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Topic: Random noise

	Random Noise Sources
		The advantage in raw noise is the ability to see the quality of the generator separate from the cryptographic output.
		This is random noise, and any one FFT computation can look peculiar; only the average of many such computations gives the (relatively) smooth curve we might at first expect.
		The noise source itself was localized (by opening the circuit at various stages) to the first stage, a mixer transistor.
	www.ciphersbyritter.com /NOISE/NOISRC.HTM (3044 words)

	Digital Photography Essentials #004 @Digital Outback Photo
		Noise in digital cameras is very different from noise in film, as illustrated in figures 1a and 1b.
		The noise floor is determined by the type of read circuits in the image sensor, the transistor characteristics, or imager support circuits such as the analog to digital convertor.
		This noise source, known as "photon shot noise", is proportional to the square root of the signal level.
	www.outbackphoto.com /dp_essentials/dp_essentials_04/essay.html (1396 words)

	AcoPacific - Noise Generators
		Noise Generator supplies White and Pink Noise, and a 1 kHz reference signal.
		Many computer generated noise sources utilize 16 bit registers with 32 kHz sample rates.
		The resulting 2 second pseudo-random cycle has a limited bandwidth - typically 50 Hz to 16 kHz and the repeated 2 second "fold-over" of the registers produce a measurable "click" - a source of measurement error often requiring averaging 10's or 100's measurements.
	www.acopacific.com /noisegen.html (190 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pseudo-random noise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Pseudorandom noise is a signal similar to noise which satisfies one or more of the standard tests for statistical randomness.
		In cryptographic devices, pseudo-random noise is mixed with entropy to increase randomness.
		Pseudorandom noise is used in some electronic musical instruments, either by itself or as an input to subtractive synthesis.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pseudo_random-noise (204 words)

	AllRefer.com - noise (Electrical Engineering) - Encyclopedia
		Random noise originates when a current flows through a conductor that has resistance and is above absolute zero in temperature.
		Noise also affects optical detection systems where light is treated by the particle, or quantum, theory.
		The noise can be from the detectors themselves, the electrical amplifiers that amplify the detector outputs, or thermal noise, which is caused by the vibration of atoms and molecules.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/noise.html (313 words)

	Perlin Noise
		Random number generators certainly have their uses, but at times their output can be too harsh to appear natural.
		A random value between 0 and 1 is assigned to every point on the X axis.
		Since all the noise functions are essentially the same, except for the values of those three big prime numbers, you can keep the same code, but simply use a different set of prime numbers for each.
	freespace.virgin.net /hugo.elias/models/m_perlin.htm (2736 words)

	Articles - Noise reduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Noise reduction is the process of removing noise from a signal.
		Noise reduction techniques are conceptually very similar regardless of the signal being processed, however a priori knowledge of the characteristics of an expected signal can mean the implementations of these techniques vary greatly depending on the type of signal.
		In salt-and-pepper noise (also known as random or independent noise), pixels in the image are vastly different in color from their surrounding pixels.
	www.masterize.com /articles/Noise_reduction (784 words)

	Ahumada & Beard, SPIE97
		If this internal noise is large compared to the variability introduced by randomizing the external noise, the random noise would be expected to mask only slightly more that a fixed sample masker, and the image discrimination predictions for fixed noise would be adequate for random noise conditions.
		A random noise was constructed from the fixed noise by selecting a random number from 1 to 128 [2] as the starting position for the upper left corner of the noise and then copying the values sequentially with wrap around.
		The dark line is the prediction of the Random condition of Experiment I (a), based on the criterion noise estimate from the increased in the Fixed threshold from Experiment II to Experiment I (b) and the increase in the threshold of the Random over the Fixed condition in Experiment II (c).
	ntrs.nasa.gov /archive/nasa/atrs.arc.nasa.gov/97spie-b/97spie-b.html (3114 words)

	JOSA.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A random noise was constructed from the fixed noise image by selecting a random number from 1 to 128128 as the starting position for the upper left corner of the noise* and then copying the values sequentially with wrap-around.
		When the noise attenuation factor was zero, there were still two blocks run, one with the image contrast at the standard value of 0.081 and one with background airport image at a higher value of 0.165.
		Burgess and Colborne[3] compared Random-Twin and Random conditions for the detection of visual targets in white noise and estimated the ratio of internal noise standard deviation to external noise standard deviation to be 0.75 ± 0.1.
	vision.arc.nasa.gov /personnel/al/papers/97osa-b/text.html (4083 words)

	WHITE NOISE GENERATOR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Audio noise generators are in widespread use by the criminal element to aid in carrying out criminal activities and to hinder investigative capabilities of law enforcement agencies.
		When a confidential meeting is set up, the noise generating unit is used to send noise vibrations to windows and walls, thus reducing, if not eliminating, the succeptability of being monitored by these modern high tech eavesdropping methods.
		Effective noise masking is wholly dependent on the phsyco-acoustic effect achieved by the location of the speakers.
	www.warplink.com /user/kencan/white.htm (1591 words)

