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	The House of Rapp » RAIM
		RAIM is the method an IFR-approved GPS receiver uses to ensure that the data it’s getting from the satellite constellation is valid. I won’t get into the specifics of how RAIM works, but with the world moving ever more toward satellite navigation, this is pretty important stuff.
		It always stinks to realize you’ve been remiss in teaching students something they ought to know, and unfortunately, Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring — better known as RAIM — falls into that category.
		I was reminded of my omission by John at Aviation Mentor. He’s penned an excellent post about RAIM with plenty of nitty gritty details.
	www.rapp.org /archives/2006/07/raim (289 words)

	Volpe Center: Information Resources - Volpe Journal Spring 98
		Using measurements from these satellites, RAIM automatically determines when GPS is unreliable because a satellite is "out of tolerance," that is, when its position relative to the other visible satellites makes it impossible to calculate the receiver's position accurately.
		RAIM has enabled the FAA to certify GPS for primary means navigation in transoceanic flights as well as for supplemental navigation in domestic flights en route or in nonprecision approaches.
		Given the fact that RAIM prediction is so new—it was instituted in May 1995 for military pilots and in November 1995 for the FAA—the level of international interest suggests that the Volpe Center will be in the forefront of international GPS work for years to come.
	www.volpe.dot.gov /infosrc/journal/spring98/outages.html (1939 words)

	GNSS 2004: Session E4 Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ever since the RAIM FDE algorithms were formulated more than ten years ago, the system availability has been bound, by and large, to the limitations in the intrinsic observability of its monitoring mechanism to be able to detect and exclude a single measurement fault.
		These new RAIM schemes based on the constrained GLRT are extremely stable against insignificant additional pseudo-range biases, local effects and multiple satellite signal corruption with bounded impacts on the aircraft position (which should not be considered as a positioning failure) and, simultaneously, more sensitive with respect to dangerous biases producing positioning failures.
		RAIM procedures, normally consist of two stages, the assessment of whether the right conditions exist to perform a RAIM fault detection (geometry screening) and the assessment of existence of a failure (fault detection and exclusion).
	www.ion.org /meetings/gnss2004/abstracts.cfm?track=E&session=4 (6779 words)

	Laboratorio de Imagen, UDIAT CD - RAIM PC: Radiological Archive and Image Management
		The RAIM program is an application that allows the user to acquire DICOM images, store them, temporarily visualize them, and send them to another, similar computer, as well as to make an associated radiological report.
		RAIM has been developed entirely by the Digital Medical Imaging Center at UDIAT Diagnostic Center S.A. (Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell) It uses object-oriented technology (C++ language) and works with IBM-compatible computers running Windows 95 or superior versions.
		With RAIM, all operations for image transmission are performed according to the DICOM standard.
	www.cspt.es /webcspt/cimd/raimang.htm (606 words)

	[No title]
		If the RAIM function is not predicted to be available during the approach, or if the approach has not been enabled at a distance of 2 nm inbound to the final approach fix, the equipment shall provide an indication that approach navigation is not provided.
		When RAIM is not available, inadequate navigation data due to poor space vehicle geometry such that the probability that navigation error exceeds the position integrity performance requirements in RTCA/DO-208 (Table 2-1) is greater than or equal to 0.05.
		If alternative RAIM algorithms are used, or if the same RAIM algorithm is used but tracks only 5 satellites, then the manufacturer shall establish a set of tests acceptable to and approved by the cognizant Aircraft Certification Office and demonstrate equivalent performance with those tests.
	www.to-avionics.com /c129a.doc (11201 words)

	Missions
		The otters at RAIM seem to be pre-occupied with the invading pikes, which threaten their activites.
		These creatures are not RAIM beasts, but should they decide to try to take over Marshank, we are in very, very deep trouble: We only have three fully trained Magicians, and four more in training.
		RAIM spies have tunneled their way into our cellars and stolen valuable food, drink and supplies.
	www.angelfire.com /ma/redwall/mission.html (4724 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, The Global Positioning System: A Shared National Asset (1995)
		Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) is a method for ensuring the integrity of GPS through the use of redundant satellites.
		However, the ability of RAIM to perform the detection and identification functions depends upon the relative geometry between the satellites and the user's location, and upon the nominal pseudorange errors as expressed as a standard deviation.
		For all of the above RAIM augmentations, availability and outage durations were calculated for routes between major city pairs for en route navigation and at representative terminal areas for nonprecision approach.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309052831/html/204.html (767 words)

