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Topic: Rai (Ethnic Group)

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	Definition of Rai (Ethnic Group) (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The traditional homeland of the Rai extends across Solukhumbu, Okhaldhunga, Khotang, Bhojpur and Udayapur Districts in the northeastern mountains of Nepal, west of the Arun River, in the Sun Kosi River watershed.
		Rais are also found in small numbers in the Indian state of Sikkim and the northern West Bengal towns of Kalimpong and Darjeeling.
		Because of the fiercely independent nature of the Rai community and its location at the eastern end of the consolidating Nepali nation-state, the Rai were given exceptional rights of kipat autonomy and land ownership in their homeland of Majh (middle) Kirant.
	www.wordiq.com.cob-web.org:8888 /definition/Rai_(Ethnic_Group) (502 words)

	Vietnam Ethnic Group, Vietnam minority people, 54 ethnic minority people living in Vietnam, Vietnam Tours, Vietnam ...
		Although they speak different languages, the ethnic groups live close to one another and so one group can know the language of others through everyday relations, and although they are involved in cultural exchange, they keep retaining the identity of their own culture.
		The diversity of the cultures of ethnic groups does not take them off the track of the common development of the nation, just as the peculiarity is in tune with the generality in the dual category of philosophy.
		The number of cadres of ethnic groups having graduated from university or higher degree is on the increase.
	www.hotelvietnamonline.com /culture/ethnic_groups.htm (920 words)

	Nepal Information: People and Culture, Nepal's people and ethnic groups, Fusion Nepal, YOUR HOLIDAY MANAGER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The two major groups in Nepalese society are Tibeto-Burmans, or Mongoloids from the north, and Indo-Aryans from the south.
		Ethnic Groups of Terai Region and Southern Nepal border.
		This is the largest and oldest ethnic group of the Terai belt found living in close proximity to densely forested regions.
	www.fusionnepal.com /nepal/people_and_ethnic_group_of_nepal.php (1233 words)

	Nepal - Caste and Ethnicity
		In the case of the first two groups, the direction if their migration and Nepal's landscapes appeared to have led to their vertical distribution; most ethnic groups were found at particular altitudes.
		The north Indian antecedents of a number of caste groups in the hills (that is, the first group of Indo-Nepalese migrants), which, in the early 1990s, made up more than 50 percent of the total population, are evident in their language, religion, social organization, and physical appearance.
		Among these groups, the Gurung, Magar, and Rai historically have supplied the bulk of the famous Gurkha contingents to the British and Indian armies, although their ranks have been augmented from the Thakuri and Chhetri castes of the Indo-Nepalese Paharis.
	countrystudies.us /nepal/31.htm (2378 words)

	Nepal - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Nepal’s indigenous population consists of two major groups, the Indo-Nepalese, whose ancestors migrated into the country from the south, and the Tibeto-Nepalese, whose ancestors entered Nepal from the north.
		Although intermingling between the two groups has occurred, cultural, linguistic, and religious differences exist both between and within the two groups.
		Formal schooling in Nepal is constrained by economic and cultural factors such as a bias against educating girls and a need for children to work at home or in the fields.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761562648___15/Nepal.html (866 words)

	research.html
		Ethnic non-Latvians constitute over 42% of the population, dominated by Russians (29.61%), and including Belarussians (4.1%), Ukrainians (2.68%), and smaller groups of Poles, Lithuanians, Jews, and Roma.
		However, group identities are defined along linguistic, rather than ethnic lines: approximately 60% are Latvian-speakers and close to 40% speak Russian as their native language.
		Members of one ethnic or linguistic entity obtain insufficient information on the ‘other’ and are not stimulated to participate in a common space of public debate on issues of public interest.
	www.policy.hu /raihman/research.htm (1657 words)

