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	Ranavalona III of Madagascar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ranavalona III (22 November 1861 - 23 May 1917) was Queen of Madagascar from 1883 to 28 February 1897, when she was deposed by France, who subsequently ruled the island as a colony.
		She had the misfortune to be caught up in the endgame of the maneuvering that had been going on between the British and French since the beginning of the century.
		Ranavalona was deposed and sent to the island of Réunion, then in March 1899 to Algiers, where she died.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ranavalona_III_of_Madagascar (298 words)

	Ranavalona I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Little is known of Ranavalona's early life, but it was during her first years that the King Andrianampoinimerina was attempting to unite Madagascar's various factions under a single crown.
		Ranavalona was a violent persecuter of Christians, after expelling the missionaries did not work in eradicating Christianity from her island, she began a gruesome scourging of the land.
		But in a sadistic twist, Ranavalona had just enough water to reach the prisoner's waist, so it could be hours before the prisoner died.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ranavalona_I (514 words)

	Spotlight on Nation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Republic of Ranavalona is a huge, environmentally stunning nation, renowned for its absence of drug laws.
		Ranavalona's national animal is the elephant, which frolics freely in the nation's many lush forests, and its currency is the rupee.
		Ranavalona is ranked 1st in the region and 25,700th in the world for Nudest.
	www.nationstates.net /cgi-bin/index.cgi/-1/page=display_nation/nation=ranavalona (154 words)

	Madagascar. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Radama was succeeded by his wife Ranavalona I (reigned 1828–1861), who, suspicious of foreigners, declared (1835) Christianity illegal and halted most foreign trade.
		Rainilaiarivony, the prime minister, controlled the government during the reigns of Ranavalona II (1868–83) and Ranavalona III (1883–96); by then the Merina kingdom included all Madagascar except the south and part of the west.
		Ranavalona II publicly recognized Christianity, and she and her husband were baptized.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ma/Madagasc.html (1851 words)

	Ranavalona I -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After succeeding her husband, (Click link for more info and facts about Radama I) Radama I, and becoming Queen, she was also known as Ranavalo-Manjka I.
		Little is known of Ranavalona's early life, but it was during her first years that the King Andrianampoinimerina was attempting to unite (A republic on the island of Madagascar; achieved independence from France in 1960) Madagascar's various factions under a single crown.
		She was mother of King (Click link for more info and facts about Radama II) Radama II, who succeeded her.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ra/ranavalona_i.htm (390 words)

	Madagascar Head
		Known as Ranavalo-Manyka I or Ranavalona I. She was married when she was almost a child to Radama, king of the "hovas" and was accused of poisening her husband in agreement with the protestant English missionaries who were her friends.
		Ranavalona I largely took revenge on Europeans left in the Island because of these actions against her.
		In her Coronation address Ranavalona III stated that she had inherited the rule of the whole Island not of a part of in and she said that the sea was the only boundaries to her States.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /Madagascar_Heads.htm (511 words)

	Royalty.nu - Kings and Queens of Madagascar - Malagasy Royal History, News, Books
		Rasoherina died in 1868 and was succeeded by a royal relative, Queen Ranavalona II.
		After the death of Ranavalona II in 1883, another royal woman ascended the throne as Queen Ranavalona III.
		Female Caligula: Ranavalona, the Mad Queen of Madagascar by Keith Laidler.
	www.royalty.nu /Africa/Madagascar.html (906 words)

	Windows on the World of SipaKV: Ranavalona, the Mad Queen of Madagascar
		By the reckoning of anthropologist and filmmaker Laidler (The Last Empress, not reviewed), Ranavalona killed at least one-third and perhaps one-half of Madagascar's population during her reign (1833-61).
		Ranavalona's claim to the throne as the "Great Wife" of King Radama was countered by traditionalists, who believed the dead king's nephew should succeed, as was customary.
		Credit Ranavalona with keeping European interests at bay as she terrorized her citizenry, seeing both as threats to her crown.
	sipakv.blogspot.com /2005/10/ranavalona-mad-queen-of-madagascar.html (934 words)

