak of their powers.
	www.spectropop.com /tico/TICOpart4.htm (3298 words)

	Latin Beat Magazine: El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico: the greatest salsa show on earth! Celebrating 40 years as a group ...
		It was Cortijo who took the bomba y plena beats and transcended them into dancehalls with a horn-driven combo.
		But in 1954 his boyhood friend Rafael Cortijo recruited him to form a combo that would prove to be a pivotal force in the evolution of tropical dance music.
		It was Rafael Alvarez Guedes who christened the group El Gran Combo when members reunited for sessions with Joseito Mateo from Dominican Republic for the album Meneame Los Mangos on Gema Records.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FXV/is_7_12/ai_92403676 (1475 words)

	Cortijo y Su Combo MP3 Downloads - Cortijo y Su Combo Music Downloads - Cortijo y Su Combo Music Videos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		One of Cortijo's greatest (and most underrated) recordings, this production was actually the brainchild of arranger/pianist Pepe Castillo and arranger/guitar player Edgardo Miranda.
		Rafael Cortijo allowed a flow of ebullient ideas from young talent; the result was an amalgam of Cortijo's plena/bomba concept that also blended other musical...
		Rafael Cortijo allowed a flow of ebullient ideas from young talent; the result was an amalgam of Cortijo's plena/bomba concept that also blended other musical tendencies like samba, seis mapeyé, and jazz into one enigmatic and fiercely savory stew.
	www.mp3.com /albums/139764/summary.html (285 words)

	CORTIJO, Rafael : MusicWeb Encyclopaedia of Popular Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This first band was the most important in Puerto Rico, appeared on popular midday TV programme Show Del Mediodia (performances collected on El Alma De Un Pueblo '77).
		Los Internacionales '62 on Marvela (reissued on Disco Hit) was Rivera's last with Cortijo before his imprisonment for a drugs offence; that year Cortijo sidemen walked out under the leadership of pianist Rafael Ithier to become El Gran Combo.
		His final album El Sueño Del Maestro '80 was made for Frank Ferrer's Tierrazo Records (reissued on Disco Hit) and included Fé and Ismael Rivera's son Ismaelo as co-lead vocalists.
	www.musicweb-international.com /encyclopaedia/c/C243.HTM (280 words)

	¡BOMBA!—A Puerto Rican Transplant with African Roots Struggles in NYC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Bomba danced on the backs of percussionist/arranger Rafael Cortijo and the extraordinary vocalist, Ismael Rivera, who, along with their Combo, were the first all-fl band to appear daily on Puerto Rican television.
		Cortijo and company broke through the Condado color line when their pal and collaborator, vocalist Bobby Capó, campaigned for the right to lodge at the same hotels where they played.
		And it was Cortijo who insisted on pay raises for drummers, who had been esteemed, and paid, far less than so-called “schooled” musicians prior to Cortijo’s intervention.
	www.lamusica.com /EpVuFVlZkElpoKrtSX.shtml (2144 words)

	Salsa in Cuba · Artists · Ismael Rivera
		And then, his childhood friend, Rafael Cortijo, gave Rivera the impulse and direction as well as a more structured musical discipline in order for him to obtain his vocal style.
		However, the only factor separating Cortijo and his combo from all other Latin dance bands and songs was Rivera’s voice.
		Cortijo and Rivera were on a changed Latin musical scene which forced them to go their separate ways.
	www.salsa-in-cuba.com /eng/artists_ismael_rivera.html (530 words)

	Esta Es Mi Salsa by Cortijo/Ismael Rivera/L'Aserie
		Moliendo CafÃ© [Guaracha] - Rolando L'Aserie, Cortijo, Ismael Rivera
		Ramona [Plena] - Rolando L'Aserie, Cortijo, Ismael Rivera
		Un Telegrama [Guaracha] - Rolando L'Aserie, Cortijo, Ismael Rivera
	www.mmguide.musicmatch.com /album/album.cgi?ALBUMID=1054786 (245 words)

	Celebrate Puerto Rican Heritage Month at the Barrio Zone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		WHO/WHAT: Rafael Cortijo and his Combo broke through color barriers in Puerto Rico ten years before the civil rights movement was signed into Congress in 1964.
		The first all fl orchestra to play on television and five star hotels, percussionist/arranger Rafael Cortijo was responsible for bringing the folklore of the Island onto international popularity, packing clubs from New York to Venezuela.
		Parallel to Cortijo's band for diversity, Zone del Barrio updates the folklore while mixing the music with today's urban, bilingual and bicultural lifestyle.
	www.virtualboricua.org /Docs/zdb01.htm (686 words)

	KAKO : MusicWeb Encyclopaedia of Popular Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		He formed his own combo mid-'50s and made two 78s on the SMC label, joining Alegre Records '58 (founded '56 by Al Santiago) and among his earliest recordings on the label was the single 'Tributo A Cortijo' (Rafael Cortijo).
		I '61, the same year contributing to the first of the celebrated albums by the Alegre All-Stars, directed by Charlie Palmieri, a descarga band patterned after the seminal Cuban Jam Session albums of the '50s, but unlike the Fania All-Stars featuring in- strumentalists rather than vocalists.
		Lo Ultimo En La Avenida '71 with Ismael Rivera, the classic Ritmos y Cantos Callejeros (early '70s) with Rafael Cortijo and Siguen Pa'lante y Pa'lante (early '70s) with Afro- Cuban conga player/singer Totico (Eugenio Arango).
	www.musicweb-international.com /encyclopaedia/k/K3.HTM (710 words)

	Rafael Cortijo - Salsero del mes - Latinastereo.com
		Rafael Cortijo es indiscutiblemente el referente número uno al hablar de la música popular Puertorriqueña de todos los tiempos.
		Cortijo tuvo la idea de incorporar trompetas y saxos, dándole a su agrupación un sonido nuevo, fuerte y alegre.
		En 1.962 infortunadamente para Rafael Cortijo e Ismael Rivera empezaron los problemas.
	www.latinastereo.com /genteLatina/salseroMes/rafaelCortijo/default.shtm (340 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		According to many, it was a risky decision but Rafael Ithier was convinced that his new project would be a succesfui one.
		The group of 13 musicians directed by pianist Rafael Ithier distinguishes itself in three ways: by its unique and constant musical identity, by the stability and harmony prevailing between group members and finally, by a busy tour schedule inside and outside -their native island, Puerto Rico.
		Rafael Ithier explains his philosophy of music: "We understand, accept and consider the evolution of salsa and music in general that has started in the recent years.
	www.comborecords.com /combo_am.html (1528 words)

	San Francisco/Bay Area Salsa & Latin Jazz: CD Reviews
		When percussionist/bandleader Rafael Cortijo passed away in 1982 the bomba y plena died.
		It was Cortijo who took the communal spirit of these African-based boricua beats from the campo to the dancehalls.
		The opener "Cortijo Bailable" is a greatest hits medley that gets a nice treatment from Allen, an unsung sonero from the Fania Golden Age.
	www.salsasf.com /features/articles/cdmay03.html (1364 words)

	Casas rurales - Cortijo Cerro Fuentes Nuevas, Castril Granada
		Casas rurales - Cortijo Cerro Fuentes Nuevas, Castril Granada
		Las Casas-Cortijo Cerro Fuentes Nuevas (cortijo Aureliano, cortijo Rafael, cortijo Manuel), son tres casas rurales con piscina y calefacción, en el Parque Natural Sierra Castril, sur de Cazorla, Altiplano de Granada.
		Con vistas a Sierra de Baza y Sierra la Sagra.
	www.fuentesnuevascastril.com (66 words)

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