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Topic: Ram Janmabhoomi movement

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	Ram
		Hari Ram Hari Ram was a Tibet, but his luck changed when he met a district official whose wife was ill. He examined her,...
		Ram accelerator A ram accelerator is a ramjet compression to accelerate a projectile to extremely high speeds.
		Ram Janmabhoomi Ram Janmabhoomi is a location in the Hindutva movement, argued for the mosque's destruction and the rebu...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/ram.html (599 words)

	Ram Janmabhoomi - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		In the late 20th century some Hindus, mostly associated with the nationalist Hindutva movement, argued for the destruction of the mosque, which had been unused, and the rebuilding of the temple.
		The Ram Janamasthan (Birth-place) temple was in existence in Ayodhya and it was far from Babri Masjid.
		The protagonists of Ram Janam Bhoomi claim that the fl pillars of Babari Masjid are the pillars of the temple of Vikramaditya and the same are made of Kasauti stone (touch - stone).
	www.iridis.com /Ram_Janmabhoomi (2357 words)

	A message and the medium
		The recent depositions of some of the architects of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement to the Liberhan Commission set up to inquire into the circumstances that led to the demolition of the Babri Masjid, indicates the nature of the retreat that the Sangh Parivar has had to make in the intervening years.
		Home Minister L.K. Advani, the lead communicator of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement, who almost single-handedly raised its mass pitch and tied its goals to the creed of violence, today speaks of his sense of "pain" as he witnessed the destruction of the mosque on December 6, 1992.
		To observers of and participants in the media coverage of the Ayodhya movement, the qualitative divide in the print media was quite simply one between reportage that was communal in its intent and choice of news, and that which was not.
	www.hinduonnet.com /fline/fl1809/18090790.htm (1358 words)

	Is the Ram Janmabhoomi movement anti-Muslim? Ashok Chowgule
		The Ram Janmabhoomi movement is the most important event of the post-independence era of India.
		However, at the intellectual level, the issues are perverted, and the whole movement is termed as a programme to teach Muslims of India a lesson.
		This is because the Babri structure, supposed to be a place of worship for the Muslims, was sought to be shifted and a temple for Lord Ram was to be built in its place.
	www.bjp.org /history/rjb-3.html (1666 words)

	Ram Janmabhoomi
		Ram Janmabhoomi is a location in the Indian city of Ayodhya which is believed by Hindus to be the birthplace of the god Rama.
		This mosque was built in the 16th century by a Muslim emperor, but according to some accounts it was built over an earlier Hindu temple.
		In the late 20th century some Hindus, mostly associated with the nationalist Hindutva movement, argued for the mosque's destruction and the rebuilding of the temple.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/ram_janmabhoomi (231 words)

	Excelsior... Nation
		Asserting that the Ram Janmabhoomi movement was a "defining moment" in contemporary Indian history, Deputy Prime Minister L.....
		Asserting that the Ram Janmabhoomi movement was a "defining moment" in contemporary Indian history, Deputy Prime Minister L K Advani today said BJP participated in the Temple agitation angered by the "duplicity and double standard" of the Congress.
		"For the BJP, participation in Ram Janmabhoomi movement was not prompted by religiosity, we were angered by the duplicity and double standard of the then Congress Government and used the occassion to initiate a much needed debate on secularism in India", he said.
	www.dailyexcelsior.com /web1/04apr07/national.htm (6128 words)

	Of waffling and double-speak
		If Advani's reaffirmation of the political, rather than religious role of the BJP in the Ram Janmabhoomi movement was in conformity with his role as Home Minister, what was surprising was his criticism of the BJP's "White Paper" on Ayodhya - whose authorship he refused to disclose - and his new-found respect for the judiciary.
		From 1986, the BJP sustained itself on the single issue of Ram mandir and came to be known as the Ram Janmabhoomi party.
		Its rise was further aided by the decay of the Nehruvian enterprise, the emergence of the new middle class in urban and semi-urban regions, and the anti-minority hysteria in the upper-middle class which sustained itself on a vague perception of threat to the majority culture.
	www.thehindu.com /thehindu/fline/fl1811/18110310.htm (1331 words)