	Volpe Center: Information Resources - Volpe Journal Summer 2000
		RAIM and FDE depend on the number and geometry of satellites visible to a user at a given location.
		RAIM availability is predictable and can be provided to a pilot during pre-flight planning.
		RAIM generally is associated with supplemental navigation, while FDE is associated with primary means navigation.
	www.volpe.dot.gov /infosrc/journal/summer00/gps.html (3500 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Automatically verify (via the RAIM prediction function defined in paragraph a(3)(xv)4a) that satellite vehicle geometry will be suitable during non-precision approaches to enable the RAIM function to be available upon arrival at the final approach fix and the missed approach point.
		If RAIM is not predicted to be available, the equipment shall indicate the inability to conduct an approach by means of a navigation warning flag on the navigation display.
		If the RAIM function is not predicted to be available during the approach, or if the approach has not been enabledmode is not active at a distance of 2 nm inbound to the final approach fix, the equipment shall provide an indication that approach navigation is not provided.
	www.boeing.com /commercial/caft/cwg/gnss/tsoc129a.doc (11570 words)

	Laboratorio de Imagen, UDIAT CD - RAIM Java: Radiological Archive and Image Management
		Raim Java is a medical image viewer developed entirely using JAVA technology, which means it can be used on virtually any computer with any graphic operating system.
		If RAIM is used for diagnosis, we recommend using monitors especially designed for this use (high resolution, high brightness and contrast, etc.), together with an appropriate video card to take full advantage of the monitor’s features.
		For other uses, we recommend a standard monitor that provides enough resolution to work with the different kinds of images to be viewed.
	www.cspt.es /webcspt/cimd/raim_javaang.htm (496 words)

	Global Navigation System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		RAIM is a software algorithm that is available in some GPS receivers which gives an indication if the position solution given by the GPS receiver is OK to use.
		The RAIM availability (or ability of a GPS receiver to provide a RAIM warning) is dependent on the number of satellites available or in view by the GPS receiver.
		The times at which the RAIM outages begin are given in each of the cells where a RAIM outage has been identified.
	www.airways.co.nz /airways_services/global_nav_2.asp (840 words)

	Safety Advisor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A RAIM algorithm works by overdetermining position using at least five satellites or four satellites and a baro altitude input from an encoding altimeter or altitude encoder.
		The RAIM alarm limit for en route operations is 30 seconds; for nonprecision approaches, it's 10 seconds, meaning the receiver must be capable of detecting an integrity fault in that amount of time.
		If a RAIM alarm is active, the receiver will continue to navigate in en route mode, but it will not operate in approach mode until the RAIM limitation is resolved.
	www.asy.faa.gov /safety_products/GPSSafetyAdv.htm (7439 words)

	RAIM Prediction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		NOTE: If this message is displayed it means the KLN 94 has determined that there will not be enough integrity monitoring for the leg between the FAF and the MP, or, RAIM is not currently available.
		In this case, the GPS will not go into the approach active mode and you will not be able to finish the approach utilizing GPS because there is insufficient integrity monitoring.
		The example shows that RAIM is available from the ETA until 15 past the ETA and is not available for the period of 15 minutes prior to the ETA.
	www.zdpublishing.com /raim_prediction.html (263 words)

	WHO ARE WE -
		RAIM Group is a company specializing in the collection of B2B data through telephone interviewing.
		RAIM has a global reputation for its excellence in high-end telephone interviewing projects amongst healthcare specialists.
		This has been built through the years by using proven and disciplined processes, combining with our fieldworker quality, RAIM brings exceptional value for its clients.
	www.randa-int.com (95 words)

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