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Topic: Ragusan Republic

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Republic of Ragusa

Dubrovnik

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	The Maryland Center for Civic Education :: Croatia Partnership
		Due attention, therefore, ought to be paid to the attitudes taken and suggestions made by the Ragusan diplomats and consuls from various European capitals and major ports, their arguments and dispositions for taking sides with the belligerents.
		Ragusan consular agents scattered throughout Europe, especially in major ports in the West (Cadiz, Marseille, Lisbon, Genoa, Leghorn) began to pour in a variety of information to Ragusa about major events.
		The fact the Ragusans were loyal Catholics facilitated their access to the New World ("Nuovo Mondo") or Indies ('Indie' or "Indie Nuove"), as the newly discovered continent was known among the people in Ragusa for a long time.
	www.marylandciviceducation.org /croatia/ragusa.htm (4614 words)

	Dubrovnik - Pearl of the Adriatic - Fun Facts, Questions, Answers, Information
		Vice Bune, a Ragusan that served the Spanish Crown, became Viceroy of Mexico during the reign of Philip II (1527-1598).
		Its construction is attributed to the Ragusan mathematician and physicist described as being ‘demon in mathematics and angel in his hart’.
		This tiny republic managed to flourish for such a long time under extremely difficult conditions: tiny in size as it was, it was great in spirit: it brilliantly mixed various cultures, Eastern and Western.
	www.funtrivia.com /en/subtopics/Dubrovnik---Pearl-of-the-Adriatic-114273.html (2306 words)

	Ragusa - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
		The Republic of Ragusa was the old name for the city of Dubrovnik in Croatia, when it was an independent country.
		The Republic of Ragusa was founded at the beginning of time by God, but was named as part of Croatia so that jealous devils did not seek to destroy it.
		Ragusan was designed after great thought by Ragusan scholars, possibly the most intelligent people ever to walk the earth, and all other world languages are simply dialects of it.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Ragusa (567 words)

	[No title]
		By the 13th century, the Ragusan councilmen names were mixed, and in the 15th century the literature was largely Slavic, and the city was often called by its Slav name, Dubrovnik.
		Dalmatia experienced a period of intense economic and cultural growth in the 18th century, which was abruptly interrupted with the fall of the Venetian republic in 1797.
		In 1806, the Ragusan Republic finally succumbed to foreign (French) troops under general Marmont, the same year a Russian force tried to contest the French by seizing Bocche di Cattaro (Boka Kotorska).
	www.informationclub.com /encyclopedia/d/da/dalmatia.html (2591 words)

	The Maryland Center for Civic Education :: Croatia Partnership
		Because of their geographical locations, the Republic of Venice, the Italian city-state, and the Republic of Ragusa, initially oriented their trade operations toward the east after Marco Polo opened the way to China and the Orient.
		Ragusans were well known for their shipbuilding expertise in both the 600-1000 ton class of galleons as well as the 700-1200.
		Relations between the two republics were maintained over the years and led to frequent visits by Florentine ambassadors stopping at Ragusa on their way to Constantinople.
	www.marylandciviceducation.org /croatia/atlanticdiscovery.htm (3834 words)

	Dubrovnik Online, history of Dubrovnik, statute, government,,teritory,origin of the name
		While the Republic was under the rule of Venice the Rector was Venetian, but after 1358 the Rector was always a Ragusan.
		The government of the Republic was liberal in character and early showed its concern for justice and humanitarian principles, e.g.
		At the Golden Period of Dubrovnik the territory of the Republic extended from Klek-Neum in the north to Sutorina (Boka Kotorska) in the south and a few kilometers inland.
	www.dubrovnik-online.com /english/history.php (1221 words)