	Intro. to Signal Processing:Signals and noise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There are many sources of noise in physical measurements, such as building vibrations, air currents, electric power fluctuations, stray radiation from nearby electrical apparatus, interference from radio and TV transmissions, random thermal motion of molecules, and even the basic quantum nature of matter and energy itself.
		One of the fundamental problems in signal measurement is distinguishing the noise from the signal.
		The thing that really distinguishes signal from noise is that the noise is not reproducible, that is, it is not the same from one measurement of the signal to the next, whereas the genuine signal is at least partially reproducible.
	www.wam.umd.edu /~toh/spectrum/SignalsAndNoise.html (431 words)

	ChipCenter: The Web's First Definitive Electronics Resource Noise/Chaos/Random Numbers/Linear Feedback Shift Register (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Another example of noise is where Texas Instruments uses a noise source for Artifact Mitigation in their white paper on their Andromeda ASIC all-digital approach to projection display.
		Johnson noise: Thermal agitation of electrons in the resistive portions of impedances results in the random movement of charge through those resistances, causing a voltage to appear corresponding to the instantaneous rate of charge of charge (i.e., current) multiplied by the appropriate resistance.
		White noise: In a white noise spectrum, e-sub-n [Spectral noise density] is constant as a function of frequency....
	www.clarion-net.com /bpaddock/cco/noise/c89r4.htm (3756 words)

	Random noise from within objects reveals their internal structure
		Random noise from within objects reveals their internal structure
		Weaver and Lobkis not only proved that the vibrations were indeed measurable, they also showed that by correlating what appeared to be random noise, considerable information could be gleaned about an object’s interior.
		Weaver and Lobkis validated their technique by autocorrelating the noise from a passive piezoelectric transducer mounted to the sample and then comparing that result with an active measurement they obtained using conventional ultrasonics.
	www.news.uiuc.edu /scitips/01/11ultrasonics.html (466 words)

	Chapter 8: Statistical Description of Fourier Coefficients
		Another implication is that each sample of noise is statistically independent of all of the other noise values and yet is drawn from a population which has the same statistical properties as all of the other samples.
		This is in contrast to a case where, say, the noise is larger at the end of an experiment than it was at the beginning which would violate the assumption of identically distributed noise.
		Fourier analysis of stochastic, or random, signals is usually done in polar form because the random nature of the signal diminishes the importance of phase, leaving just the magnitude portion of the spectrum of interest.
	research.opt.indiana.edu /Library/FourierBook/ch08.html (2986 words)

	[music-dsp] auditory patterns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hardware IC noise chips (as used in spectrum analyzers ferinstance), clocked at audio rates, typically run full-circle and repeat with a period of a few seconds.
		But each individual noise diode or noise transistor, installed in each unit on the assembly line, would have different, unpredictable spectral distribution.
		Shift-register noise is "pretty good" from a long-term-fequency-distribution standpoint, but the instantaneous frequency distribution evolves over the period of the loop.
	shoko.calarts.edu /pipermail/music-dsp/2003-June/023967.html (862 words)

	Hardware random number generators
		A hardware random number generator uses a physical phenomenon such as electrical noise from a resistor or semiconductor diode or the decay of a radioactive material for the initial source of randomness.
		The analogue noise source is the noise resistor or semiconductor and the digitiser converts the output of the noise generator into a sequence of digital 0s and 1s.
		For keyword generation in encryption one can estimate how close to uniform random the generator needs to be and the answer is that minor variations from uniform random don’t greatly reduce the security – this is not surprising since one uses only around 100 bits in keyword (or maybe a few 1000 in some applications).
	www.robertnz.net /hwrng.htm (4444 words)

	random.org - random integer generator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The true random numbers are generated using atmospheric noise which for many purposes is better than the pseudo-random numbers typically generated by computer programs.
		If you want to know more, read the introduction to randomness and random numbers or go back to the random.org main page.
		If you're interested in random bytes (rather than integers in configurable intervals) check out the byte generator which lets you generate up to 16 kilobytes random bytes in one go.
	www.random.org /nform.html (145 words)

	True random number generators
		A hardware (true) random number generator is a piece of electronics that plugs into a computer and produces genuine random numbers as opposed to the pseudo-random numbers that are produced by a computer program such as newran.
		The usual method is to amplify noise generated by a resistor (Johnson noise) or a semi-conductor diode and feed this to a comparator or Schmitt trigger.
		So I would really like my hardware random number generator to be as good as possible and the pseudo-random number generator to be used to clean up the very small amount of correlation or bias that remains in the output from the hardware random number generator.
	www.robertnz.net /true_rng.html (3868 words)

