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Topic: Random early detection

	Random Early Detection Gateways for Congestion Avoidance
		The RED gateway is designed for a network where a single marked or dropped packet is sufficient to signal the presence of congestion to the transport-layer protocol.
		The RED gateways use randomization in choosing which arriving packets to mark; with this method, the probability of marking a packet from a particular connection is roughly proportional to that connection's share of the bandwidth through the gateway.
		The RED algorithm calculates the average queue size, using a low-pass filter with an exponential weighted moving average; the average queue size is compared against two thresholds: a minimum threshold and a maximum threshold.
	www.opalsoft.net /qos/TCP-50.htm (3279 words)

	Random early detection -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In traditional tail drop algorithm ((computer science) a device that forwards data packets between computer networks) router or other network component buffers as many packets as it can, and simply drops the ones it can't buffer.
		RED is considered more fair than tail drop.
		RED makes (additional info and facts about Quality of Service) Quality of Service (QoS) differentiation impossible.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ra/random_early_detection.htm (190 words)

	Random early detection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Random early detection (RED) is a queue management algorithm.
		In the traditional tail drop algorithm, a router or other network component buffers as many packets as it can, and simply drops the ones it can't buffer.
		RED makes Quality of Service (QoS) differentiation impossible.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Random_early_detection (200 words)

	RED (Random Early Detection) Queue Management
		RED is implemented for the Cisco AS5200, 4000, 4500, and 4700.
		Distant Early Warning is an implementation of RED for Solaris 2.5 and Solaris 2.5.1.
		RED was turned on and off several times during this two-hour period, and the results show that the use of RED significantly reduced the packet drop rate during this period.
	www.icir.org /floyd/red.html (2700 words)

	Distributed WRED
		Random Early Detection (RED) is a congestion avoidance mechanism that takes advantage of TCP's congestion control mechanism.
		RED reduces the chances of tail drop by selectively dropping packets when the output interface begins to show signs of congestion.
		By dropping some packets early rather than waiting until the buffer is full, RED avoids dropping large numbers of packets at once and minimizes the chances of global synchronization.
	cisco.com /univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios111/cc111/wred.htm (2718 words)

	Zvon - RFC 2481 [A Proposal to add Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP] - Random Early Detection (RED)
		Random Early Detection (RED) is a mechanism for active queue management that has been proposed to detect incipient congestion [FJ93], and is currently being deployed in the Internet backbone [RFC2309].
		Although RED is meant to be a general mechanism using one of several alternatives for congestion indication, in the current environment of the Internet RED is restricted to using packet drops as a mechanism for congestion indication.
		RED could set a Congestion Experienced (CE) bit in the packet header instead of dropping the packet, if such a bit was provided in the IP header and understood by the transport protocol.
	www.zvon.org /tmRFC/RFC2481/Output/chapter4.html (247 words)

	Random Early Detection (RED)
		RED isn't a cure-all for this, applications which inappropriately fail to implement exponential backoff still get an unfair share of the bandwidth, however, with RED they do not cause as much harm to the throughput and latency of other connections.
		The probability of a packet being dropped from a particular connection is proportional to its bandwidth usage rather than the number of packets it transmits.
		RED is a good queue for backbones, where you can't afford the complexity of per-session state tracking needed by fairness queueing.
	lartc.org /howto/lartc.adv-qdisc.red.html (542 words)

	Ling Huang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		RED gateways keep the average queue size low while allowing occasional bursts of packets in the queue.
		Early random drop: drop each arriving packet with some drop probability whenever the queue length exceeds some drop level.
		Because RED drops packets randomly, the probability that RED decides to drop a particular flow’s packets are roughly proportional to the share of the bandwidth that that flow is currently getting at that router.
	www.eecs.berkeley.edu /~hling/courses/cs268/ling.fj93.htm (303 words)

	Quality of Service, Part II
		Random Early Detection (RED) is a high-speed congestion avoidance mechanism.
		Weighted RED (WRED) allows you to specify a RED policy in combination with IP precedence, so that different types of packets are dropped at different rates and levels of congestion.
		Random early detection cannot be configured on an interface already configured with custom, priority, or fair queueing.
	www.netcraftsmen.net /welcher/papers/qos2.html (1588 words)

	Dynamics of Random Early Detection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		We point out that RED contributes to unfair bandwidth sharing when a mixture of the three traffic types exist at the shared gateway.
		This unfairness is caused by the fact that RED proportionally drops packets from the competing connections according to their bandwidth usages.
		FRED detects incipient congestion by monitoring the average queue length and decides whether to drop a packet when the running average exceeds a threshold.
	pdos.csail.mit.edu /~rtm/papers/fred-abstract.html (201 words)

	Random Early Detection Gateways for Congestion Avoidance - Floyd, Jacobson (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Random Early Detection Gateways for Congestion Avoidance - Floyd, Jacobson (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: This paper presents Random Early Detection (RED) gateways for congestion avoidance in packetswitched networks.
		The gateway detects incipient congestion by computing the average queue size.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /floyd93random.html (752 words)

