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Topic: Ramu river

	Sepik River
		The mighty Sepik is the second largest river in Papua New Guinea with a catchment area of approximately 80,000 km².
		North of the Sepik River swamps are markedly rare or absent.
		Biology of the freshwater halfbeak Zenarchopterus kampeni (Teleostei: Hemiramphidae) from the Sepik and Ramu River basin, northern Papua New Guinea.
	members.optusnet.com.au /aquatichabitats/Sepik.htm (1793 words)

	Weekender page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Communities which depend on the Ramu River are expressing concerns about certain mining and agricultural projects upstream which could damage the ecological balance of the river system.
		Ramu waters also spill along various channels into the Keram River which flows adjacent to it for a while before diverting through a fifth electorate of Angoram in the East Sepik province and eventually flows into the Sepik River.
		They have the experience of the Ramu River bridge which was silted over in 2004 and the river waters over flowed the banks into surrounding forest and garden land.
	www.thenational.com.pg /121106/w1.htm (1048 words)

	Madang - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Ramu Sugar and Jant/Gogol woodchip mill are amongst PNG's biggest employers.
		The warm Bismark Sea laps the northern coast, and the region is drained northward by the larger Ramu, Sogeram, Gogol and Malas Rivers.
		The Ramu people are prolific carvers and the lower Ramu has cultural links with the villages of the artistically diverse Sepik River region.
	www.iridis.com /Madang (842 words)

	The Sepik —Ramu system
		The rivers are bordered by scroll bar recording channel migration across a 5 to 10 km wide track (somewhat narrower than the lower Middle Fly).
		Recent studies of the Sepik (Kineke et al., in press) suggest a substantial portion of the riverine sediment appears to be transported seaward in the canyon, most of the remainder being stored at least temporarily on the proximal shelf and slope.
		Salinity and suspended sediment distributions along the axis from the river mouth to the coastal ocean suggest that sediment dispersal is via a plume with both surface and near-bottom components.
	www.vims.edu /margins/sepik.html (1223 words)

	Richard Debaugh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Five decades ago we tested our skills in the skies over those equatorial latitudes, were amazed by the fecund rain forest, saw tropical brown rivers plying their epochal work of reducing New Guinea, particle by particle, to the level of the sea, contended with weather that could drench you with rain or with sweat.
		Not too far from the Ramu River, our camp was also not too far from the beginnings of a rain forest area.
		Three heads are bobbing in the Ramu; Rowell, Scotty, and Saunders, in my picture, are immersed in the river and in their joy/ Unforgettable!) We swimmers were just too perverse to worry about the cautions against liver-fluke infections that could follow a swim in the Ramu.
	www.pacificwrecks.com /people/veterans/debaugh.html (921 words)

	Weekender page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Also at the Ramu Valley, past Usino and across the mighty Ramu River is Ramu Nickel and Cobalt Project, being developed by MCC of China.
		Ramu River and Mountain Expeditions is owned and operated by long time PNG travel writer, tourism developer and tour operator, Steven Mago who is pioneering tourism and adventure travel development initiatives into this less known and unexplored region of Madang including the neighboring mountain region of Simbai in Middle Ramu.
		Ramu River and Mountain Expeditions is working with local host communities to build homes stays at Boko Village, Usino, Akaraski on Middle Ramu, and Annaberg, Aiome, Mambasap, Asai River, Kenainz and Simbai.
	www.thenational.com.pg /092506/w6.htm (1165 words)

	The Mineral Policy Institute - Ramu Nickel Mine: Ocean dumping mine source of controversy
		The Ramu Nickel mine consists of a lateritic nickel deposit that was discovered at Kurumbukari, a site south of the Ramu River in the early 1960's.
		A preliminary assessment of the impacts along the Ramu River system highlights the absence of reliable data or modelling based on the environmental conditions in the region and thus an inability to rely upon the prediction of impacts in the existing environmental plan.
		Ramu sits at the lower end of nickel grades for projects currently under consideration (it has grades of around 0.98-1.1%1 nickel compared to 1.3-2% nickel for other projects currently considered).
	www.mpi.org.au /regions/pacific/png/ramu (1104 words)