	People & Culture
		Nepal is a multi-ethnic society, comprising of more than 80 ethnic groups, more than 100 native languages (mother tongues), and followers of several religions including Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, and faiths such as animism, shamanism and others, there are till now no reliable government statistics on ethnicity, native languages, religions and cultures.
		There is no data relating to the number of accurate ethnic groups and the statistics on population distribution by religion and mother tongue are also not accurate.
		Dharan is a place mostly inhibited by ethnic group such as Limbu and Rai, there are however other ethnic and non-ethnic group as well, Newar people are also in large numbers and so are Brahmin and Chetris.
	members.fortunecity.com /dharantimes (657 words)

	:: Magar Studies Center - Selected Readings :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Rais are indigenous to the Majh or Middle Kirat of eastern Nepal.
		The population of Rais, according to the census of 2001, is 635,151.
		The Rais do not marry their maternal uncle's and aunt's daughters, though there is a practice of marrying one's windowed elder sister-in-law.
	www.magarstudiescenter.org /pop-rai.php (917 words)

	Hill Tribes in Chiang Rai
		Ethnic group have long been settled here for several years.
		However, the largest ethnic group currently living in the area is the Chinese at Mae Salong (Santikiri).
		The major occupation of ethnic groups in the area is agriculture based on raising livestock and crops such as rice, corn and soybeans.
	atthaitours.com /Hill_Tribes.html (368 words)

	RAOnline Nepal: Nepal's people >> Ethnic Groups
		The two major ethnic groups in Nepalese society are Tibeto-Burmans or Mongoloids and Indo-Aryans which came into being under the influence of China and India respectively.
		However, the ethnic groups of the country can be divided more or less on the basis of geographical locations.
		This is the largest and oldest ethnic group of Terai belt who are found to be living in the proximity of densely forested regions.
	www.mypage.bluewin.ch /raonline/pages/np/visin/nppeop04.html (951 words)

	Vets With A Mission - History of Vietnam - Ethnic people
		Other groups continued to interact with the Viet people, but either chose to maintain their independence in the highlands or were forced up into the hills, off the ever-more-crowded coastal plains.
		While several of these groupings, such as the Tay, Tai, Muong and Nung, number in the vicinity of a million people, others, like the Romam and O-du, are feared to have dwindled to as few as 100.
		Most of the individual ethnic groups share basic, similar traits in their daily lives and are often most easily identified by differences in language, physical features and traditional dress.
	www.vwam.com /vets/tribes/ethnicminorities.html (2365 words)

	Nepalese People
		The Rais, Limbus and Sunuwars inhabit the slopes and valleys of the eastern mid hills.
		The Newars constitute an important ethnic group of the capital valley Kathmandu.
		The Tharus are one of the original ethnic groups to inhabit the Terai.
	www.southalabama.edu /nepal/npeople.htm (231 words)

	www.jimeesamaj.com
		Everest, is abode to the Kirat-Rai community, the ethnic group indigenous to the eastern part of Nepal.
		Sustaining with contribution from its members, the society is an apolitical body formed with objective to preserve the age old culture of the Rai community of Slukhumbu and t0o work for the economical and educational development of the Rai community in and from Solukhumbu.
		Rai Community Cultural House: The society is working towards generating fund and other resources to build a community culture house for the Rai community in Kathmandu.
	www.jimeesamaj.com (881 words)

	Name of Ethnic Group
		Culture: Gia Rai language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian Group.Long epics and old tales such as "Dam Di Di San" (Dam Di Goes Hunting) and "Xinh Nha" are very popular in Gia Rai society.
		According to customs, the two families are made to struggle for the bride on the wedding day as the bride is brought from the house of her family to worship the heavens.
		Culture: The Ta Oi language belongs to the Mon-Khmer Group and is close to the Bru-Van Kieu and Co Tu languages.
	www.angelfire.com /hi4/hoangtu19/group.htm (11786 words)

