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	Encyclopedia: Rain follows the plow
		Rain follows the plow is the conventional name for a now-debunked theory of climatology that was popular throughout the American West during the late 19th century.
		The basic premise of the theory was human habitation, in particular agriculture through homesteading, effected a permanent change in the climate of arid and semi-arid regions.
		A common idea was that the plowing of the soil for cultivation exposed the soil's moisture to the sky.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Rain-follows-the-plow (1270 words)

	Definition of index.php?search=plow&limit=20&offset=40 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		His territories for sales of the plow were the states of Maine and Georgia.
		To plow the heavy clay soil of Suffolk, the farmers neede...
		The slogan "rain follows the plow " was created to describe this belief.
	www.wordiq.com /knowledge/index.php?search=plow&limit=20&offset=40 (353 words)

	Henry Lansford's home page
		"Rain follows the plow" was the slogan of those who professed to believe that breaking ground for agriculture somehow altered precipitation processes to bring more rainfall.
		As a result of an over-optimistic perception of the climate of the plains based on the "rain follows the plow" hypothesis, thousands of Great Plains farmers were ruined by the Dust Bowl drought, and millions of acres of land were terribly damaged by wind erosion.
		Thus it does not seem overly hasty to conclude, at least tentatively, that inaccurate popular perceptions of the climate of the Great Plains in the 1800s were a major determinant of federal agricultural and economic policies that were established in the 1930s and are still dominant in the 1970s.
	www.nasw.org /users/hlansford/hist.html (2450 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Egypt
		The overflow is due principally to the torrents of rain that fall almost uninterruptedly in Abyssinia during the four months of summer and swell the Blue Nile (Astapus), which discharges into the Nile proper, or White Nile, at Khartûm.
		It was followed at close range by motley hordes of immigrants from the islands and the northern shores of the Mediterranean, "peoples of the sea", as the Egyptians called them.
		The sacred bark follows the eternal river, and, unretarded, the god passes slowly through the kingdom of the night, conquering his foes, solacing his faithful worshipers, only, however, to renew his course over the upper hemisphere, as bright, as vivifying, as beautiful as ever.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05329b.htm (18408 words)

	Drought Follows the Plow - Michael H. Glantz
		Almost a century ago the belief that "rain follows the plow" was a popular one that accelerated population movements into the region now known as the American Great Plains.
		Until the mid-1800s, this region was considered a wasteland, useless for agriculture and human settlement, an inhospitable obstacle to settlers in search of the promised land in the western part of the North American continent.
		It seemed that much of the support for the assumption of a causal relationship between rain and population was simply exaggeration by the railroads and other land speculators, intent on selling land at higher prices than it was worth.
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/1988/april/Sa13622.htm (305 words)

	Enjoy the hot wrath of La Ni¤a
		To be sure, we don't expect much, living as we do in the rain shadow formed by the highest range in the Rocky Mountains, but at midpoint of an average year, his gauge would have shown about 4 inches of water from the sky.
		"Rain follows the plow," some argued, and indeed, there were wet years in the early 1880s as much of the West came under cultivation by hopeful homesteaders.
		Sure, some rain would be nice, but La Ni¤a -- especially if she inspires some combustion near those gated ridgeline trophy home developments -- could be an important ally in the struggle to keep the West livable.
	www.custerguide.com /quillen/eqcols/19987074.htm (814 words)

	Plow - Definition of plow - WordReference.com Dictionary
		Plow, for making it possible for people to get where they're going She means, of course, the Mr.
		Operators of snow plow trucks from every city and county in Iowa are invited to Each team will examine a snow plow truck to find vehicle defects.
		He had a plow fitted with a wooden moldboard of his design and reported to A full-scale model of a plow with Jefferson's moldboard is on display at the
	www.thensearch.com /?q=plow (629 words)

	Snow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Most roads are pushed back 3 or 4 times before the plow trucks have completed their routes.
		If the weather is calling for snow turning to freezing rain, try to wait and shovel your driveway after the freezing rain stops.
		It is difficult during the snow storms for snow plow drivers to determine the exact center of the road so one side of the street may end up with a little more snow than the other side.
	www.hampdpw.org /streets/snow/snow_facts.htm (332 words)