	MSN Encarta - Papua New Guinea
		It was formed by sediment deposited by large rivers, including the Sepik and Ramu, which flow from the mountains into the Bismarck Sea.
		In the south it is deeply indented by river mouths and by a number of bays, such as Milne Bay at the eastern extremity.
		Major rivers of the mainland include the Fly, in the southwest; the Purari and Kikori, in the south; and the Sepik and Ramu, in the north.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761555535/Papua_New_Guinea.html (826 words)

	Middle Ramu River Carvings (Art-Pacific.com: New Guinea tribal art and Indonesian folk art)
		Minias figures from the Keram River are often referred to as Ramu figures because they are traded over and down the Ramu River.
		Ramu River Shields illustrates two shields from the Middle Ramu.
		Fine Ramu and Minias-style carvings made by another expat with PNG citizenship, Jeff Liversedge, are sometimes sold in small bilums decorated with dog teeth as old, rare sorcerer's magic charms.
	www.art-pacific.com /artifacts/nuguinea/ramu/rivermid.htm (847 words)

	PNG Rivers and Lakes
		One of the world's greatest rivers, the Sepik is a meandering, oily-brown, serpentine flow of water, runs 1,126 kilometres (698 miles) from its origins in the mountains to the sea.
		The Sepik River, with a catchment of 77,700 square kilometres, is the largest river system in Papua New Guinea and drains most of the northern half of the country.
		The Ramu River basin in Madang Province parallels the larger Sepik River basin.
	www.michie.net /png_faqs/05126981_1.shtml (1490 words)

	Ethnologue: Papua New Guinea
		Gulf Province, Kerema District, in the valleys of the Mbwei and Swanson rivers.
		Morobe Province, Wau District, headwaters of the Bulolo River.
		East Sepik Province, headwaters of the Karawari, Wagupmeri, and Korosameri rivers; villages of Bisorio, Iniai, Gadio.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/Papu.html (6440 words)

	Protected Areas Programme - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		North of the central cordillera is a depression which is occupied by the Sepik River in the west and by the Ramu River to the east.
		The Sepik and Ramu Rivers discharge to the Bismarck Sea in a wide gap between the Torricelli and Adelbert Ranges.
		The Markham River occupies the eastern part of this great northern depression, and is an unusual river for Papua New Guinea being a braided stream for most of its length.
	www.unep-wcmc.org /sites/wetlands/png_int.htm (6051 words)

	Oceanic Art - 3 Paddle Tops (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This set of three figures are actually the tops of Ramu River canoe paddles.
		Here once the paddle blade becomes broken or useless the ancestral figurative tops are removed and kept as memories to either the carver or owner of the paddle.
		The figures themselves are excellent examples of Ramu River figurative art on a small scale.
	www.michaelhamson.com /Jan_07_217.htm (76 words)

	Tibetan Texts - Beginners Text #2
		Ramu river near to went for body washing going habit used to do since.
		Ramu used to go every day to the riverbank for a bath.
		Ramu felt much pain from the sting and resolved to take a revenge.
	www.learntibetan.net /texts/beginner02.htm (395 words)

	Lower Ramu River Carvings (Art-Pacific.com: New Guinea tribal art and Indonesian folk art)
		Masks and slit-gong drums from the Lower Ramu are traded along the coast as far as the Murik Lakes and out to Manam Island and the Schouten Islands in the Bismark Sea.
		The garamut was collected from the village of Kayan (Kaian) near the mouth of the Ramu River which is a center of slit gong drum manufacture.
		This type of figure is typical of the Lower Ramu River and is often used to decorate canoe prows.
	www.art-pacific.com /artifacts/nuguinea/ramu/riverlow.htm (1235 words)

	Tribal Art Brokers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This one is embellished with a frog clinging to its snout, possibly a clan symbol.
		Behind it, facing into the canoe, is the distinctive Ramu full human figure, (actually a water spirit) carved in the crouching position with the legs tapering off.
		The Ramu River is a distinct style region of the Lower or Coastal Sepik area, which has four main culture areas: the Sepik River itself, the Ramu River, and the Murik Lakes, (actually a swamp, into which this delta drains) on the PNG mainland, and the offshore Schouten Islands.
	tribalartbrokers.net /details.asp?itemId=CPT (279 words)

