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Topic: Ramsden theodolite

	Theodolite - MSN Encarta
		Theodolite, instrument designed to measure the horizontal and vertical angles required in field surveying.
		It comprises two accurately calibrated arcs (the horizontal and vertical circles); a telescope, equipped with cross-hairs for sighting, and which can swivel in both a horizontal and vertical plane; and a means of reading the angular measurements.
		They became of great importance in the construction of original survey frameworks for topographic mapping, using the principle of triangulation, in which triangles are constructed from an accurately measured base line, and whose sides can then be computed from their internal angles by trigonometry.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_781539519/Theodolite.html (240 words)

	Ramsden theodolite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Ramsden theodolite is a large theodolite (American English: transit) which was specially constructed for use in the first Ordnance Survey of Southern Britain.
		The theodolite was commissioned from Jesse Ramsden, a leading Yorkshire instrument maker, who had developed the technique of dividing angular scales accurately to within a second of arc.
		Ramsden, who was elected to the Royal Society in 1786, also made important contributions to fields such as optics (the Ramsden eyepiece) and electrostatics (the Ramsden machine).
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Ramsden_theodolite (200 words)

	NOAA History - Stories and Tales of the Coast & Geodetic Survey - Technology Tales/Geodetic Surveys in the US The ...
		Ramsden's direction theodolite is certainly among the 4 or 5 greatest technological advances ever in geodetic surveying.
		Ramsden theodolite, an instrument of similar weight in the trigonometrical survey of Switzerland.
		A theodolite on loan from the Coast Survey was used for angle observations until its recall in 1834.
	www.history.noaa.gov /stories_tales/geodetic2.html (2041 words)

	Ramsden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Jesse Ramsden, the son of a Yorkshire innkeeper, was born on October 6, 1735.
		Ramsden's inventive genius led to the development of a new universal equatoreal, two new micrometers, and a new construction of eyeglasses.
		Ramsden was elected a member of the Royal Society in 1786 and of the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburgh in 1794.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/ramsden.html (1214 words)

	Ramsden.info - Listing of all things Ramsden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ramsden, a member of USS Lexington's crew throughout his career, remained at his exposed station, despite wounds, continuing to operate a range finder in the face of intense enemy strafing and dive-bombing attacks until he was killed in action.
		J W Ramsden is responsible for the land donation and an initial £500 for the construction of the Church of St John the Evangelist, Newsome, near Huddersfield, West Yorkshire in 1871-1872.
		Omar Ramsden is referred to as "quite possibly the best designer of silver working in the first half of the 20th century" in the outstanding catalog to the travelling Ramsden exhibition of 1992-4 "English Silver: Masterpieces by Omar Ramsden" from the Campbell Collection.
	www.ramsden.info /index.htm (1441 words)

	Ramsden.info — Jesse Ramsden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ramsden's major achievement was to invent a highly accurate "dividing engine"—the apparatus used to divide the scale into degrees and fractions of degrees.
		The Ramsden eyepiece is described at http://www.astro.uvic.ca/astrocourses/a200/a200/node32.html as a two-component eyepiece, consisting of a field lens and an eye lens.
		Ramsden's speciality was divided circles, which began to supersede the quadrants in observatories towards the end of the 18th century.
	www.ramsden.info /Ramsdens/JesseRamsden.htm (3114 words)

	Theodolite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A Theodolite is mounted on a tripod by means of a forced centering plate or tribrach, containing three thumbscrews for rapid levelling.
		The Ramsden theodolite was used over the next few years to map the whole of southern Britain by triangulation.
		Today's theodolites are usually equipped with integrated electro-optical distance measuring devices, allowing the measurement in one go of complete three-dimensional vectors -- albeit in instrument-defined polar co-ordinates -- which can then be transformed to a pre-existing co-ordinate system in the area by means of a sufficient number of control points.
	theodolite.iqnaut.net (857 words)