	Shri Ram Janmabhoomi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Ram over Babar: Is Narasimha Rao preparing to do a deal with militant Hindus?
		BJP’s White Paper on Ayodhya and The Rama Temple Movement (Excerpt)
		The summary of the VHP/AIBMAC dialogue in the year 1990-91 as made by the Government itself
	hvk.org /ram (137 words)

	Ayodhya And After - Chapter 9 - Secularism and India's Integrity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Secularists go on lambasting the Ram devotees that with their Janmabhoomi demand they cannot expect the minorities to remain in India, that they are driving the minorities to separatism.
		The one thing that all these separatist movements without exception have in common at the ideological level, is their hatred of Hinduism.
		Postulating a causal link between Ram Janmabhoomi and Khalistani terrorism, is just a ploy to lay the blame for their communalist crimes at someone else's door.
	koenraadelst.bharatvani.org /books/ayodhya/ch9.htm (3122 words)

	STATEMENT BY DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER
		In 1990, I began the Ram rath yatra from Somnath, hoping to conclude it in Ayodhya.
		For the BJP, participation in the Ram Janmabhoomi movement was not prompted by religiosity.
		Mahatma Gandhi used the term Ram Rajya to describe the state of perfect harmony between the citizen and the state.
	www.bjp.org /mobilemedia/press06.htm (570 words)

	Ayodhya and After - Chapter 15 - The Hindu Movement After Ayodhya
		The attention which in a symbolic moment like the present Janmabhoomi-building is given to the symbolizing entity, Ram, is itself a local-temporal representation of the general attention given to the symbolized entity, the Dharma.
		When some secularists have said that the Ram Janmabhoomi movement was not truly a Hindu movement, they were right in the sense that it was a consciousness movement.
		The campaign for the Ram Mandir, while important in symbolic terms, is unlikely to be a substitute for a comprehensive, alternative philosophy.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/ayodhya/ch15.htm (9792 words)

	rediff.com: The Year That Was -- A slide show (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Paramhans, who died on July 31, headed the Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas and was also head of the revered Digambar Akhara in Ayodhya.
		Since then, he was a leading figure in the movement to form a temple, at one point even threatening self-immolation if the central government did not agree to build the shrine.
		It was in acknowledgement of his contribution and stature that he was asked to head the Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas.
	specials.rediff.com /news/2003/dec/20yesld1.htm (226 words)

	Ram Janmabhoomi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Ram Janmabhoomi refers to a tract of land in the North Indian city of Ayodhya which is believed by Hindus to be the birthplace of the Hindu deity Rama.
		It is located in Ayodhya in the state of Uttar Pradesh and has unfortunately found itself at the epicentre of communal politics in modern India.
		It was commonly believed, by certain sections in India, until about 1990 that an ancient Ram Janmabhoomi temple was demolished and replaced with the Babri Mosque which stood on the site until 1992.
	toshare.dynup.net /en/Birthplace_of_Rama.htm (3887 words)

	Ayodhya and After - Chapter 5 - Ram Janmabhoomi Politics
		The propensity to indulge in silly and reprehensible rumours is of course encouraged by the stress on emotionalism (quite different from the normal Hindu cool) and the lack of factual information and ideological education of which the Ram Janmabhoomi movement has suffered on some occasions.
		In different quarters, the mood was increasingly in favour of hijacking the Janmabhoomi movement rather than suppressing it.
		No matter who would lay the actual bricks of the Ram Mandir, the credit for that change of mood in favour of the Mandir certainly goes to the Ram Bhaktas who were there in Ayodhya in the autumn of 1990.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/ayodhya/ch5.htm (4329 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Nation
		Ram Janmabhoomi Mukti Andolan leader and former BJP MP Mahant Avaidyanath today told the Liberhan Commission that the Congress had tried to use controversial godman Chandraswami and Dwarkapeeth Shankaracharya Swami Swaroopanandji Maharaj to take control of the Ramjanmabhoomi Movement.
		Ram Janmabhoomi Mukti Andolan leader and former BJP MP Mahant Avaidyanath today told the Liberhan Commission that the Congress had tried to use controversial godman Chandraswami and Dwarkapeeth Shankaracharya Swami Swaroopanandji Maharaj to take control of the Ramjanmabhoomi Movement (RJBM).
		Meanwhile, Mahant Baba Dharam Das, the main trustee of the Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas, today accused VHP leaders of misappropriating the funds of the trust and demanded its dissolution.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2002/20020512/nation.htm (2751 words)

