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Topic: Raman scattering

Related Topics

Raman spectroscopy

Brillouin Scattering

Scattering

Nonlinear optics

Thomson Scattering

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman

Rayleigh scattering

Compton scattering

Phonon

Electromagnetic spectroscopy

Kerr effect

Spectroscopy

Optical spectrum

Retroreflector

Infrared

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	Raman spectroscopy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It relies on inelastic scattering, or Raman scattering of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range.
		Spontaneous Raman scattering is typically very weak, and as a result the main difficulty of Raman spectroscopy is separating the weak inelastically scattered light from the intense Rayleigh scattered laser light.
		Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for this discovery, accomplished using filtered sunlight as a monochromatic source of photons, a colored filter as a monochromator, and a human eye as detector.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Raman_spectroscopy (928 words)

	Scattering: Tutte le informazioni su Scattering su Encyclopedia.it (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Un semplice esempio di scattering può essere l'urto contro una sfera rigida.
		Lo scattering Raman (dal nome del suo scopritore C.V. Raman che nel 1928 lo osservò per primo) è un esempio di scattering anelastico, ovvero di un urto fra particelle dove l'energia cinetica complessiva del sistema non si conserva (l'energia totale del sistema si conserva in tutti i tipi di urti).
		Si definiscono fenomeni di scattering multiplo quei casi dove le particelle (o la luce) subiscono, all'interno del mezzo, un numero molto alto di eventi di scattering.
	www.encyclopedia.it /s/sc/scattering.html (2728 words)

	Raman scattering - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Raman scattering or the Raman effect is the inelastic scattering of a photon which creates or annihilates an optical phonon.
		In 1922, Indian physicist Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman published his work on the "Molecular Diffraction of Light," the first of a series of investigations with his collaborators which ultimately led to his discovery of the radiation effect, on the 28th of February 1928 which bears his name.
		The distortion of a molecule in an electric field, and therefore the vibrational Raman cross section, is determined by its polarizability.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Raman_scattering (1130 words)

	Raman Spectroscopy Tutorial
		Scattering intensity is proportional to the square of the induced dipole moment, that is to the square of the polarizability derivative,
		Raman scatter is partially polarized, even for molecules in a gas or liquid, where the individual molecules are randomly oriented.
		The scattered intensity from non-totally symmetric vibrations is 3/4 as strong in the plane perpendicular to the plane of polarization of the incident light as in the plane parallel to it.
	www.kosi.com /raman/resources/tutorial (2108 words)

	Raman Scattering
		In this case the upper state is shown as being in rotational state J with scattering associated with an incoming photon at energy matching the J+2 state.
		Raman discovered the inelastic scattering phenomenon which bears his name in 1928 and for it he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930.
		Raman scattering produces scattered photons which differ in frequency from the radiation source which causes it, and the difference is related to vibrational and/or rotational properties of the molecules from which the scattering occurs.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/atmos/raman.html (594 words)

	Raman Spectroscopy
		Raman scattering is a powerful light scattering technique used to diagnose the internal structure of molecules and crystals.
		Raman scattered light is frequency-shifted with respect to the excitation frequency, but the magnitude of the shift is independent of the excitation frequency.
		The term "Raman scattering experimen" might well be shorthand for the determination of the selection rules for light-scattering from a sample, in the event that the incident and scattered light have different frequencies.
	www.physics.nist.gov /Divisions/Div844/facilities/raman/Ramanhome.html (3333 words)

	Raman Spectroscopy
		Raman Spectroscopy is based on the Raman effect, which is the inelastic scattering of photons by molecules.
		The energy of the scattered radiation is less than the incident radiation for the Stokes line and the energy of the scattered radiation is more than the incident radiation for the anti-Stokes line.
		The energy increase or decrease from the excitation is related to the vibrational energy spacing in the ground electronic state of the molecule and therefore the wavenumber of the Stokes and anti-Stokes lines are a direct measure of the vibrational energies of the molecule.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /public/chemistry/classes/chem4538/raman.htm (2082 words)

	CHP - Raman Spectroscopy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Raman spectroscopy is the measurement of the wavelength and intensity of inelastically scattered light from molecules.
		The Raman scattered light occurs at wavelengths that are shifted from the incident light by the energies of molecular vibrations.
		Because Raman scattering is a weak process, a key requirement to obtain Raman spectra is that the spectrometer provide a high rejection of scattered laser light.
	www.chem.vt.edu /chem-ed/spec/vib/raman.html (344 words)