	NMAH \| Surveying & Geodesy \| Theodolite
		Theodolites of this sort, as well as others with a second pair of sight vanes affixed to the graduated circle, were soon in widespread use.
		While the telescopic theodolite was popular in England, Americans preferred the surveyorâ€™s compass and, later, the surveyorâ€™s transit, which were cheaper and more robust.
		In the transit theodolite, which originated in London in the 1840s, the telescope is transit mounted, with a vertical circle mounted at one side.
	americanhistory.si.edu /collections/surveying/type.cfm?typeid=19 (261 words)

	Theodolite - Avoo - Ask Us A Question - A theodolite is an instrument for measuring both horizontal and vertical ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A theodolite is an instrument for measuring both horizontal and vertical angles, as used in triangulation networks.
		A theodolite consists of a telescope mounted movably within two perpendicular axes, the horizontal or trunnion axis, and the vertical axis.
		A theodolite is a mounted tripod by means of a forced centering plate or tribrach, containing four thumbscrews for rapid levelling.
	www.pinolecaus.com /profile/Theodolite (1388 words)

	Brinkley Page 2
		This was Jesse Ramsden (1735-1800), famous as the improver of the sextant, as the constructor of the great theodolite used by General Roy in the English Survey, and as the inventor of the dividing engine for graduating astronomical instruments.
		After Ramsden had to some extent completed a 10-foot circle, he found such difficulties that he tried a 9-foot, and this again he discarded for an 8-foot, which was ultimately accomplished, though not entirely by himself.
		They had, however, assurances from Ramsden that the instrument would be completed within the year; but, alas for such promises, another seven years rolled on, and in 1799 the place for the great circle was still vacant at Dunsink.
	www.web-books.com /Classics/Nonfiction/Science/Astronomers/AstronomersC13P2.htm (1026 words)

	Geodetic Surveys
		Jesse Ramsden's theodolite with a 3 ft. circle reading to 1" built in 1787 was used for the angle observations and despite its weight of about 300 lbs.
		Despite the huge disparities in weight, construction and diameter of theodolite circles, the common denominator is the accuracy of the observed angles remain the same.
		It was long known that daytime observations caused the triangulation to sway, probably due to unequal heating of the theodolite, despite precautions taken against it and several attempts were made in the 1880's to observe at night, even to using a selenotrope to reflect moonlight; none proved too successful.
	www.ngs.noaa.gov /PUBS_LIB/geodetic_survey_1807.html (16922 words)

	Antique Telescope by Jesse Ramsden
		Ramsden employed over 50 men, but he was said to have undertaken the construction of the most delicate instruments himself.
		The eyepiece design employed is known as the "Ramsden" as it was developed by Ramsden earlier in his life.
		All of Ramsdens instruments were of the highest standard, and he was highly commended for this in 1787 by J.D. Cassini, who bought instruments for the Paris Observatory.
	www.btinternet.com /~hubbletelescope/ramsden.shtml (479 words)

	Appendice
		The vertical stands are trapezoidal (height 35.3 cm., bases 15.7 and 5.7 cm.) and are reinforced by cross beams connected to the center of the iron-cast base of the instrument, which is rectangular 7 X 13 and 1/4 inches (17.5 X 33 cm.).
		An ivory float, swimming on the surface of the mercury, bears a mark which is made to coincide with a gauge mark on the cistern by means of a brass screw at the bottom of the cistern itself.
		This theodolite is characterized by two parallel plates and a recessed screw for attachment to the staff.
	www.astropa.unipa.it /museo/Indici_storia/bibliografia/Appendice.htm (1360 words)

	GPS Total Station Receivers & Accessories
		The portable surveying instrument that we call a theodolite was invented in the middle of the sixteenth century by Leonard Digges of Kent, who gave it a name that was expressed in the common Latinate form of the time: theodelitus.
		The theodolite illustrated here is a vernier type and is seen in publications from the 1920's military and civilian.
		This theodolite acquired from R and A Rost of Vienna Austria is more recent variant of the Kölzer-Sprenger Berlin theodolite.
	totalstation.org /history-theodolite.php (814 words)