	Ayodhya: Dynamo in saffron, Aug 10, 2003 The Week (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		The death of Ramchandra Paramhans, 90, chief of the Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas,
		Sants and ram bhakts alike accused the shiladaan movement to be a fiasco, devised to "deceive ram bhakts for political interests".
		Mahant Gyandas, of Hanuman Gari, a prominent religious seat in Ayodhya, accused him of "hijacking the temple movement and deceiving the common man in the name of lord Ram".
	www.the-week.com /23aug10/events13.htm (377 words)

	GN Online: Togadia to take over as VHP chief
		Facing flak over his inept handling of the rally of the organisation at Ayodhya, which was foiled by the Uttar Pradesh government, the VHP supremo and its working president Ashok Singhal has announced his decision to hand over reins of the organisation to Dr. Praveen Togadia, a firebrand activist and a former surgeon.
		The recent death of Mahant Ramchandra Param-hans, chief of the Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas (trust) and subsequent appointment of Mahant Nirtya Gopal Das are also seen as personal setbacks for Singhal.
		Das had also said that he along with Mahant Avaidyanath, overall chief of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement was opposed to holding the failed Ayodhya rally, suggesting the correct venue for the gathering should have been New Delhi.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/print.asp?ArticleID=101149 (542 words)

	Ambiguity as strategy
		When Narasimha Rao was asked by the Commission to throw light on the opinion-makers or leaders of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement, he said that he was not aware of them.
		In the same year, the Ram Janmabhoomi Mukti Yagna Samiti, formed under the leadership of Mahant Avaidyanath, launched the 'tala kholo' agitation.
		For instance, when he was asked by Commission's counsel Anupam Gupta whether the BJP was the executor or the decision-maker in the movement, he said emphatically that the party was a participant.
	www.thehindu.com /fline/fl1907/19070170.htm (1489 words)

	Witness in temple case attacks VHP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		When the counsel asked whether or not it is correct that Swamy Ram Bhadra Charya is the Jagatguru of Ramanandi sect the witness stated that it is absolutely wrong.
		In reply to another question the witness stated that Mahant Ram Kewal Das of the Nirmohi Akhara had later filed an affidavit stating that he had signed the document under pressure from Ashok Singhal and not out of his free will and therefore the document is invalid.
		The witness stated that in legal terms the Sri Ram Janmabhoomi temple comes under the management of the Nirmohi Akhara and not the Sri Ram Janmabhoomi Trust run by the VHP.
	web.mid-day.com /news/nation/2003/september/63745.htm (398 words)

	Daily Excelsior....News Page
		The only penance for it, the meeting said, was the return of the 43-acre land acquired by the Government to the Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas paving the way for the contruction of the temple.
		Despite the Government’s "oppression", the Ram Janmabhoomi Movement was intact and resolute to build the temple in Ayodhya, it said.
		Relying on Government assurances harmed the Ayodhya movement and March 15 Shiladan programme failed because it was running on political crutches and mass mobilisation for it could not be done, the VHP said.
	www.dailyexcelsior.com /02june23/news.htm (5521 words)

	rediff.com: Ram temple movement leader attacked
		Vishwa Hindu Parishad leader and vice-president of the VHP-backed Ram Janmabhoomi Trust Mahant Nritya Gopal Das Maharaj and four others were on Monday injured in a bomb attack at Ahilya Ghat on the bank of Saryu river in Ayodhya, VHP sources said.
		Media in-charge of the VHP Sharad Sharma said it was the second attack on a VHP leader within a year and demanded restoration of security to Nritya Gopal Das, which was withdrawn by the government on May 10.
		Another VHP leader, Mahant Ram Chandra Paramhansa, had been the target of an attack at the Faizabad district hospital in May last year.
	www.rediff.com /news/2001/may/28ram.htm (270 words)