	County Seat Controversies in Southwestern Kansas by Henry F. Mason, February 1933
		was "the rain follows the plow." The theory that the general enlargement of the crop area in the longitude of eastern Kansas had tended gradually to push the eastern boundary of the semiarid belt farther west was at least entitled to serious consideration.
		This vast plain, that had dried and baked in the winds and suns of centuries, had been here and there scratched with the plow of the settler, and the idea was not too grotesque for general acceptance that this infinitesimal disturbance of its surface had worked,a miracle worthy of omnipotence.
		They had followed Robinson into the neutral strip with the unlawful purpose of kidnapping him, for obviously the warrant in the hands of Short conferred no authority to make an arrest outside of the state.
	www.kancoll.org /khq/1933/33_1_mason.htm (8099 words)

	OKIE :: FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Topsoil across millions of acres were blown away because the indigenous sod had been broken for wheat farming.
		After the land had been stripped of its natural vegetation, the ecological balance of the plains was destroyed, leaving nothing to hold the soil when the rains dried up and the winds came in the 1930s.
		With their crops ruined, lands barren and dry, and homes foreclosed for unpayable debts, thousands of farm families loaded their belongings in beat-up Fords and followed Route 66 to California.
	www.splammer.com /?req=okie (458 words)

	Kansas History ONLINE
		The emigrants planted corn and wheat, reaping excellent harvests, and the precipitation totals seemed to lend credence to the contemporary scientific theory proffered by the region’s boosters that &#8220;rain follows the plow.”; This belief, of course, had no basis in fact – the mid-1880s had merely coincided with an unusually wet cycle on the plains.
		The tenets of dry farming, which was heralded as an advance in “scientific” and “rational” agriculture, included deep plowing in the fall, “packing” the subsoil, cultivating quickly after rains, “dust mulching” after rain showers, and summer fallowing.
		Whereas the moldboard plows it replaced had turned the soil over in large, unbroken clods, the new disk plow ground the soil as it rolled along.
	www.kansashistoryonline.org /ksh/ArticlePage.asp?artid=104 (6544 words)

	Canaanite/Ugaritic Mythology FAQ, ver. 1.2
		She is said to be under Mot 's influence when Baal is preoccupied with his lack of a palace and not raining.
		Later he follows a disguised Anat to Qart-Abilim but presumably thwarts her new scheme to acquire his bow and lives there for a time, possibly under the favor of Yarikh.
		Following his death, the land is poisoned and there is a period of famine and drought.
	home.comcast.net /~chris.s/canaanite-faq.html (6399 words)

	PBS - THE WEST - Rain Follows the Plow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		PBS - THE WEST - Rain Follows the Plow
		[the plow] is the instrument which separates civilization from savagery; and converts a desert into a farm or garden....
		To be more concise, Rain follows the plow.
	www.pbs.org /weta/thewest/program/episodes/seven/rainfollows.htm (242 words)

	The Weather Notebook: Wild Western Weather (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		But the white settlers who followed were really in for a meteorological shock when they pushed West into the Great Plains.
		Rain was the element of Western weather that created the deepest misconception.
		Settlers were lured to the Plain states by bogus claims that "rain follows the plow." They came in droves during the unusually moist 1870s, only to see their farms dry up and blow away when a ten-year drought struck in the 1880s.
	www.weathernotebook.org /transcripts/2001/04/05.html (217 words)

	UC Berkeley Center for Forestry: Horace Lecture
		The conservation idea, I should like to suggest, is as broad and as complex as modern life itself and we must follow Gifford Pinchot's lead and adapt it to the resource problems of our generation if we are to perform our stewardship role properly.
		This rationalization is potentially as destructive as the mischievous rain follows-the-plow slogan of those who a few decades ago turned the land of the Great Plains into a Dust Bowl.
		Following combat service in the 15th Air Force during World War II, he resumed his education at the University of Arizona and received his law degree in 1948.
	www.cnr.berkeley.edu /forestry/lectures/albright/1963udall.html (5840 words)