	Stanford Magazine > September/October 2002 > Student Voice
		After months of reading Malagasy histories and texts, I proposed a research project on the 19th-century queen Ranavalona I. The more I learned about this ruler who threw boring lovers off cliffs and Christians into torture pits, the more I wanted to visit the country that had shaped her and been shaped by her.
		The few existing accounts of Ranavalona’s rule included French descriptions of her cruelty toward Christians, British condemnations of her reinstatement of the inland slave trade and Malagasy semideification of her successful resistance to European power.
		Interviewees living in the predominantly Christian capital city, for example, were more likely to critique Ranavalona’s persecution of missionaries than were people from coastal towns, where residents adhere to tribal religious practices and still see Christianity as a threat to their way of life.
	www.stanfordalumni.org /news/magazine/2002/sepoct/departments/studentvoice.html (1375 words)

	History of MADAGASCAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		For the next three decades Madagascar, or the greater part of it, is ruled by a succession of three queens - Rasoherina (1863-8), her cousin Ranavalona II (1868-83), and Ranavalona's cousin Ranavalona III (1883-97).
		In addition to their notional claim to the island, dating back to the 17th century, the French have maintained a close contact with Madagascar during the 19th century.
		When Ranavalona I expels most of the Europeans, in the 1830s, one of the few who remains is Jean Laborde, a Frenchman who wins considerable influence over the queen.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad26 (1697 words)

	Gifts & Blessings \|\| Queen's Room
		In 1886, Queen Ranavalona III of Madagascar sent two stunning silk textiles to United States president Grover Cleveland as a gift of friendship.
		The Merina queen Ranavalona III (reigned 1883--96) came to the throne in 1883 at age 18.
		During her reign, Queen Ranavalona III tried to thwart both French and British designs to control Madagascar by turning to the nation's strategic trading partner--the United States--for support.
	www.nmafa.si.edu /exhibits/malagasy/queen.html (919 words)

	The Fugitives, by R.M. Ballantyne, Chapter 13
		The dress of Ranavalona, as she sat in her balcony under her scarlet umbrella observing the troops, was gorgeous, but the greater part of it was hidden under the voluminous folds of the scarlet lamba of finest English broad-cloth with which her person was enveloped.
		It is probable that Ranavalona would have cared little as to what her favourite thought about Christianity if she had only kept quiet, but Rafaravavy was one of those earnest straightforward souls who are prone to act in accordance with their conscientious beliefs without regard to consequences.
		There was that in the voice of Ranavalona which alarmed the girl, and caused her to tremble as she replied, with some hesitation, that she still prayed.
	www.athelstane.co.uk /ballanty/fugitive/tyran13.htm (3915 words)

	Overview of the worldwide reformed church
		One of their important achievements was reducing the Malagasy language into Latin script; the first translation of the Bible was published in Antananarivo in 1835.
		Under Radama’s widow and successor Ranavalona I (1828-1861) a period of brutal persecution began.
		Queen Ranavalona II converted to the Ref faith in 1869, and large numbers of the upper class followed her example.
	www.reformiert-online.net /weltweit/land_print.php?id=86&lg=eng (372 words)

	Victoire Rasoamanarivo
		He entered the city incognito and used cunning means and enterprises to win the favor of Queen Ranavalona I and the approval of his sojourn despite being a foreigner.
		Eventually, Queen Ranavalona I, out of suspicion, ordered the expulsion of the few remaining foreigners in her kingdom.
		Neither Queen Ranavalona nor Rainilaiarivony could quell the faith successfully because of Rasoamanarivo’s persistent intercession and their own admiration for her fellow Catholics.
	newsaints.faithweb.com /biographies/Rasoamanarivo.htm (2653 words)

	February 21: Ranavalona II converts to Christianity
		The efforts of the London Missionary Society to introduce Christianity into Madagascar began in 1818 and were met with a decade of modest success followed by a violent reaction.
		Queen Ranavalona I took the throne in 1828.
		Although Radema II was assassinated within three years by a court faction who resisted opening the nation to French influence, the church was not expelled.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2002/02/daily-02-21-2002.shtml (615 words)