	Review of Aquaculture and Freshwater Fisheries in Papua New Guinea
		The major habitats are large river systems which have extensive floodplains at lower altitudes arising from networks of progressively smaller rivers and streams originating in the highlands.
		A similar calculation for the Ramu River might give an approximate figure of 1,500 t per year (although the area of the Ramu is quite large it is less heavily populated in the main fishing areas than the Sepik).
		For example, the Fly River has approximately twice the number of fish species as the Sepik and several commercially and artisanally exploited Fly families of fish are absent from the Sepik (Allen and Coates 1989).
	www.fao.org /docrep/field/003/AC080E/AC080e00.htm (9282 words)

	RADARSAT scenes of Australian and adjacent waters
		The aim of TROPICS is to understand the effects that fast-flowing, tropical rivers with heavy loads of sediments and solutes have on the coastal waters and seafloor and, further downstream, on the ocean basins that they feed into.
		A RADARSAT SAR scene on 17 May 1997 during the ship survey shows the Sepik River plume and its curved front of roughened water, a lesser plume from the Ramu River a little to the east, and ocean wakes to the west of the offshore volcanic islands in the New Guinea Coastal Current (Figure 1a).
		While there has been anecdotal evidence in the past to suggest that the Sepik River plume turns to the east during the NW monsoon, RADARSAT answered the question very elegantly by showing that both the Sepik and the Ramu River plumes turned to the east in a scene from March 1998 (Figure1d).
	www.marine.csiro.au /~cresswel/radarsat_paper (1979 words)

	AN ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL AND ORGANISATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SEPIK RIVER FISH STOCK ENHANCEMENT PROJECT
		Primary work (Coates 1985, 1986, 1987) has established that the Sepik and Ramu river systems of northern Papua New Guinea are low in fish species numbers and biomass by comparison with similar systems elsewhere in the world.
		In the lower reaches of the rivers, the main habitats/feeding niches to be occupied include; seasonal occupation of possibly low-oxygen floodplain zones, benthic/mud detritus feeding, specialised phytoplakton feeding, macrophyte, fruit and leaf feeding.
		Nematolosa sp - detritus and algal feeder, native to Southern rivers of PNG.
	www.fao.org /docrep/field/003/AC085E/AC085E01.htm (1281 words)

	Australians at War
		When the decision was made in 1943 to develop the Lae area in New Guinea as a major Allied staging post and base it was quickly realised that the control of the combined Markham and Ramu River Valleys would be vital to the area's security.
		The overgrown airfield at Kapipit was soon cleared, allowing the 7th Division to be flown in and advance from the head of the Markham Valley into the lower reaches of the Ramu.
		For their part, the Japanese had been ordered to block any Australian advance across the Finsterres which had the potential to sever their supply routes along the north coast and cut-off the forces operating further to the east.
	www.awm.gov.au /units/event_339.asp (640 words)

	A Directory of Wetlands in Oceania
		Observations on the biology of Tarpon Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet) (Pisces: Megolopidae) in the Sepik River, northern Papua New Guinea.
		Biology of fork-tailed catfishes from the Sepik River, Papua New Guinea.
		Biology of the rainbowfish, Glossolepis multisquamatus (Melanotaeniidae), from the Sepik River floodplains, Papua New Guinea.
	www.wetlands.org /RSIS/WKBASE/OceaniaDir/PNG.htm (8012 words)

	MADANG PROVINCE - Ecotourism Melanesia's PAPUA NEW GUINEA - tourist information, accommodation and tour bookings, ...
		Cutting through the mountains is the Ramu River, which villagers ply in dugout or motorised canoes.
		The Madang fine art scene is dominated by the art and culture of the Ramu Valley which bears strong similarities to the Sepik cultures.
		Ramu and Sepik carvings are easy to purchase in Madang, both at the main market and the hotel craft shacks.
	www.em.com.pg /PNG/provinces/Madang/PNGprovMadang.htm (1412 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests (AA0115)
		The ecoregion is centered on three large river basins: the Mamberamo, Taritatu, and Tariku river basin in Irian Jaya and the Sepik and Ramu river basins in PNG.
		The Sepik River, one of the two largest watersheds in PNG, supports a large human population that is heavily dependent on the river (Miller et al.
		The Ramu Basin supports extensive areas of lowland rain forest and swamp forest, some of which are developed on ultrabasic parent rock (Miller et al.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/aa/aa0115_full.html (1317 words)

