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Topic: Ragwort

	Ragwort - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) is a very common wild flower in the family Asteraceae that is found throughout Europe, usually in dry, open places, and has also been widely distributed as a weed elsewhere.
		The Ragwort is native to the Eurasian continent.
		Ragwort is foodplant for larvae Cochylis atricapitana, Phycitodes maritima, and Phycitodes saxicolais.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ragwort (1411 words)

	Ragwort
		Ragwort is widely distributed throughout the grazing areas of Tasmania, with exception of the Midlands where it occurs only as isolated plants and small patches.
		The ragwort seedling has two cotyledons (the first pair of "leaves" to appear at emergence), are 10-15 mm in length and have a characteristic spade shaped blade, notched at the apex.
		Sheep poisoned with ragwort accumulate copper in the liver and death is characteristically associated with the passing of red urine ('red water').
	www.hotkey.net.au /~d.elliott/ragwort.htm (1873 words)

	Pasture Management for Control of Tansy Ragwort: Forage Information System
		Ragwort fed to goats at 1 percent of their body weight for 25 days, during lactation (for a total of 125 percent of the goat s body weight), caused abortions and subsequent death of the does.
		Ragwort is not rejected by sheep as it is by cattle and horses.
		Some ragwort foliage and stems should be place in the bag as a source of food while in transit, and the bag should be kept shaded and cool until the larvae are released.
	forages.oregonstate.edu /main.cfm?PageID=220 (3176 words)

	Teagasc - Fact Sheet: Ragwort
		Ragwort germinates in the autumn (mainly) and spring.
		Ragwort produces feathery type seeds that are dispersed by wind, water, animals, hay and farm machinery.
		Ragwort is toxic to cattle, horses, deer, goats, pigs and chickens.
	www.teagasc.ie /advisory/factsheets/ragwort.htm (1060 words)

	Rag-fork the solution to problems with ragwort (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ragwort is one of the injurious weeds specified in the Weeds Act 1959.
		The effects of ragwort ingestion are not pleasant; the symptoms may include weight loss, poor and staring coat, staggering gait, impaired vision followed by circling, blindness, colliding with obstacles, severe abdominal pain, inability to swallow and ultimately complete paralysis, collapse and death.
		Tansy Ragwort or Common Ragwort, Senecio jacobaea, is usually considered to be a biennial, over wintering either as seeds or as rosettes, but it is also capable of becoming a perennial through environmental stress or interference by competitors, herbivores, or control tactics.
	www.rag-fork.co.uk /ragwort.html (1503 words)

	24. GROUNDSEL, RAGWORT
		The recommendation for cattle is that ragwort hay be fed at 10% or less of the body weight over the course of a year.
		Never feed ragwort to horses, and it is advisable not to feed it to cattle.
		Ragwort poisoning is a major problem in the western United States and may be increasing in the East.
	www.vet.purdue.edu /depts/addl/toxic/plant24.htm (1000 words)

	The Trouble With Ragwort (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ragwort is most easily spotted during the flowering period when its yellow flowers can be seen in almost every pasture in some areas.
		Ragwort is a problem which must and can be effectively dealt with, and the key is effective grassland management.
		Ragwort does not like regular complete ground disturbance and is not a weed of arable land, but it thrives in swards that have been cultivated into bare ground by hooves, overgrazing or heavy hay crops.
	members.aol.com /arfryn1/HorseTalk/ragwort.htm (1504 words)

	Horses - BHS Ragwort Week 2000 - Equiworld - Equestrian Information - horses and ponies on the internet
		Ragwort is poisonous to horses and livestock, and even small amounts can build up in the system leading to a painful and horrible death.
		Ragwort is classed as an injurious weed under the 1959 Weeds Act and it is an offence to allow it to spread.
		If the ragwort is on roadside verges then it should be reported to the local council, on motorways to the Highways Agencies, and on railway embankments, to Railtrack (0345 114141).
	www.equiworld.net /uk/ezine/0700/ragwort.htm (290 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Ragwort - Herb Profile and Information
		Much more attention has been given to the subject of poisoning by certain species of Ragwort in South Africa, Canada, and New Zealand, and in certain districts where it is commonly met with it was believed to be a disease of cattle until its actual cause was discovered.
		The crop was made into hay, and owing to the prolonged spell of cold weather and the scarcity of other feeding stuffs, this was fed later and in considerable amount to animals at pasture.
		It would appear also that although animals which had received a toxic amount of Ragwort over a certain period may seem healthy at the time when feeding on the material is discontinued, they nevertheless develop active symptoms of poisoning and die at a later period.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/r/ragwor02.html (1202 words)

