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Topic: Rajaraja Chola

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	Rajaraja Chola I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Rajaraja conquered the kingdoms of southern India and the Chola Empire expanded as far as Sri Lanka in the south, and Kalinga (Orissa) in the northeast.
		Rajaraja invade Vengi in 999 C.E. to restore Saktivarman to the Eastern Chalukya throne.
		Rajaraja died in 1014 C.E. at and was succeeded by Rajendra Chola I.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http://articles.gourt.com/%22http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DRajaraja (3575 words)

	Chola dynasty - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		At its peak, the Chola Empire stretched from the island of Sri Lanka in the south to the Godavari basin in the north.
		Chola navies invaded and conquered Srivijaya in the Malayan archipelago.
		Throughout this period, the Cholas were constantly troubled by the ever-resilient Sinhalas, who attempted to overthrow the Chola occupation of Lanka, Pandya princes who tried to win independence for their traditional territories, and by the growing ambitions of the Chalukyas in the western Deccan.
	en.wikipedia.ifc.com.pl /wiki/Cholas (5978 words)

	A history of the Chola empire or Chola-mandalam
		During the reign of the Chola kings between the 9th and the 13th centuries of the common era, the Chola dynasty was the dominant cultural, artistic, religious and political force in the south of India.
		At the beginning of the Chola period, brick was abandoned in favor of stone as the medium for temple construction.
		However, it was not as extensive as in the days of Rajaraja I and Rajendra I. When the Pandya monarchs to the south increased in strength and a group of feudatory chieftains aggressively pursued power in the 13th century, the Chola empire shrank to the region around Tanjavur.
	www.cosmopolis.ch /english/cosmo40/chola_mandalam_empire.htm (855 words)

	Thanjavur Tour, Pilgrimage to Thanjavur, Thanjavur Religious Tour, Religious Tours of South India
		Built by the Chola king Rajaraja I in the 11th century, it is one of the tallest temples in the world.
		Rajaraja Chola, like other Chola rulers, was a great patron of art and architecture.
		Sama Varma was the chief architect of the Chola court and was commissioned by Rajaraja Chola to build the House of God.
	www.indiantravelportal.com /tamil-nadu/pilgrimage/thanjavur.html (1692 words)

	Rajaraja, I Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Rajaraja I (reigned 985-1014) was possibly the greatest of the Cola kings of southern India.
		When Rajaraja (meaning "king of kings")took the throne, the Colas were still suffering the consequences of invasions from the Deccan earlier in the century.
		Rajaraja first reduced traditional Cera rivals in the southwest (present-day Kerala) and then subdued the Pandya contenders in the extreme south.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/rajaraja-i (397 words)

	Ceylon Tamils (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The kinship between the Jaffna kings and the Cholas is related in the Yalpana Vaipava Malai in the form of a myth.
		The Princess Maruthappiravikavalli, daughter of Thisaiyukkira Chola, was cursed with the face of a horse.
		There are no records of subsequent Chola kings exerting power beyond this date, so Rajalaksmi was either a descendant of the surviving titular head of the Cholas or the daughter of a descendant based in Lanka.
	www.ceylontamils.com /history/history3.php (1834 words)

	Rajaraja Cholan, The Great Chola King
		A brief introduction to the Later Cholas or the Thanjavur Cholas.
		Rajarajan inherited Chola and Kongu kingdoms and the Kanchi region, when he came to throne; the first comprising Thanjavur and Trichy regions, the second the Coimbatore region, the third country comprising of South & North Arcots and Chengalput regions.
		his son and grandson also married daughters of Chola kings, and it was the second of these rulers, the great Kulotunga I, who, in later years, claimed the Chola Kingdom as his mother heritage and established a new dynasty at Thanjavur.
	www.thanjavur.com /rajarajan.htm (887 words)

	Monuments of Thanjavur, Brihadeeswara Temple-Thanjavur India, UNESCO's World Heritage, Chola temples, Temple in ...
		The temple is the finest contribution of the Chola dynasty to the Dravidian style of temple architecture.
		The main tower occupies the center part of the rear square, with the center vimana or tower having 16 tiers, which rises to a height of 200 ft. The tower is considered to be symbolic of the mountain Meru.
		Rajaraja Chola crowned it with 12.5 ft tall finial of 9.25 kilograms of choppers plated with 800 grams of gold.
	www.indiaprofile.com /monuments-temples/brihadeeswaratemple.htm (655 words)

	CHOLA ART AND ARCHITECTURE
		The Imperial Chola rulers of Tanjore developed the Dravidian style of temple architecture almost to perfection.
		The Brihadeswara or Rajarajeswara Temple of Shiva in Tanjore built by Rajaraja Chola in 1010 A.D. is the largest and highest of Chola temples and stands as a symbol of Chola greatness.
		The hundred and eight dance poses of Shiva carved on the inner walls of this temple testify to the heights attained by the Cholas in the field of sculpture.
	indiapicks.com /annapurna/M_Chola.htm (414 words)

	Inscriptions of India, South-Indian Inscriptions @ whatisindia.com
		About 50 of them belong to Aditya Chola I. While it is difficult to differentiate inscriptions between Gandaraditya Chola and Sundara Chola, astronomical references in some inscriptions have enabled the identification of some of them to Gandaraditya Chola who seemed to have been assisted in Administration by his brother Arikulakesari also known as Arinjiya Chola.
		It carries inscriptions of Parthivendravarman, Parakesarivarman, Parakesarivarman Uttama Chola, Parantaka II, Rajakesarivarman, Madiraikonda Rajakesarivarman, Parakesarivarman Parantaka I, Rajakesarivarman Aditya I, Virarajendra I, Kulottunga Chola I, Vikrama Chola and Kulottunga Chola III.
		Volume 2 presents an introduction to Epigraphy, brief history of Rajaraja Chola I. It carries inscriptions of Rajaraja Chola I, Rajendra Chola I, Konnerinmaikondan, Thirumalaideva, and Mallapa Nayaka found in the Thanjavur Brihadeshwara Temple.
	inscriptions.whatisindia.com (995 words)