	Defenceindia : Special Reports : Ethnic Group Recruitment in the Indian Army
		Groups with poor education - such as Muslims, women and others - are likely to be left out, unless education standards and tests scores are lowered.72This may very well happen due to officer shortages caused by developments outside the army.
		This necessarily implies recruitment of all ethnic and religious groups in India, as absence of particular groups from its rank and file may lead to biases based merely on ignorance.
		More recent cases of ethnic cleansing and genocide in many parts of Africa, the Balkans and Indonesia at the end of the twentieth century are a reminder that politician espousing partisan cause can and will use the armed forces to crush powerless groups.
	www.defenceindia.com /def_common/ethnic_group_recruitment.html (8037 words)

	54 Ethnic Groups of Vietnam. A Brief Introduction
		The other 53 ethnic minority groups, totalling over 8 million people, are scattered over mountain areas (covering two-thirds of the country's territory) spreading from the North to the South.
		However, in the history of national development, the ethnic groups in Vietnam have always had a tradition of solidarity and mutual assistance, particularly in the struggle against foreign aggessors.
		However, a fundamental solidarity among ethnic groups has been established on top of these differences as a result of a centuries long cooperation on the soil of Vietnam.
	www.voyagevietnam.net /eng/6-23.php (707 words)

	Rai (ethnic group) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The traditional homeland of the Rai extends across Solukhumbu, Okhaldhunga (the Bahing,Wambule subgroups), Khotang, Bhojpur and Udayapur districts in the northeastern mountains of Nepal, west of the Arun River, in the Sun Kosi River watershed.
		The Rai are divided into many different clan groups, including the Bantawa, Chamling, Sampang, Dumi, Jerung, Kulung, Khaling, Lohorung, Mewahang, Rakhali, Thulung, Tilung, Wambule, Yakkha, and Yamphu.
		Subsistence agriculture of rice, millet, wheat, corn and even cotton is the main occupation of the Rai although many Rai have been recruited into military service with the Nepali army and police, and the Indian and British Gurkha regiments and Singapore Police Force.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rai_(Ethnic_Group) (510 words)

	Ethnic minority literature - Vietnam Culture, Way to Travel Vietnam, Vietnam Festivals, Festival in Vietnam, ...
		Most ethnic minority literature remains oral in nature, although a number of collections have been published over the years.
		Six ethnic groups of Tây Nguyên (the central highlands) - the Malay-Polynesian Ê-đê, Ra-glai, Gia-rai and Ba-na and the Môn-Khmer Xơ-đăng and M'nông - preserve a rich corpus of oral literature.
		The ethnic minority communities have also produced a handful of important prose writers, including Nông Minh Châu (1924-1979, Tày ethnic group), Ma Trường Nguyên (b 1944, Tày ethnic group) and Linh Nga Niêk Đăm (b 1948, Ê-đê ethnic group).
	www.waytovietnam.com /Ethnic-minority-literature.asp (281 words)

	Nepal Information - Trekking, Travel, Tours, Rafting provider in Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet and India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In a south-north direction, as you move from the plains to the mountains, the ethnic map can be roughly divided into layers: the Terai, the midlands or Pahad zone, and the Himalaya.
		Each zone is dominated by characteristic ethnic groups whose agriculture and lifestyles are adapted to suit the physical constraints of their environment.
		Many people use the name of their ethnic group, caste or clan as their surname.
	www.visitnepal.com /euroasia/nepalinfo.html (1277 words)

	::PeaceJournalism.com - The Peace Media Research Center's e-magazine::
		To make the state guarantee their political role is exactly what the oppressed ethnic groups have been asking for since the time when they felt marginalised by oligarchic regime from the policy making level.
		But one thing that has to be kept in the mind is that the ethnic representation should be in government of federating unit [autonomy] as well as in central government.The atrocity, discrimination, oppression should not be committed for sake of single ethnic group.
		So what should come to the conclusion is that ethnic problem in Nepal is not in link with land and territory, but is connected with political role of ethnic group in policy-making level in a whole state.
	peacejournalism.com /ReadArticle.asp?ArticleID=3079 (1270 words)