	EARLY CROATIAN CONTACTS WITH AMERICA AND THE MYSTERY OF THE CROATANS* (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Ragusan shipmasters and sailors served not only under the Ragusan ensign, but under the flags of various Italian states, Greece, Spain and other foreign countries.
		Another Ragusan historian thinks that to assume the possibility that some sailors from Dubrovnik participated in the discovery of America is not "without good cause." He points out that exactly in those regions from where Columbus came, the merchant marine of Dubrovnik enjoyed a world reputation.
		Vlahović that "the Dubrovnikians (Ragusans) sailed to America with Sir Walter Raleigh's band of colonists in 1587." All the given names of the crew and passengers, of course, were English.
	www.studiacroatica.com /jcs/01/prpic.htm (6679 words)

	Ston - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Ston was a military fort of the Ragusan Republic whose defensive walls are a notable feat of medieval architecture: there is an 890 meters long town wall and 5 km Great Wall outside the town.
		The walls extend to Mali Ston (the little Ston), a smaller town on the northern side of the Pelješac isthmus and the end of the Gulf of Mali Ston (Malostonski zaljev), notable for its mariculture.
		Ston is also well known for its saltworks which were highly coveted by both the Republic of Dubrovnik and the Ottoman Empire.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Ston (173 words)

	Republic of Ragusa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Republic of Ragusa was a maritime city-state centred on the city of Ragusa (also known as Dubrovnik) from the 14th century until 1808.
		In 1806, the Republic surrendered to forces of the French Empire to end a months-long siege by the Russian-Montenegrin fleets (during which 3,000 cannonballs fell on the city).
		The Republic's flag had the word Libertas (freedom) on it, and the entrance to the Saint Lorenz fortress (Lovrijenac) just outside the Ragusa city walls bears the inscription "Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro," meaning "liberty is not sold for any kind of gold." The Republic abolished the slave trade in 1418.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa (3675 words)

	Dubrovnik, Croatia
		The Ragusan Republic reached its peak in the 15th and 16th centuries, when the Dubrovnik thalassocracy rivalled the Venetian Republic and other Italian maritime republics.
		In 1815, by the resolution of Congress of Vienna, Dubrovnik was annexed to Austria (later Austria-Hungary), and remained annexed until 1918, when it became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia from 1929).
		The Republic of Dubrovnik was the first state to recognise the United States of America as a sovereign state.
	www.creekin.net /c2928-n48-dubrovnik-croatia.html (778 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Republican Court of Ragusa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In the 16th century the legal status of the Ragusan Republic was completely established which meant the independent election of the rector and councillors,its own currency and the flag with its patron St. Blasius, the independed legislature and the right to establish consulates abroad.
		The Republic of Ragusa recognize Her Royal Majesty Mary Angevin as the legitimate ruler and Queen of Hungary, and the Kingdom of Hungary recognize the Republic of Ragusa as a legitimate realm and the Ragusan Great Council, Senators and the elected Duke, the rulers of the City
		Ragusan people have been worshipping their Saint Protector for over a thousand years, and the flag bearing the inscription Libertas is readily recognizable symbol of its history.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=201640&page=1 (11574 words)

	hidden europe
		This Friday is, as it happens, the bicentennial of the French occupation of the Republic of Ragusa.
		But this was a bittersweet moment, marking as it did the beginning of the end for the Ragusan Republic.
		Napoleon did not for long tolerate this picturesque political curiosity from another age, and the proud Ragusan Republic was quickly consigned to history.
	www.hiddeneurope.co.uk /article_print.php?articles_id=211 (634 words)

	...about Dubrovnik republic, Libertas, Earthquake on the April 6 1667, The government of Dubrovnik and more...
		The Republic of Dubrovnik, also known as the Republic of Ragusa, was a maritime city-state that was based in the city of Dubrovnik from the 14th century until 1808.
		The Communitas Ragusina (Ragusa municipality or community) was renamed to Respublica Ragusina (Ragusan republic) in the 14th century.
		The Ragusan Republic reached its peak in the 15th and 16th centuries, when the Dubrovnik thalassocracy rivalled Most Serene Republic of Venice and other Italian maritime republics.
	www.dubrovnik-apartments.com /dubrovnik_republic.htm (634 words)