	Coins of Chola time
		A Chola kingdom is believed to have existed from the third century BC.
		Rajendra Chola 1012 -1044 took also the title Uttama Chola (II) and the coin could be attributed to him.
		Rajendra Chola also took the title Yuddhamalla and the coin could be attributed to him.
	www.tranquebar.dk /chola.htm (369 words)

	CHOLAS : Encyclopedia Entry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Edicts of Ashoka, issued around 250 BCE by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, mention the Cholas as recipients of his Buddhist prozelitism:
		After Rajendra Chola moved his kingdom to Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Thanjavur lost its importance.
		The age of Sangam is established through the correlation between the evidence on foreign trade found in the poems and the writings by ancient Greek and Romans such as Periplus.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Cholas (5835 words)

	Rajaraja Chola I in India
		Rajaraja Chola I was one of the most important kings of the Chola dynasty and ruled from 985 AD to 1014 AD.
		Rajaraja Chola was the first Indian king who established a navy.
		The Chola Empire became one of the supreme empires of South Asia during his reign.
	www.india9.com /i9show/Rajaraja-Chola-I-43363.htm (226 words)

	Rajaraja Chola I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rajaraja was also known by his birth name Arulmozhivarman came to the throne at the death of Uttama Chola after a long apprenticeship of a heir apparent.
		During the lifetime of his father Sundara Chola, Arulmozhi had carved a name for himself by his exploits in the battles against the Sinhala and Pandyan armies.
		We have no further details regarding this expedition, however this is a sufficient indication of the abilities of the Chola Navy, which was utilised so effectively under Rajendra I. Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Lanka.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rajaraja_Chola_I (3665 words)

	Chola Empire, Chola Bronze, Chola Dynasty, Cholas, About Chola
		The Cholas came to power in the late 9th century, and until the late 13th century, they ruled most of South India, Sri Lanka, the Maldive Islands, and even parts of the Indonesian island of Java from their homeland near Thanjavur (Tanjore) on the southeastern coast of what is now Tamil Nadu, India.
		The greatest among the Chola rulers were the imperialists Rajaraja (985-1014 AD) and his son Rajendra I (1012 1044 AD).
		Chola rulers were active patrons of the arts, and during their reign, poetry, drama, music, and dance flourished.
	www.lotussculpture.com /bronze_sculpture_chola_empire.htm (520 words)

	Lanka - RajaRaja Chola - Kahavanu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gold Madai of type known in Lanka as Kahavanu from the period of Chola occupation of Lanka by RajaRaja Chola (985-1014) of Thanjavur in TamilNadu.
		He goes into extensive discussions to establish that the Rajaraja Chola coins were the prototype to the "Standing and seated King" series associated with Lanka.
		The kahavanu coin was scanned at 300 dpi and displayed at 300 dpi, It was obtained in 2001 December from O. Sirisena an expert collector in Colombo, Lanka.
	lakdiva.org /coins/medievalindian/rajaraja_chola_kahavanu_au.html (481 words)

	Rajaraja Chola I Summary
		Tamil ruler of the Chola Empire in southern India who conquered Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka) and the Maldive Islands.
		Rajaraja enlarged and unified his realm, defeating a number of other kingdoms along the way.
		King Rajaraja Chola (in the background) and guru Karuvurar, Brihadeesvara temple, Tamil Nadu, 11th century.
	www.bookrags.com /Rajaraja_Chola_I (4063 words)

	India - RajaRaja Chola massa
		Rajaraja Chola (985-1014) invaded Lanka in 990 AD and conquered the northern half.
		The design and nature of the traditional Lanka type massa is the same as the older coins issued by RajaRaja Chola and probably used the same process of manufacture and metal composition
		I obtained a lot of 100 RajaRaja Chola Copper massa coins of Mainland type from a reputed dealer in USA.
	www.lakdiva.org /coins/medievalindian/rajaraja/massa_100coins.html (674 words)

	Tiru Usaattaanam Mantrapureeswarar -Usaattaanamudaiya Naayanaar Temple - Shivastalam
		This shrine is regarded as the 107th in the series of Tevara Stalams in the Chola Region south of the river Kaveri.
		Inscriptions from the period of the Chola rulers Vikrama Chola, Rajaraja III and Rajendra Chola III (12th -13th centuries) are found here.
		This Ambal temple was built in or around the year 1237, during the rule of Rajaraja Chola III.
	www.templenet.com /Tamilnadu/s044.html (262 words)

	Ancient City of Polonnaruwa - Medieval Coins of Polonnaruwa
		Gold Kahavanu of VijayaBahu I(1055_1110) issued after he freed Lanka from the period of Chola occupation of Lanka by RajaRaja Chola(985-1014).
		The asana usually is represented by a straight line from which four or five short lines project, or it is crossed by that number of lines; but it is faint or omitted.
		This coinage was probably initiated after Vijayabahu completed the expulsion of the Chola from Lanka in 1070/1.
	www.polonnaruwa.org /coins/vijayabahu-kahavanu.html (303 words)

	Rajaraja Museum - Chola Bronzes - Shiva Vrishabhavana and Parvati
		Rajaraja Museum - Chola Bronzes - Shiva Vrishabhavana and Parvati
		Shiva, with only two arms, stands with legs crossed in relaxed posture, his hair entwined with snakes.
		His right arm rested on Nandi, now missing.
	www.art-and-archaeology.com /india/thanjavur/rrm12.html (35 words)

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