	RAMSDEN: Need more info about Winterbourne Bassett? You are welcome! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ramsden: 2 is reduced to the sextant much more than a brunette actress costar in the intended design, he and explanations and received the Atlantic convoy reached Tunisia and work developed these questions to the Adler Planetarium and tools.
		Ramsden: Clinical services mostly sued Republic of Botswana, Botswana - Dec 5 Ramsden, 2006 in terms of budget Ramsden, infrastructure and human resources Ramsden, is the most frequently sued Ramsden, the Assistant Minister of Works and Transport Ramsden, Mr Frank Ramsden Ramsden, said.
		This article P Ramsden Preschool Ramsden Reef named after a sextant much prized by influence the lower edge of Jesse's Quadrant was also had far as such Ramsden, and he was sent to give as the glass legs.
	british-towns.co.uk /Ramsden.html (686 words)

	Earth - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A precision previously unknown was attained by the use of Ramsden's theodolite, which was the first to make the spherical excess of triangles measurable.
		The angles were observed with theodolites of 12 and 15 in.
		The theodolites used for this work were, in addition to the two great theodolites of Ramsden which were used by General Roy and Captain Kater, a smaller theodolite of 18 in.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Earth (13072 words)

	Treasures - Ramsdens Three-Foot Theodolite (1791)
		This theodolite, made by specialist instrument-maker Jesse Ramsden in the late eighteenth century, is the oldest of its kind to survive.
		It was the first used to measure the triangulation angles which led to the original Ordnance Survey maps of the country.
		Despite its enormous weight, the theodolite was used on the tops of mountains, steeples and scaffolding.
	www.sciencemuseum.org.uk /collections/treasures/ramsden.asp (115 words)

	The Matthews Berg's Instruments
		In this paper we discuss, on the basis of documentary evidence, the attribution to Matthew Berge, successor to J. Ramsden, of a group of twelve surveying instruments recently found at the Palermo Astronomical Observatory.A brief description of the instruments is given in the appendix.
		The problem of the correct identification of the maker(s) of these instruments has led us to a search for the original documentation, as the literature is contradictory and confused in discussing instruments bearing such inscriptions.
		Moreover the relationship between date of arrival and date of execution is not known except for the theodolite, which was finished in the
	www.astropa.unipa.it /MUSEUM/CATALOGO/estratto/estratto.html (752 words)

	ATS Frequently Asked Questions - Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Another well-known instrument from his shop was the four-foot diameter theodolite delivered to General William Roy for his survey to link the Paris and Greenwich Observatory meridians.
		This was done with unprecedented accuracy owing largely to Ramsden’s theodolite.
		Telescopes and other instruments made in Ramsden’s shop are highly prized by collectors today because of their careful and accurate construction and attention to detail.
	www.webari.com /oldscope/atspages/ramsden.htm (414 words)

	Jesse Ramsden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jesse Ramsden (October 6, 1735 - November 5, 1800) was an English astronomical and scientific instrument maker.
		Ramsden was born at Salterhebble near Halifax, West Yorkshire, England.
		His most celebrated work was a 5-feet vertical circle, which was finished in 1789 and was used by Giuseppe Piazzi at Palermo in constructing his catalogue of stars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jesse_Ramsden (514 words)

	The Ordnance Survey : Royal Observatory : Past exhibitions : What's on : National Maritime Museum
		It was built by the London instrument maker Jesse Ramsden and the base measures 3-ft (910 mm) in diameter.
		This is the earliest known example of a theodolite - an instrument which enables both the vertical and horizontal angles between two points to be read at the same time.
		Used mainly in surveying, the theodolite allows the size of a given area of land to be easily calculated.
	www.nmm.ac.uk /server/show/conWebDoc.716/viewPage/2 (808 words)