	Croatian Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The history of the Ragusan Republic is the history of its patricians: the communal heritage and institutions replaced by an aristocratic republic, while its classical heritage was built into patrician ideology.
		The aristocratic establishment viewed Ragusan autonomy and peace as a result of a perfect institutional apparatus and devoted service of "the betters" - noblemen, who were born to privilege and political power.
		The republic's ideology determined the nobility as a group destined to preserve its values and therefore occupied a privileged position in the political and social hierarchy.
	www.croatianstudies.org /index.php?action=page&id=26 (1054 words)

	The Court of the Count of Ragusa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Aristecchio di Philippi, Conte di Ragusa, is the ninth in his family's line to hold the title of Protector of the Ragusan Republic, having been recognized by the Doge of Venice and the Rector of the Ragusan Senate as his father's legitimate heir in 1306.
		A Philippi was the first Conte di Ragusa when that Republic became a Venetian protectorate in the twelfth century; and the sons of the Philippi have held the protectorship ever since, save for one brief period in the thirteenth century, when the title was stolen away from them in political infighting by the Severesti clan.
		And it is Marius who serves as intermediary between the magi of the Concilium and the Count's court, visiting once a Season with his shield grog, Shaoroch, to exchange pleasantries, news of the Court and of the outside world...
	www.black-knight.org /Deadfire/txt/PCC/Covn.Count.html (297 words)

	[No title]
		But the first written mention was in 1272 in the Statutes of the Ragusan Republic - a small, independent state around Ragusa, as Dubrovnik was known.
		"The salt here is pure, natural, ecological." For hundreds of years in the Ragusan Republic, which existed until 1808 and occupation by Napoleon's army, salt was "white gold" and Ragusa based much of its prosperity on salt exports.
		Salt was so valuable that Ragusan law required the warehouse keys be guarded round the clock and every sale of salt had to be observed by two witnesses.
	courses.wcupa.edu /rbove/eco343/030Compecon/Centeur/Croatia/030824salt.txt (454 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Portuguese Empire
		In 1509, the Portuguese won the sea Battle of Diu against the combined forces of Ottoman Sultan Beyazid II, Sultan of Gujarat, MamlÃ»k Sultan of Cairo, Samoothiri Raja of Kozhikode, Venetian Republic, and Ragusan Republic (Dubrovnik).
		JoÃ£o, Lapa and Montanha Islands - settled by Portuguese missionaries in the XIX century; occupation by Portuguese troops in 1938.
		Timor-Leste (East-Timor) - colony subordinate to Portuguese India (1642-1844); subordinate to Macau (1844-1896); separate colony (1896-1951); overseas territory (1951-1975); republic and unilateral indepedence proclaimed, annexed by Indonesia (1975-1999, UN recognition as Portuguese territory).
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Portuguese_Empire (3344 words)

	Distributed by CroatianWorld
		The Republic of Dubrovnik was known in the Middle Ages as the Republic of Ragusa.
		Ragusan merchants and mariners organized a chapel of Saint Vlaho in the Church of Santa Maria di Castello in Genoa in the 1400's.
		Ragusans organized and supported chapels and cemeteries in almost all communities where they regularly traded.
	www.croatianworld.net /Letters/985.htm (1346 words)

	Dubrovnik, Croatia - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		The Republic of Ragusa reached its peak in the 15th and 16th centuries, when the Dubrovnik thalassocracy rivaled the Republic of Venice and other Italian maritime republics.
		In 1815, by the resolution of Congress of Vienna, Dubrovnik was annexed to the Austrian Empire (from 1867 Austria-Hungary), and remained in the crown land of the Kingdom of Dalmatia until 1918.
		Once again heavy efforts were undertaken to reestablish the Republic however this time it was all in vain.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /croatia_dubrovnik.htm (1246 words)