	The Past and Present Farming Frontier
		The problem, he said, was that rain would hit the hard sod and run off and into the rivers.
		He based this claim on "scientific" evidence that purportedly proved that "rain follows the plow." The myth of the Garden undermined the idea that the West was the "Great American Desert" and convinced many American farmers that they could prosper on the Plains.
		By the time the act had become law, however, the growing season was well underway, and the AAA encouraged farmers to plow under their abundant crops.
	www.colorado.edu /AmStudies/lewis/west/farmf.htm (1250 words)

	Eco-Beat
		Or perhaps the problem lies in our continuing belief in that most optimistic of Western boosterisms, "rain follows the plow." Wrong again, both literally and metaphorically.
		We see it through green-tinted lenses, imposing customs and practices developed for landscapes where rain is both more predictable and more abundant.
		When the wind blows in my town, a veil of grit appears on my door and windowsills, a gift of the formerly vacant industrial property across the alley where my husband and I are building our new house.
	www.sandovalsignpost.com /jun02/html/eco-beat.html (977 words)

	Professional Surveyor Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Conventional wisdom in the west at the time held that &#147;rain follows the plow.”; The notion was that the planting of crops and the planting of trees would alter the western climate for the better, meaning ever increasing rainfall and ever higher crop yields.
		In that sense, he was a self-made man. He let his interests and his belief in public service for the public good (as opposed to personal notoriety), guide his development as a true Renaissance man of science.
		Those who went on that trip and those who would follow the Major on his journeys or build upon his ideas did so for the experience, for the chance to see the West, to formulate their ideas, and to serve at Powell’s side.
	www.profsurv.com /ps_scripts/article.idc?id=1329 (1045 words)

	Dust Bowl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A Nebraska scientist, Samuel Aughey, extrapolated in 1880 on the slogan, "Rain Follows The Plow:" "...after the soil is broken, a rain as it falls is absorbed by the soil like a huge sponge." Then the soil evaporates a little moisture into the atmosphere each day, receiving it back at night as a heavy dew.
		Stories were also repeated that artillery fire such as at the Battle of Gettysburg, contributed to the heavy rains that followed.
		These included lister plowing, where furrows were cut deep for windbreaks, chiseling, planting of hardy plants like kaffir and Sudan grass, and spreading the sand out in thin patches to allow the wind to redeposit it.
	freespace.virgin.net /john.cletheroe/usa_can/usa/dbowl2.htm (5013 words)

	Westerns and Pioneer - List of Books and Order Form
		Reported with gaiety and courage, this is an account of homesteading and the hardships of pioneer life.
		The bandit Rojas followed Mercedes Casteneda into the desert, but Texas ranger Thorne was sworn to protect her.
		More excitement follows as the family settles on a small ranch at the edge of the badlands.
	www.nlc.state.ne.us /tbbs/wpbooksorder.html (7834 words)

	Water Development, Extraction, and Diversion on the Colorado Plateau (page 4 of 6)
		A period of favorable climatic conditions from 1865 through the late 1870’s encouraged the expansion of humans across the plains and into the dry western section of the country.
		The coincidence of increased rains and the expanding frontier were interpreted as being related to each other.
		This New Meteorology claimed that "the rain follows the plow,"--that is that settlement was actually changing the climate, further encouraging widespread homesteading in even the driest and harshest regions of the West.
	www.cpluhna.nau.edu /Change/waterdevelopment4.htm (821 words)

	j f l e c k : : a t : : i n k s t a i n: More on Jefferson on Climate
		The full text is here (search on "Beck", second occurrence), a July 16, 1824 letter from Jefferson to one Lewis Beck, who had apparently sent Jeffeson something he had written on the climate of the west.
		Years are requisite for this, steady attention to the thermometer, to the plants growing there, the times of their leafing and flowering, its animal inhabitants, beasts, birds, reptiles and insects; its prevalent winds, quantities of rain and snow, temperature of fountains, and other indexes of climate.
		We want this indeed for all the States, and the work should be repeated once or twice in a century, to show the effect of clearing and culture towards changes of climate.
	www.inkstain.net /fleck/archives/001082.html (247 words)

