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| | The Sacred Year in Islam |
 | | The traditional names of the lunar months were taken over from pre-Islamic Arabian custom, while the customary dating of the Islamic calendar from the month of the Prophet Muhammad's crucial "exodus" from Mecca to Medina (hijra; in September 622 C.E.) was itself established by his second successor, the caliph Umar, soon after Muhammad's death. |
 | | The Islamic religious or hijra calendar followed by Muslims of all branches of Islam, throughout the world, is a pure lunar calendar of 12 months, based on the actual sighting of each new moon. |
 | | Commemorating, in particular, the revelation of the Qur'an-the source and central focus of Islamic religious life-the period of Ramadan is also widely consecrated to acts of devotion, charity, and spiritual retreat, especially to reading of the Qur'an and to collective gatherings for nightly readings of the Qur'an, prayers, and praises of the Prophet. |
| www.afsc.org /pwork/1299/1208.htm (1036 words) |
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