	FAQs
		Classical concept of Raman scattering: When a beam of light interacts with a material, part of it is transmitted, part it is reflected, and part of it is scattered.
		The frequency differences between the incident and inelastically scattered radiation are determined by the properties of the molecules of which the material under study is made.
		The scattered radiation produced by the Raman effect contains information about the energies of molecular vibrations and rotations, and these depend on the particular atoms or ions that comprise the molecule, the chemical bonds connect them, the symmetry of their molecule structure, and the physico-chemical environment where they reside.
	epsc.wustl.edu /haskin-group/Raman/faqs.htm (574 words)

	Raman scattering -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Raman scattering is the (Click link for more info and facts about inelastic) inelastic scattering of a (A quantum of electromagnetic radiation; an elementary particle that is its own antiparticle) photon which creates or annihilates an optical (Click link for more info and facts about phonon) phonon.
		Raman received the (An annual award for outstanding contributions to chemistry or physics or physiology and medicine or literature or economics or peace) Nobel Prize in 1930 for his work on the scattering of light.
		This process can also be seen as a special case of (Click link for more info and facts about four wave mixing) four wave mixing, where the frequencies of the two incident photons are equal and the emitted spectra are found in two bands separated from the incident light by the phonon energies.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ra/raman_scattering.htm (643 words)

	SUB Göttingen - Dissertationen - Huang, Qing: Impurity-induced resonant Raman scattering in GaAs below the band ...
		For the one-phonon acceptor-induced Raman scattering, the resonances occur at the threshold of (e, Ao) and (Ao, X).
		The breakdown of selection rules is explained as due to q-relaxation in the scattering and the large Raman intensities are ascribed to the large oscillator strengths of the impurity-related interband transitions.
		The impurity-induced resonant Raman scattering signals overlap the impurity-related luminescence strongly at low temperature, thus it is necessary to analyze the influence of luminescence on the intensity and profile of the Raman scattering line.
	webdoc.sub.gwdg.de /diss/2000/huang (271 words)

	Scattering
		Raman scattering in optical fibres was the subject of my doctoral thesis.
		The measurements were made primarily to determine those frequency shifts at which the scattering is weak (has a minimum), so that Raman scattering might be eliminated from experiments in which two (or more) light beams propagate down the same fibre.
		The measurements are also absolute, that is the probability of a photon Raman scattering to a particular frequency shift after propagating down a metre of fibre was determined absolutely.
	www.phy.auckland.ac.nz /staff/daw/scattering.html (491 words)

	Thomas Devereaux: Recent Papers
		Raman scattering is presented for the half-filled Hubbard model in infinite dimensions.
		Raman scattering is presented for the simplest model that has a correlated metal-insulator transition---the Falicov-Kimball model, by employing dynamical mean field theory.
		Raman response is ``universal'' on the insulating side of the metal-insulator transition.
	www.science.uwaterloo.ca /~tpd/papers.htm (1426 words)

	Raman, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata
		This phenomenon is now called Raman scattering and is the result of the Raman effect.
		These so-called Raman frequencies are equal to the infrared frequencies for the scattering material and are caused by the exchange of energy between the light and the material.
		Raman was knighted in 1929, and in 1933 he moved to the Indian Institute of Science, at Bangalore, as head of the department of physics.
	www.britannica.com /nobel/micro/493_32.html (242 words)

	Miles V. Klein, UIUC Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He uses a form of spectroscopy called Raman scattering, which is essentially inelastic scattering of visible laser light, to study vibrational, electronic, and magnetic excitations in insulators, semiconductors and metals.
		The frequency shift suffered by the light in the scattering process is equal to the frequency of the excitation created in the sample.
		With his students, he found that the Raman response of the cuprate high-temperature superconductors mimics that from conventional superconductors, but there are also substantial differences.
	www.physics.uiuc.edu /People/Faculty/profiles/Klein (527 words)

	FRTR Field Sampling and Analysis Technologies Reference Guide
		Raman spectroscopy encompasses a variety of techniques that involve the detection and analysis of the scattering of radiation (see 6.2.17).
		Light that is a scattered in transparent solid due to vibrations (photons).
		Light that is scattered due to vibrations in molecules or optical phonons in solids.
	www.frtr.gov /site/6_2_18.html (179 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Spin resolved resonant Raman scattering measurements in Gd metal made by exciting x-ray resonant Raman scattering with circularly polarized x rays near the{ital L}{sub III} edge of Gd are presented.
		The incident photon energy was fixed at the peak of the 2{ital p}{r_arrow}4{ital f} quadrupolar transition, and the scattered photon was energy analyzed around the 3{ital d}{r_arrow}2{ital p} fluorescent energy.
		Asymmetry ratios in the scattered intensity much larger than that of the{ital L}{sub III} XMCD effect (x-ray magnetic circular dichroism) were observed upon reversal of the magnetization of the sample or the helicity of the photon.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=280101 (267 words)