	VoIP Troubleshooter \| Problems \| Random Early Detection (RED)
		RED is a technique used in routers to apply congestion control.
		There have been reported incidences in which a series of routers apply RED at the same time, resulting in bursts of packet loss.
		If there is a significant rate of bursty packet loss associated with a high level of jitter then it is possible that the loss could be due to RED.
	www.voiptroubleshooter.com /problems/red.html (290 words)

	Dynamics of Random Early Detection - Lin, Morris (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Abstract: In this paper we evaluate the effectiveness of Random Early Detection (RED) over traffic types categorized as nonadaptive, fragile and robust, according to their responses to congestion.
		This unfairness is caused by the fact that at any given time RED imposes the same loss rate on all flows, regardless of their bandwidths.
		35 Random Early Detection for Congestion Avoidance (context) - Floyd, Jacobson - 1993
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /lin97dynamics.html (604 words)

	QoS (Quality of Service) (Linktionary term)
		Packets are dropped because a router queue is full or because a network device is using a congestion avoidance scheme, such as RED (random early detection).
		RED monitors queues to determine when they are getting full enough that they might overflow.
		ECN (explicit congestion control) is an end-to-end congestion avoidance mechanism in which a router that is experiencing congestion sets a notification bit in a packet and forwards the packet to the destination.
	www.linktionary.com /q/qos.html (3386 words)

	Performance improvements by Random Early Detection (RED) and Early Congestion Notification (ECN) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		When TCP is not the only flow on a link, it exhibits similar behavior to TFRC but the maximum amount of buffer space that is used is limited.
		In RED queues, packets can be dropped before the buffer is full.
		Packet drops are an exception rather than the rule and only occur when flows do not adequately respond to the ECN signal.
	www.icsi.berkeley.edu /~widmer/tfrc/thesis/node106.html (280 words)

	DRUM: Item 1903/200 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		While active queue management (AQM) mechanisms such as Random Early Detection (RED) are widely deployed in the Internet, they are rarely utilized or otherwise poorly configured.
		While micro-scale models of TCP are suitable for understanding the precise behavior of an individual flow, they are not well suited to the situation where a large number of TCP flows interact with each other as is the case in realistic networks.
		In this dissertation, an innovative approach to TCP traffic modeling is proposed by considering the regime where the number of TCP flows competing for the bandwidth in the bottleneck RED gateway is large.
	hdl.handle.net /1903/200 (213 words)

	RED - Random Early Detection
		Searched for more definitions; no definitions of RED found.
		Every attempt has been made to provide you with the correct acronym for RED.
		If we missed the mark, we would greatly appreciate your help by entering the correct or alternate meaning in the box below.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/RED.asp (98 words)

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	www.detectorinfo.com /virusalert (168 words)

	Having problem in writting simulation on Random Early Detection (RED) using C++
		Having problem in writting simulation on Random Early Detection (RED) using C++
		To take advantage of everything our knowledgable and exciting online community has to offer, please register.
		I am writting a simulation code on Random Early Detection (RED) and when i run the simulation, the average delay is too high.
	www.daniweb.com /techtalkforums/post82470.html (212 words)

	Shalabh Bhatnagar -- Home Page
		R.Vaidya and S.Bhatnagar, ` Robust optimization of random early detection', Submitted, 2005.
		R.Vaidya and S.Bhatnagar, ` Correlation based optimization of random early detection', Proceedings of IEEE INDICON, Kharagpur, 2004.
		S.Bhatnagar, M.C.Fu, S.I.Marcus and S.Bhatnagar, ` Randomized difference two-timescale simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation algorithms for simulation optimization of hidden Markov models', Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, URL: http://www.isr.umd.edu/TechReports/ ISR/2000 /TR_2000-13/, 2000.
	drona.csa.iisc.ernet.in /~shalabh (1763 words)

	Generic Random Early Detection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It looks like GRED with several internal queues, whereby the internal queue is chosen based on the Diffserv tcindex field.
		, it contains the capabilities of Cisco's 'Distributed Weighted RED', as well as Dave Clark's RIO.
		Each virtual queue can have its own Drop Parameters specified.
	lartc.org /howto/lartc.adv-qdisc.gred.html (55 words)

	Cisco IP Telephony Flash Cards: Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Home > Articles > Networking and Communications > IP Communications > Cisco IP Telephony Flash Cards: Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED)
		Sample Chapter is provided courtesy of Cisco Press.
		This chapter provides an overvew of Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED) for Cisco IP Telephony, including Question & Answer flash cards to help you prepare for the Cisco IP Telephony Exam.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=352991&seqNum=8 (700 words)

	WRED - Weighted Random Early Detection
		More information about the definition of WRED may appear below:
		RED uses an algorithm to randomly discard packets.The result of the drop is that the source detects the dropped traffic and slows its transmission.
		WRED combines the capabilities of the RED algorithm with IP precedence.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/WRED.asp (157 words)

	References
		Floyd, S., and Jacobson, V., Random Early Detection gateways for Congestion Avoidance V.1
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	engineway.com /q/references.htm (181 words)

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