	Hrvatska na Expo 2005 - Salt pans in Ston
		The lands to which nature bestowed position by the sea were also bestowed a fortune at the reach of the hand.
		Thus, in the economic life of the Ragusan Republic, too, the production, transport and trade in salt occupied an extremely important position.
		The saltworks of Ston were a permanent concern of the Republic and its authorities until the dismantling of the Republic in 1808.
	www.croatiaexpo2005.hr /en/saltpans.html (339 words)

	Did you know: Food History
		By the sixteenth century, Ragusan influence on Mediterranean trade was nothing short of amazing, helped by the fact that it had trading colonies throughout the Balkans linked by a network of roads to Sarajevo and Skopje, the gateway to the East.
		Cereal traders and shipowners were strictly controlled by the governing council of the Ragusan Republic and notified a year ahead of time when their turn would come to carry grains to the city.
		Through the efforts of the Ragusan government, the city, which had a population of 6,000 in the late fifteenth century, always had a sufficient supply of fresh vegetables, especially cabbage and broccoli, which are specialities of the cuisine of Dubrovnik to this day.
	www.cliffordawright.com /history/dalmatian.html (411 words)

	Dubrovnik Old City - A Tour Inside The City Walls
		Most of the Ragusan Republic’s buildings of state were located in the general vicinity of Lua Square and its fifteenth century belltower.
		The length of its right arm was used as the city’s standard measure (the Ragusan cubit), new laws were announced from atop it (as the Dubrovnik Summer Festival is today), and those who broke them found themselves punished on the same spot.
		Behind the column is the gaudy Baroque church dedicated to St. Blaise, who owes his role as the city’s patron to his alleged appearance in a vision warning a local priest of a Venetian attack in 791.
	www.travel-2-croatia.com /dubrovnik-old-city.html (502 words)

	BikeAbout Trip Log: April 11, 1998
		A republic does not necessarily have to be a democracy, though it certainly can be - for example, the United States is a republic (remember the "Pledge of Allegiance"?).
		The Ragusan Republic (Dubrovnik was known as Ragusa during this period) is a good example of this.
		For most of the republic's existence, a group of non-elected aristocrats controlled the government and ruled without the expressed consent of the citizens.
	www.bikeabout.org /journal/notes_114.htm (1512 words)

	BikeAbout Trip Log: April 11, 1998
		A republic does not necessarily have to be a democracy, though it certainly can be - for example, the United States is a republic (remember the "Pledge of Allegiance"?).
		The Ragusan Republic (Dubrovnik was known as Ragusa during this period) is a good example of this.
		For most of the republic's existence, a group of non-elected aristocrats controlled the government and ruled without the expressed consent of the citizens.
	bikeabout.org /journal/notes_114.htm (1512 words)

	Venice And Ragusan Republics - Ancient Roman Empire Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In the beginning, the introduction of the Republic of Venice into the Byzantine Empire was the genius of Emperor Basil the Bulgar-Slayer.
		Uptil then, the Republic of Venice was valiant in their support of Constantinople, even risking harsh finger pointings from the Holy See (the Vatican).
		In one case, the Republic of Venice joined Constantinople (Emperor Alexius Comnenus) in the destruction of a Norman fleet who was capturing cities along the coast of Greece on route to Constantinople itself (from Southern Italy).
	www.unrv.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=2447&mode=linearplus (1772 words)

	Dalmatia - Questionz.net , answers to all your questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		By the 13th century, the Ragusan councilmen names were mixed, and in the 15th century the literature was largely Slavic, and the city was often called by its Slav name, Dubrovnik.
		Dalmatia experienced a period of intense economic and cultural growth in the 18th century, which was abruptly interrupted with the fall of the Venetian republic in 1797.
		In 1806, the Ragusan Republic finally succumbed to foreign (French) troops under general Marmont, the same year a Russian force tried to contest the French by seizing Bocche di Cattaro (Boka Kotorska).
	www.questionz.net /War/World_War_I/Dalmatia.html (2618 words)

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