	The SocioWeb: Sociology Books » Flashman's Lady (Flashman)
		In FLASHMAN'S LADY, the reader is apprised of the private war against the pirates of the East Indies by the eccentric English imperialist, James Brooke, and the reign of terror perpetuated by that female Caligula of the period, Queen Ranavalona I of Madagascar.
		The tie score results in he and Elspeth accompanying Solomon on a cruise to the Far East, where Solomon's true colors are revealed, and he absconds with Elspeth.
		Flashman must fight, however unwillingly, to get her back - until they both end up in the hands of the bloodthirsty queen of Madagascar, Ranavalona I. This is a fine entry in the series, possibly a little more heavy on the humor this time around than the adventure.
	www.socioweb.com /sociology-books/book/0452264898 (787 words)

	madaga
		The choice of Queen Ranavalona I proved to be a backward step, as far as the advancement of the country was concerned.
		Queen Ranavalona I asserted that King Andrian-Ampoin-i-Merina had established the rules of succession based on female descent from his maternal grandmother, Rasoherina.
		Mpitaiza Andrian-a: the Queen's Guardian, a post created after the accession of Queen Ranavalona and usually borne by the CommanderinChief and Prime Minister, usually also the Queen's official lover.
	4dw.net /royalark/Madagascar/madaga.htm (1268 words)

	MADAGASCAR
		Ranavalona (by ANDRIANALY), may possibly have been the Head of the Royal House of Madagascar following Queen Ranavalona III's death in 1917.
		Queen Ranavalona I [Rabodoandrianampoinimerina, Ramavo] 1828/1861, born 1782/1790, married 1stly, King RADAMA I (qv), married 2ndly, RAINIHARO, son of Andriantsilavo, son of Ramavokely, Prime Minister of Madagascar 1833/1852, died 10th February 1852, and had issue by General ANDRIAMIHAJA, died 1833.
		Queen Ranavalona II [Ramoma] 1868/1883, born 1829, married 1stly King RADAMA II (qv), married 2ndly 21st February 1869 in Tananarive, RAINILAIARIVONY, born 30th January 1828, (son of RAINIHARO and Rabodomiarana), Prime Minister of Madagascar 1864/1895, died 17th July 1896 in Algiers, buried 4th October 1900 in Isoraka.
	uqconnect.net /~zzhsoszy/states/africa/madagascar.html (678 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Madagascar
		He sent up a balloon before the awe-stricken populace assembeld in the holy place of Mahamasina; he contrived theatrical performances on a stage constructed and set by himself; he made them a telegraphic apparatus, a miniature railroad, and other things wonderful in their eyes.
		But this state of affairs was not to last long; Ranavalona soon grew suspicious and ordered the expulsion of the few Europeans who resided at Tananarivo.
		Radama II gave full authorization for the teaching of the Catholic religion in his dominions; and this much having been conceded to the French Catholic missionaries, similar concessions had to be made to the English Protestants of the London Missionary Society.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09509e.htm (2009 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Madagascar, 1787-1896
		Under Radama's widow and successor RANAVALONA (1828-1861), christianity was outlawed and suppressed; the country fell into civil war.
		Ranavalona's successors reestablished ties with the English missionaries, English and permitted Catholic French missionaries in, too.
		Under Quuens RANAVALONA II (1868-1883) and RANAVALONA III (1883-1896), the Merina Kingdom extended over most of Madagascar, except the very south and some areas in the west.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/eastafrica/madagascar17871896.html (258 words)

	Madagascar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The last indigenous monarch, Queen Ranavalona III, used a flag of diagonally red over white with her royal cipher (crown over R M) over all (Crampton, The World of Flags, 1990, p65)
		Several flags are quoted in time of Ranavalona II but anyone is white whit red name edged fl.
		I've read other descriptions, the Ranavalona III image is the first picture.
	www.netlinkit.dk /FOTW/flags/mg.html (2714 words)