	Sword of Truth Archives -- VHP On The Right Path (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		But the fact is otherwise, today, Hindu movement is a living moment, and BJP has actually captured Delhi comfortably.
		Perhaps, this is the real freedom struggle, and five hundred years hence, when history books are written, Ram Janmabhoomi will be researched and written about more, and will be seen as a dawn of new era than the fractured "free" country which Nehru and his co conspirators managed to give us.
		I am sure that there are several Indians and other sane people who pray for success of efforts of VHP and others in showing Christians their proper place and spread the light of Hinduism.
	www.swordoftruth.com /swordoftruth/archives/readersvoice/vhpotrp.html (311 words)

	Indian Express: Centre pressurised on temple issue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		The MP, who is founder president of the Bajrang Dal and one of the architects of the Ram Janmabhoomi temple movement, does not seem to be bothered about the National Agenda formulated by the ruling coalition, which excludes contentious issues like Article 370 and Ayodhya temple.
		But I only want implementation of the BJP's agenda which is committed towards construction of a Ram Janmabhoomi temple in Ayodhya,'' he said.
		Katiyar claims to have "ignited'' the Ram Janmabhoomi temple agitation by organising a convention in Kanpur in 1983, adding that people like VHP general secretary Ashok Singhal joined in later.
	www.expressindia.com /ie/daily/19981008/28150324p.html (602 words)

	The Shiv Sena's games
		Only when the organisation was sure that the regime of Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao would not unleash state power to end the Ram Janmabhoomi agitation, it appears, did the Sena actually prepare for the communal pogrom that would rip Mumbai apart.
		On October 12, 1992, cadre of Sena shakha (branch) 106, armed with machetes, stones and soda water bottles, were engaged in war with the residents of the slums outside the main gate of Air-India Colony.
		The regions of these mobilisations, central to building support for the Ram Janmabhoomi movement, ranged from the working class Mazagaon docks to suave Colaba, and from the upmarket suburbs of Andheri and Juhu to lower middle class Mulund and Deonar.
	www.flonnet.com /fl1816/18160270.htm (2133 words)

	The Week (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Various historic developments helped the growth of Yadav power: Indian Independence and universal suffrage; the abolition of zamindari and some measure of land reforms; the Green Revolution; the decline of the Congress party; and finally the twin eruptions of the Mandal Commission report and the Ram Janmabhoomi movement.
		Finally, but most crucially, the Ram Janmabhoomi movement (1992), brought the OBCs an unexpected ally—the Muslim community, which broke its long-standing political ties with the upper castes when the latter started supporting the movement.
		In Uttar Pradesh the politicisation of Yadavs received another fillip with the appointment of Ram Naresh Yadav, hand-picked by Charan Singh, as chief minister after the Janata victory in 1977.
	www.the-week.com /24oct03/currentevents_article1.htm (1556 words)

	VHP not to campaign for Assembly polls - Sify.com
		He said the outfit would focus its attention on `Ram Janmabhoomi Movement and construction of Ram temple at Ayodhya.
		It would be a peaceful congregation of devotees, that would reach Ayodhya on October 16 and 17, `to build pressure on the government to hand over the Ram Janmabhoomi to VHP for constructing a Ram temple, Togadia said.
		Togadia also appealed the political parties, specially Congress, to frame a law on the issue of constructing a Ram temple in the country and urged its workers to join the temple movement, "as it was during the Congress rule that the locks of Ayodhya were opened and `shilanyas for the temple was performed".
	sify.com /news/fullstory.php?id=13268020 (284 words)

	A hysterical campaign
		An ocean of millions of Ram devotees is surging to Lord Ram's Ayodhya.
		On December 5, 1992, the Sena-run newspaper Saamna carried a rambling editorial defence of the Ram Janmabhoomi campaign, claiming that the "construction of the temple is the building of our nation".
		The Sena's intent was, clearly, to cash in on the climate of hatred generated by the Ram Janmabhoomi campaign and build support for its impending pogrom against the city's Muslims.
	www.flonnet.com /fl1817/18170440.htm (2170 words)

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