	Value Tronics - New and Used Test Equipment - Tektronix 1430 Random Noise Measuring Set (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Description: The Tektronix 1430 is a used Random Noise Measuring Set that provides measurement capabilities on an in-service basis using the adjacent noise matching technique with a waveform monitor.
		Noise measurement signals pedestal amplitude is 10, 50, and 100 IRE nominal.
		The pedestal noise amplitude is from -20 dB to -59.9 dB.
	www.valuetronics.com /Details.cfm?ProdID=3362 (269 words)

	Friday random ten (broadcast me a joyful noise) > the smedley log
		Posted by howard on Friday, November 10th, 2006 at 12:01 am and filed under friday random ten.
		You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
		A Modest Construct » Friday Random Ten XC
	www.thesmedleylog.com /archives/940 (260 words)

	ERSL TERRESTRIAL REMOTE SENSING PROJECTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		We are currently developing an ultra-wideband (UWB) dual-polarized random noise radar system operating in the 1-2 GHz frequency band for detection of shallow buried objects with high depth resolution.
		A unique signal processing scheme is employed to introduce coherence in the random noise signal permitting extraction of the polarimetric amplitude and phase of the scattered signal.
		Random noise radars have been analyzed extensively over the past forty years.
	doppler.unl.edu /html/terr-projects.html (3501 words)

	Ray's Multi Noise and Random Gate/Trigger Generator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The white noise that is developed across the e-b junction is capacitively coupled into OP-Amp IC1-B where a gain of between 470 to as much as you want is applied.
		IC1-A is used as a comparator comparing the average value of the noise to the noise itself.
		When the noise appearing on IC1-D is higher than the voltage applied to its pin 13 then IC1-D's output goes high.
	www.musicfromouterspace.com /analogsynth/multinoisemodule_exp.html (626 words)

	Random Noise Could Have Affected Climate In Ice Age
		Under certain conditions, random noise such as electrical static can paradoxically increase a weak signal's detectability, and in general amplify the signal's influence on its surroundings.
		Now, SR is coming back home to climate: New research suggests that random "noise" could have triggered a climatic rollercoaster during the last Ice Age.
		As the researchers explain, these climate-altering circulation patterns might have switched from one state to another through the influence of a weak 1,500 year cycle, whose effects were amplified by environmental noise, such as random changes in the amount of precipitation and meltwater (melted ice and snow) entering the Nordic Seas.
	unisci.com /stories/20021/0116021.htm (488 words)

	Transient Random - Noise Bursts with Announce... - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transient_Random_-_Noise_Bursts_with_Announce... (43 words)

	Random Noise generators - DSP
		Now what i want to know is a good way to compute the noise values.
		random variable which is uniformly distributed on the area under f
		random variable is by using the Central Limit Theorem.
	www.castalk.com /post-9730.html (912 words)

	Halfbakery: Random Noise Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Rather than having a fixed sound for each device in your home, create a repository of sounds that are called up at random to be used by each device as needed.
		my observation, if you have enough electonics and noise makers in your house to justify a random noise thingy, you have too many.
		This might actually work if each appliance was programmed to emit the random noise in a particular pitch - that way you'd know if it was your phone ringing/jingling/banging/parping by the pitch of the sound.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/Random_20Noise_20Home (302 words)

	Random Noise Generation, Lenny Burden News, Detroit Techno Specialist : Renegade Rhythms
		Renegade Rhythms presented 430 West recording artists Random Noise Generation, and Octave One records DJ Lawrence Burden to Portland, OR on Saturday, March 18 at Zoot Suite.
		After a short intermission, Random Noise Generation presented a magical evening of live techno.
		And he whipped the crowd into a frenzy as Lenny Burden was preparing the stage for Random Noise Generation.
	www.renegaderhythms.com /dj/guests/rng/news.html (1721 words)

	snarkout: faces in the clouds
		The more common problem, however, is pareidolia, in which people see patterns in noise.
		(Psychologist George Wolford has examined the tendancy of people to find patterns in random sequences, even when they are told that the sequences are random; he credits the left hemisphere).
		Pareidolia is responsible for us making out faces in clouds in the sky (or in clouds of smoke), the appearance of religious figures in tortillas, ghosts in lights, and a slew of other phenomenena that seem eerie or supernatural.
	www.snarkout.org /archives/2003/11/25 (483 words)

	1051-713 NOISE AND RANDOM PROCESSES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The purpose of this course is to develop an understanding and ability in modeling noise and random processes within the context of imaging systems.
		The focus will be on stationary random processes in both one dimension (time) and two dimensions (spatial).
		This is a good concept for a lot of different situations, from quantum noise to shot noise.
	www.cis.rit.edu /class/simg713/SIMG-713CourseOutline.html (320 words)

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