	::: wood s lot ::: May 1 - 15, 2005
		As men have often forsaken the plow and the anvil at the summons of war, let women now leave all that may be left of home for a great and earnest day of counsel.
		Doorstop follows doorstop; each tome celebrates the canniest and most pragmatic of the Founders as the first great thinker of America.
		rain falls on the leaves and in the distance I hear an old song from the woods; woods which I once had travelled and revisited, but I didn't step into the hall, where the song was sung; for a long time the keys have fallen silent.
	www.ncf.ca /~ek867/2005_05_01-15_archives.html (8910 words)

	Marvin's Gardens - 1878
		According to a report in the Graduate Magazine, during the University’s first decade, “Mount Oread was bare save for tufts of prairie grass.” The situation began to change when Marvin, “who had an interest in arboriculture,” became chancellor.
		Following his first major tree-planting initiative in March 1878, Marvin undertook what would in retrospect be his most important horticultural project later that year.
		With the assistance of N.P. Deming, a friend from the Douglas County Horticultural Society, Marvin sought to seed fl walnut trees in an area then known as North Hollow (present-day Marvin Grove) sometime in the fall of 1878.
	www.kuhistory.com /proto/story.asp?id=306 (3708 words)

	USDA Forest Service, Arapaho & Roosevelt National Forests, Pawnee National Grassland History
		By 1905 to approximately 1910, the rains returned to the grasslands and settlers migrated to the area in even greater numbers.
		Over 35 percent of the land was plowed, forcing most of the large stockmen out of the area.
		The USFS specifies the revegetation procedures to be followed by the private operators while conducting their exploration, drilling and production activities.
	www.fs.fed.us /r2/arnf/about/history/pawnee/index.shtml (2511 words)

	The Complete Guide to Country Living
		The optimal location for the main garden is on fertile, well-drained soil with a slight slope to the southeast and downhill from a water source.
		The house follows the vegetable garden, should be within steps of the garden, which is ideally just outside the back door.
		The fruit orchard need not be a separate entity; fruit trees scattered throughout the garden and the home circle area work fine, will be safer from deer, coons, possums, may be less vulnerable to insects.
	www.ruralize.com /CompleteGuide.html (12066 words)

	PartV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The railroads, in addition to advertising, sent agents throughout the eastern United States and western Europe with inflated stories of the "flowery meadows of great fertility clothed in nutritious grass, and watered by numerous streams." The first years after the transcontinental railroad was completed the West had an unusual amount of precipitation.
		Congress seized on this and developed the theory that "rain follows the plow." In other words as settlement progressed the rain would come.
		A number of factors entered into the swelling tide westward - mainly the availability of land just when Easterners were feeling a "land pinch." Land was taken up in full all the way to the Mississippi and there was none nearby for grown sons and their families.
	www.geocities.com /arizona1900/PartV.html (2738 words)

	Metal Detector Stories - Farmsteads, Our Past
		When the ground is tilled in the spring and a rain follows, there are shards of broken glass or ceramic remnants that leave a trail for us to follow.
		The farmers themselves are good sources of information because they cursed for years the foundation stones they keep turning up with their plow, as well as the nails they've pulled from their tires.
		Without a doubt, you'll find more relics and junk around farmsteads than you would in the town square, but the chances of finding older coins and other interesting items is excellent.
	www.thomasathomas.com /Metal_Detector_Stories_-_Farmsteads,_Our_Past.htm (657 words)

	Nebraska Her Resources, Advantages, Advancement & Promises
		On the high prairies the land is a rich fl mold, ten to thirty inches deep, underlaid with a yellowish formation known as the "loess," and from ten to one hundred feet in depth.
		Immediately after a rain, six inches square was marked out in a plowed field and the soil taken up to the depth of a foot and carefully weighed.
		Abundant rains give a full supply of soft water, and cisterns can be cheaply made by cementing directly on the firm earth walls.
	www.rootsweb.com /~neresour/OLLibrary/NERA/index.htm (6693 words)

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