	CAMBODIA SENDS LAST MONTAGNARD REFUGEES BACK TO VIETNAM
		All 60 Montagnards belong to the Jarai (in Vietnamese, Gia Rai) ethnic group and had fled to Cambodia from Vietnam’s Gia Lai-Kontum Province on July 20.
		Out of an original group, 34 returned home voluntarily, seven surrendered to Cambodian authorities, and eight were aided by local villagers in seeking help from the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees.
		Sam Sarin, of the human rights group Adhoc in Mondolkiri, said Cambodian authorities have in fact arrested and repatriated 30 to 40 Vietnamese refugees since the camps were closed in 2001.
	www.montagnard-foundation.org /news-03-1203.htm (953 words)

	Himalayan Mercantile - Masks from Nepal Middle Hills
		The Rai ethnic group of the Solu area are characterized by a strong and unique religious and cultural tradition.
		They bury their dead rather than cremate for instance, and their own religion and shamanic tradition are still vibrant.
		Rai shaman actually wear masks themselves during rituals, and while mask use in the shamano-tantric tradition of the Nepalese middle hills is very common, it is notable when the shaman himself wears the masks, rather than being worn by others as some aspect of the rites.
	www.himalayan-mercantile.com /masks/hmm51.html (246 words)

	www.karnalitreks.com (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		When witnessing the everyday lives of the people from the different ethnic groups, you might step outside yourself and look more objectively at you own practices and attitudes and come away with more creative answers to the puzzles in your own life.
		I would recommend the services of Buddi K. Rai to arrange and manage a trek for anyone, young or old, as he would be sensitive to the capabilities of the group and ensure that the trip was not only pleasant but memorable.
		Women washed their children in front of their homes, a group of young girls wove a thatch mat next to the street and a couple men, who looked like brothers, butchered chickens in a wooden lean-to shack.
	www.karnalitreks.com.cob-web.org:8888 /recommendation.htm (3545 words)

	Gia Rai - Vietnam Ethnic Group
		Customs and Habits: The Gia Rai believe in the existence of Giang (Genies) and hold many rituals connected to their genies.They live in separate villages called ploi or bon.
		The village chief and the elders have great prestige in Gia Rai society and play a role in running collective activities.
		Culture: Gia Rai language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian Group.
	hedo-vietnam.tripod.com /ethnic_groups/gia_rai.htm (227 words)

	ykien - english - Archive 15
		Earlier in October, a court in the neighbouring province of Gia Lai sentenced a man of the Gia Rai ethnic group to nine years in jail for spreading anti-government propaganda among tribes.
		Group leader Y Thuon Nie, 30, was sentenced to 10 years in jail, while the other seven men were given eight years each at the one-day trial Wednesday.
		In a statement to mark the opening of the annual two-day Consultative Group meeting of Vietnam's international donors, the EU said such measures were essential to the communist country's economic and social development.
	www.ykien.net /mykdb15.html (12508 words)

	Chiangrai Magazine
		The first groups to come were Tai Yai, Tai Lue, Tai Khoen, and Tai Yuan (or Khon Muang).
		The last group to come was Chinese refugees, members of the Chinese 93rd infantry of Kuomintang.
		The northern-styled dished found in Chiang Rai are commonly found in other Northern provinced, namely fermented-pork (naem), pork crachlings (Kheap Mu), northern-styled sausages (Sai -Oua) and chili pastes-either nam-prig num or nam-prig ong, served with warm fragrant sticky rice.
	www.geocities.com /chiangraimag (402 words)

	Jarai - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Jarai (also Người Gia Rai, Gia Rai, or Gia-rai) is an ethnic group based primarily in Vietnam's Central Highlands.
		They are the largest of the upland ethnic groups of the Central Highlands known as Degar or Montagnards.
		Following the Vietnam War, many Jarai (as well as members of other Montagnard groups) who had been allied with the United States were resettled with their families in the United States, particularly in the state of North Carolina.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Jarai (511 words)

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