	Information about tansy ragwort
		The economic impact of tansy ragwort in Oregon during the 1970’s included: more than $4 million a year lost in livestock poisoning; the loss of five to ten percent of cattle herds and dairies were forced to close (Rees et al.
		The ragwort flea beetle (Longitarsus jacobaeae), the ragwort seed fly (Pegohylemyia seneciella), and the cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae) are the biological agents effectively used to control tansy ragwort in Oregon, California, and Washington.
		The cinnabar moth and the ragwort flea beetle are unable to establish east of the Cascade Mountains (Rees et al.
	www.nwcb.wa.gov /weed_info/Written_findings/Senecio_jacobaea.html (1933 words)

	Buglife - Projects – Ragwort Fact File (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ragworts have their legitimate place as part of Britain's biodiversity, together with the large wealth of insects and fungi that they support.
		Ragwort is one of the most important plants in the countryside and on urban waste ground in terms of number of species of insects it supports.
		Ragwort poisoning symptoms are variable and resemble the symptoms of a number of other diseases and injuries.
	www.buglife.org.uk /html/project_ragwort_fact_file.htm (6952 words)

	Ragwort Hysteria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		We are told that it kills thousands of animals It is of course understandable that people should have a concern for their precious animals but there is little rational need for extreme concern and it is hard to avoid the conclusion that people are being manipulated.
		The toxic dose of ragwort for a large animal is in the order of several stone.
		The number of reported incidents of ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) poisoning in cattle in England, Wales and Scotland were 26 (1985), 10 (1986), 16 (1987), 13 (1988), 7 (1989), 10 (1990).
	www.wildlifewebsite.com /ragwort.html (558 words)

	Defra, UK; Horse gateway - Equine Topics
		Ragwort is one of five injurious weeds covered by the provisions of The Weeds Act 1959.
		Ragwort is poisonous to horses, ponies, donkeys and other livestock, and causes liver damage, which can have potentially fatal consequences.
		In the case of Ragwort or other injurious weeds growing alongside the motorway or trunk roads, the complaint should be referred to the Highways Agency, and for minor roads, the local highway authority.
	www.defra.gov.uk /rural/horses/topics/ragwort.htm (890 words)

	Butterfly Conservation Statement on the Defra 'Code of Practice on How to Prevent the Spread of Ragwort' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Common Ragwort is a natural component of many types of unimproved grassland and most of these are grazed with the knowledge that the stock leave the plant alone.
		Common Ragwort Senecio jacobaea is the most abundant and widespread of the ragworts (members of the Compositae or daisy family) occurring in British Isles and is the one listed in the 1959 Weeds Act.
		Common Ragwort is a valuable nectar source for hundreds of insects and is the foodplant of at least 77 species of insect herbivore: 27 species of moth, 22 species of thrip, 13 species of bug, 9 species of flies and 6 species of beetle.
	www.butterfly-conservation.org /ne/news/ragwort/index.html (985 words)

	Tansy Ragwort in British Columbia
		Tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobeae) is a poisonous plant causing environmental deterioration, loss of pasture for grazing animals and even unthriftiness and death to livestock in the Lower Fraser Valley and southern Vancouver Island.
		Tansy ragwort is a biennial to short-lived perennial plant in the Sunflower family.
		Tansy ragwort is easily controlled in the seedling to young rosette stage with the herbicide 2,4-D as either the amine or low-volatile ester formulation.
	www.agf.gov.bc.ca /cropprot/tansy.htm (1319 words)

	Projects – Ragwort Yellow Peril or Precious Flower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) is a problem plant for horse owners, but wildlife and countryside organisations are united in their view that the action proposed by the Act will not protect horses from Ragwort, but will put the environment at risk at cost to the Council Tax payer.
		Ragwort is a very important plant for invertebrates in the UK.
		Ragwort is also a critically important nectar source for hundreds of species of butterflies, bees, moths, flies and other invertebrates, helping to maintain what remains of their much declined populations in the UK countryside.
	www.buglife.org.uk /html/project_ragwort.htm (719 words)

	Guidance on the Disposal Options for Common Ragwort
		The guidelines include advice on how to dispose of ragwort from all types of land and highlights that incorrect disposal is likely to result in further spread through seed dispersal and re-growth in root sections.
		Ragwort is one of five injurious weeds specified in the Weeds Act 1959.
		Defra investigates complaints about ragwort and the other injurious weeds where there is a threat to land used for the keeping or grazing of horses and other animals, land used for the production of conserved forage and other agricultural activities.
	www.tumpline.com /stackyard/news/2005/09/DEFRA/common_ragwort.html (725 words)