	Kneipp - Recent Work #5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hyper-Raman scattering (HRS) is a non-linear effect which results in a scattering signal that is Raman shifted relative to the second harmonic of the excitation frequency.
		Since HRS has a very low scattering cross-section, the effect has not been used in practical spectroscopic applications.
		Hyper-Raman scattering will be enhanced in the vicinity of rough metal surfaces or colloidal metal particles in an analogous fashion to "normal" surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).
	ourworld.compuserve.com /Homepages/KatrinKneipp/kwk15h.htm (278 words)

	Single Molecule Detection from M.I.T. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Raman scattering would be a nearly perfect tool to overcome all these problems but extremely small cross sections of the effect preclude its use at single molecule level.
		However, this situation can be dramatically altered for surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
		Such Raman cross sections comparable with or higher than effective fluorescence cross sections are sufficient for single molecule Raman spectroscopy.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /Homepages/KatrinKneipp/SMDatMIT.htm (292 words)

	One-Dimensional Spontaneous Raman Measurements of Temperature
		In Raman spectroscopy, that characteristic interval is the frequency shift from the laser light-scattering source.
		The temperatures measured using the Raman technique compare favorably with theoretical temperatures determined from the flow parameters, as shown in the bottom graph.
		The theoretical temperature is 1560 K, and the Raman temperature is 1500 K. Right: Comparison of the bulk theoretical combustion temperature to the measured Raman temperature.
	www.lerc.nasa.gov /WWW/RT2001/5000/5830hicks.html (741 words)

	Net optical gain in a low loss silicon-on-insulator waveguide by stimulated Raman scattering
		We observe for the first time net optical gain in a low loss silicon waveguide in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based on stimulated Raman scattering with a pulsed pump laser at 1.545 µm.
		Liang and H. Tsang, “Role of free carriers from two-photon absorption in Raman amplification in silicon-on-insulator waveguides,” Appl.
		Golovchenko, P. Mamyshev, A. Pilipetskii, and E. Dianov, “Mutual influence of the parametric effects and stimulated Raman scattering in optical fibers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
	www.opticsexpress.org /abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-18-4261 (469 words)

	Process Instruments inc. Raman Scattering Technology
		Welcome to Process Instruments Inc, leading the market in Raman instrumentation and Raman laser Sources.
		We offer Raman analysis and chemometric model development for customers' samples.
		We have complete laboratory facilities to perform Raman analysis at many different excitation wavelengths and under many different environmental conditions.
	www.process-instruments-inc.com (77 words)

	UCSC Chemistry Dept., Faculty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chorny, I. Benjamin and G. Nathanson "Scattering, trapping and ionization of HCl at the surface of liquid glycerol", J.
		Vieceli and I. Benjamin, "Electron transfer at the interface between water and self-assembled monolayers" Chem.
		A.M. Schwartzberg, C.D. Grant, A. Wolcott, J.Z. Zhang, "Synthesis and optical characterization of novel gold nanoparticle aggregates for surafce-enhanced Raman scattering applications", SPIE Proc.
	www.chemistry.ucsc.edu /recent_pubs.html (3511 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		9 9ví8í8í8BB’!d 5>’!Chemistry 512 Scattering Methods (Raman Spectrometry) *CORRECTION TO IR LECTURE* For depth of penetration in ATR-IR, the correct equation is EMBED Equation.3 EMBED Equation.3 i.e., ratio of refractive indices in denominator should be squared!!!
		Can considered as transition between energy levels, but not real Virtual states, finite probability Closer virtual state to real state, higher probability Some scattering do not involve change in energy Re-randomize direction of incident beam Raman scattering does involve change in energy Two general cases of scattering Elastic and in-elastic Elastic Scattering Rayleigh ds
		(Type of scattering depends on size (ds) and (scatterer/(medium Scattering involves secondary emission Similar to reflection, refraction Scattering only occurs for ds
	www.chm.uri.edu /chm512/ramanspectroscopy.doc (425 words)

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