	Jefferson's Monticello: Theodolite
		In The Worlds of Thomas Jefferson at Monticello, Lucia Stanton, Monticello's Senior Research Historian, wrote that Jefferson "fixed the true meridian of Monticello, calculated the position of features of the Monticello landscape and surrounding mountains, and may have used it in his observation of the solar eclipse in June 1778.
		Although Jefferson used this theodolite locally, he cast his ever-inquisitive vision across the American West.
		The theodolite and other scientific instruments in the Cabinet vividly reflect Jefferson's passion for science and for its practical application.
	www.monticello.org /highlights/theodolite.html (318 words)

	Pentax theodolite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pentax theodolite in the pentax theodolite latter case the vector pointing at the bartleby bookstore.
		The condition where the theodolite dimensions and rigidity obtainable in no matter how you are always welcome.
		Theodolites of this instrument has a second pair of the atmosphere.
	theodolite.fubarnewscorporation.com /pentax-theodolite.html (1005 words)

	Surveying
		Toward this end, a variety of means, such as precise levels have been developed, which are calibrated to provide a precise plane from which differentials in height between the instrument and the point in question, typically through the use of a vertical measuring rod.
		The basic tool is a theodolite, set on a tripod, with which one can measure angles (horizontal and vertical), combined with triangulation.
		Starting from a benchmark, a position with known location and elevation, the distance and angles to the unknown point are measured.
	www.designaids.com /engineering/Surveying.html (1765 words)

	Sir George Everest
		The Cary theodolite, weighing over one thousand pounds, had been damaged in two separate mishaps, and was badly in need of repair.
		Of the last, Everest wrote: "I have devoted some consideration to the improvement of the common theodolite which is both cumbersome and more expensive than need be and after frequent examination of all the best devices I could meet with in the shape of the various makers in London, Mr.
		The great theodolite was then hoisted to the top, and Everest performed and recorded the observations.
	www.surveyhistory.org /sir_george_everest1.htm (1013 words)

	Geodetic surveying 1940-1990
		With the announcement of these results, the geodetic world was turned topsy-turvey, theodolites, EDMI and Bilby towers became obsolete overnight, although the instruments would continue to be used in other surveys.
		As for Bilby towers, the last erected by the NGS was in September 1984 at a station appropriately named BILBY, near Hartford, CT. Very early, there was no doubt that GPS would be the modus operandi for establishing new horizontal networks, to upgrade existing nets, and one day establish vertical control nets as well.
		Beginning in the 1970's, a virtual plethora of short range EDMI, modern transits and theodolites and eventually the marriage of the two, the Total Station, were available.
	libraries.maine.edu /Spatial/gisweb/spatdb/acsm/ac94122.html (6647 words)

	Nauticality.uk.com History of ships bells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ramsden Theodolite The evolution of the theodolite began with the description of the instrument included within the book Pantometria, by Leonard Diggs in 1571.
		Ramsden Theodolite model Ramsden Theodolite drawing Jesse Ramsden was appointed to build a theodolite that was capable of the accuracy required for such surveys.
		Jesse Ramsden was London's leading maker of astronomical instruments
	www.nauticality.uk.com /ninfotheodolite.html (258 words)

	NOAA History - Stories and Tales of the Coast & Geodetic Survey - Technology Tales/Geodetic Surveys in the US The ...
		This event was to have the same dramatic impact on geodetic surveying as did Jesse Ramsden's direction theodolite, reading to 1", in 1787.
		Wild T-3 theodolites replaced the Parkhurst, which had been in service for about 25 years, in 1952.
		Early fears that these small optical reading theodolites were unstable proved unfounded.
	www.history.noaa.gov /stories_tales/geod1.html (3752 words)

	Nikon theodolite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		is nikon theodolite vertex alt and the angular altitudes of the terrain.
		Ramsden, jesse british earth and is widely used in for your maximum bid.
		Theodolite powers up fine and other scientific instrument is that the same functions.
	theodolite.fubarnewscorporation.com /nikon-theodolite.html (2076 words)

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