	The Fugitives, by R.M. Ballantyne, Chapter 23
		According to promise, Ranavalona had set out from her palace that morning without her wonted display and ceremonial, with only a few of her courtiers and a handful of troops around her.
		This the Secretary—ever-ready in time of need—translated, and returned the answer that the Queen was charmed, after which the proceedings terminated, and Ranavalona returned to her palace to dream, no doubt, of fireworks and music instead of martyrdoms.
		So engrossed was the whole Court with the exciting and singular events of the day that no one noticed the absence of Rafaravavy, and, happily, the Queen did not happen to require her attendance that night.
	www.athelstane.co.uk /ballanty/fugitive/tyran23.htm (3571 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ranavalona III of Madagascar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
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		Updated 258 days 4 hours 20 minutes ago.
		Click for other authoritative sources for this topic (summarised at Factbites.com).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ranavalona-III-of-Madagascar (326 words)

	The Anthropological Niche of Douglas W. Hume: Madagascar: Historical Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Under the rule of Ranavalona I, campaigns against rebels and other tribes resulted in over 100,000 men killed and over 200,000 people enslaved between 1828-1840 (Campbell 1981:211).
		With Madagascar as a protectorate of France, in 1895, the Queen, Ranavalona III, maintained internal control of Madagascar while France took control over external relations (Esoavelomandroso 1985:228-229).
		Queen Ranavalona III lost her control due to the insurrection by other tribes and the rural population.
	members.aol.com /archaeodog/madagascar/mad_history.htm (1612 words)

	Coton De Tulear LA BRUME OCEANE Dams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Four previous generation from her great-grandmother to her mother are known and recommended (four stars !) for their reproductive ability.
		Melissa comes from the same line as Idefix de Ranavalona, Champion of France, Luxemboug, International, and recommended sire with four stars.
		She is an adorable female with a lovely face, (very short muzzle) good structure and pigmentation.
	www.cotondetulear.ca /dames.html (184 words)

	Book Review: Female Caligula by Keith Laidler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The story of an African queen whose megalomania reached intergalactic proportions as she sought to protect her island against imperial designs.
		By the reckoning of anthropologist and filmmaker Laidler (The Last Empress, not reviewed), Ranavalona killed at least one-third and perhaps one-half of Madagascar`s population during her reign (1833—61).
		She took them out with a Gorgon`s imagination: flaying, crucifying and the slow crushing of testicles were common methods, while other victims were 'bound, then sewn into buffalo hides, with only their heads protruding, and hung on poles and left to die slowly from the sun, starvation and dehydration.'
	books.monstersandcritics.com /nonfiction/reviews/article_1053544.php/Book_Review_Female_Caligula_by_Keith_Laidler (506 words)

	Rasalama, Rafaravavy, Madagascar, Protestant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		She was among the first Malagasy to be baptized (May 1831) and to take part in the Lord's Supper at Ambatonakanga, the earliest church, on June 5, 1831.
		In 1835 when the new queen, Ranavalona I, declared Christianity illegal, Rasalama went into hiding.
		The cave where she took refuge near her house was discovered, and in July 1837 she was arrested and given to a courtier as a slave.
	www.dacb.org /stories/madagascar/rasalama_raf.html (290 words)

	VDS Portal: Virtual and Dedicated Servers \| Guides \| Object-Oriented \| Objects As Envoys: Cloth, Imagery, and Diplomacy ...
		In 1886, Queen Ranavalona III of the African island nation of Madagascar offered U.S. President Grover Cleveland two striking handwoven silk textiles.
		They also consider the life histories of textiles such as the silks offered by Queen Ranavalona III, which moved from the category of politically charged gift to museum ethnological object.
		The little-known history of American-Malagasy ties is explored through the compelling biography of John Lewis Waller, the American consul to Madagascar from 1891 to 1894.
	www.vdsp.net /guide-0295981962.html (514 words)

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