	Viewpoint
		The flooding was due to heavy rain in the Highlands which caused the Sepik River to break its banks and flood villages along the river.
		He first visited Kwanga Mission Station on the Ramu river to ascertain if the river had cause damage on villages located in the lower areas along the Ramu River.
		Her greatest concern was the lack of river transport, fuel and the continued closure of the airstrip and road to Timbunke.
	www.postcourier.com.pg /20030505/news02 (384 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Babylonia
		A most remarkable feature of Babylonian geography is that the land to the south encroaches on the sea and that the Persian Gulf recedes at present at the rate of a mile in seventy years, while in the past, though still in historic times, it receded as much as a mile in thirty years.
		Birds and waterfowls, herds and flocks, and rivers teeming with fish supplied the inhabitants with a rural plenty which surprises the modern reader of the cadastral surveys and tithe-accounts of the ancient temples.
		It is remarkable that the name Abu ramu (Honored Father) occurs in the eponym lists for 677 B.C., and Abe ramu, a similar name, on a contract-tablet in the reign of Apil-Sin, thus showing that Abram was a Babylonian name in use long before and after the date of the Patriarch.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02179b.htm (9484 words)

	Papua New Guinea Forum - Flood hit Sepik River and left 50,000 affected
		Sir Peter Barter said that following his visit to the Sepik and Ramu River the main concern expressed was the risk of increased incidents of Malaria as the river receded.
		He said the conditions on the middle and lower Sepik was similar to the upper Sepik and Ramu River which all suffer from seasonal flooding.
		He said a grass cutter was also purchased by the National Disaster Centre for the Timbunke airstrip, the only airstrip in the middle Sepik River that had been closed for the past 12 months due to uncut grass.
	www.pngbd.com /forum/t7956s.html (333 words)

	Australian War Memorial - AJRP
		It was truly astounding to see what had been accomplished, in the short month since they landed; by 20th Division; although they had no earth-moving material, they were encouraged and stimulated by their commander, Lt Gen AOKI, who knew the importance of the airfield.
		During this trip I was able to make a detailed reconnaissance of the relationship between the upper reaches of the Ramu River, the upper reaches of the Markham River and the Minjim River valley.
		I found that the Ramu and Markham Rivers are related in their upper reaches and watershed; it is a level highland and this highland and the Minjim River valley have a boundary of an angular line of about 200 or 300 metres.
	ajrp.awm.gov.au /ajrp/AJRP2.nsf/pages/NT000046DA?openDocument (1570 words)

	Occurrence - Search Result (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Causeway between Arakabesan and Koror Is.; murky water 50-100 ft. from basalt shore.
		Channel between river island and western bank, approx.
		ELEVALA RIVER, A MAJOR LOWLAND TRIBUTARY OF THE UPPER FLY,17 KM E OF KIUNGA, 859 KM UPRIVER FROM TORO PASS.
	www.fishbase.org /museum/GenusOccurrenceList.cfm?genus=Zenarchopterus (1091 words)

	Ritwik Ghatak
		An ode to a nameless "citizen" is recited against the image of a well-dressed young man, Ramu (Satindra Bhattacharya), dutifully helping an elder stranger cross the street.
		It is within this environment of crushed hopes and unrealized dreams that the father's blindness and debilitation can be seen, not only as a metaphor for cultural short-sightedness that led to the Partition, but also as a spiritual resignation for their fractured homeland - a unrequited pining for a sentimental lost love.
		Inevitably, the villagers' inalterable pattern of austerity, despair, and tragedy emerges as the star-crossed Basanti (Rosy Samad), abandoned by her childhood love, is married off to Kishore's romantic rival Subol, who too is soon lost to the silent, unforgiving waters.
	www.filmref.com /directors/dirpages/ghatak.html (823 words)

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