	Ragwort
		Ragwort is probably more toxic in the early stages of growth.(2) In its fresh state, however, the plant appears unpalatable1 and under lush pasture conditions animals may avoid eating it.
		The toxic dose of dried ragwort is estimated to be 5% of the horse`s weight.
		In the absence of a effective treatment for ragwort poisoning it is all the more important to prevent horses having access to the plant either at pasture or in contaminated hay.
	www.equinecentre.co.uk /ragwort.htm (2561 words)

	Ragwort
		Ragwort is a perennial, sometimes biennial, plant that grows up to 3 feet tall.
		Ragwort was designated as an dangerous weed in the Weeds Act of 1959.
		Ragwort will not establish where there is vigorous grass.
	www.horsedata.co.uk /Ragwort.htm (706 words)

	SAC (Scottish Agricultural College) - Ragwort (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ragwort is the common name for one of our most conspicuous grassland weeds.
		The most common form of ragwort is common ragwort, but marsh ragwort is found locally in Orkney and Oxford ragwort is found on light soils in Eastern Scotland, Orkney and in Southern Britain.
		There is anecdotal evidence that ragwort is more common than it has been, and that this may be related to the advent of set-aside fallows and new farm woodland projects leaving more bare ground available for establishment.
	www.sac.ac.uk /consultancy/cropclinic/clinic/weeds/ragwort (350 words)

	July/November - Ragwort
		Ragwort is often a problem on cattle and horse properties as it is very poisonous.
		Grubbing or pulling of ragwort plants in the rosette to early flowering stage is ineffectual unless the entire root system is removed.
		Mowing any stage of ragwort is not recommended because although it temporarily suppresses flowering and makes for a tidier paddock, it encourages the development of multiple crowns (perennial) ragwort plants.
	www.lifestyleblock.co.nz /articles/weeds/27_ragwort.htm (450 words)

	Noxious Weed IVM Guide - Tansy Ragwort
		In North America, tansy ragwort is a problem weed in pastures, rangelands, and clear-cuts on both the east and west coasts, particularly in Oregon.
		Ragwort competes with valuable forage species, but it derives its greatest economic importance from the losses it causes to the cattle industry.
		During the summer period, tansy ragwort is considered a good feed for sheep, and because the lethal dose of tansy ragwort for sheep is about 200 to 300% of body weight, acute poisoning is rare.
	www.efn.org /~ipmpa/Noxtansy.html (4390 words)

	ragwort
		Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.) is one of the most frequent causes of plant poisoning of livestock in the UK.
		Ragwort acts as a cumulative poison, eventually destroying the liver.
		Ragwort Flea Beetles and Cinnabar Moths were then released throughout the Pacific Northwest as part of intensive biological control programs.
	www.elliesstud.com /ragwort.htm (675 words)

	Dispersal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Very poor ragwort plants may have as few as a dozen flowers on a single stem, but plants growing in fertile conditions can reach 2 metres tall, producing many stems each branching repeatedly until the plant contains as many as 35,000 flowers and yielding over 2,000,000 seeds.
		It is critical if ragwort is to be brought back under control, that ALL common ragwort - wherever it is growing - be retained under the scope of The Weeds Act 1959 and that nothing is allowed to weaken the requirement for prevention of seeding.
		DEFRA inaction and the protection of ragwort within conservation areas or other areas of environmental concern are responsible for the continued proliferation of this invasive plant.
	www.ragwortfacts.info /html/dispersal.html (622 words)

	Horse-Talk(UK) - How Ragwort Affects Horses
		Ragwort is said to cause more annual loss to the livestock industry than all other plants together and laws exist to protect against this plant.
		But prosecutions are rare and as a result ragwort is a commonpoisonous plant.
		Eating ragwort means that the horse is taking in a poison know as a pyrrolizidine alkaloid.
	members.aol.com /wdds1/horsetalk/ragwort2.htm (690 words)

	Ragwort Solutions Ltd, control, removal, eradication
		Ragwort is one of the most frequent causes of plant poisoning in livestock.
		Ragwort destroys liver cells causing permanent damage and eventually death.
		A number of alternative approaches will be recommended for the control of Ragwort on the site, each recommendation will be site specific taking into account location, level of infestation, extent of control required and the environmental impact of the control method.
	www.ragwortsolutions.co.uk (239 words)

	Tansy Ragwort Identification
		An invader from Europe, tansy ragwort was first seen in seaports in the early 1900's and is often spread in contaminated hay.
		When prevalent, tansy ragwort is one of the most common causes of poisoning in cattle and horses, caused by consumption of the weed found in pasture, hay or silage.
		The plant's stem is stout, erect or slightly spreading, and may be branched; often groups of stems arise from the plant crown.
	dnr.metrokc.gov /wlr/lands/Weeds/ragwort.htm (445 words)

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