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Topic: Rangeland

	Rangeland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rangeland refers to a large, mostly unimproved section of land that is predominantly used for livestock grazing.
		Rangeland is generally arid or otherwise unsuitable for farming.
		Ranchers may lease portions of this public rangeland and pay a fee based on the number and type of livestock and the period for which they are on the land.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rangeland (184 words)

	Rangeland - Grasshopper Guide XVIII
		Cool-season grasses such as needlegrasses, wheatgrasses, and bluegrasses begin growth before grasshoppers become active, during late-March or early-April, and grow most rapidly when air temperatures are 65-75°F. By the time infestation of grasshoppers begin to heavily defoliate plants, cool-season grasses have completed their growth and recharged energy reserves needed for spring growth next year.
		Each year rangeland vegetation is defoliated by livestock, wildlife, insects, hail and/or fire.
		On healthy rangeland, standing herbage consists of a mixture of residual herbage from preceding years and current-year herbage.
	highplainsipm.org /HpIPMSearch/Docs/GrasshopperGuide-Rangeland.htm (2244 words)

	Water Quality: The Rangeland Component
		Native rangeland in North Dakota should be grazed no earlier than June 1, with the exception of the southeastern region where about May 20 is recommended.
		Proper rangeland management is an important step in the improvement of water quality in rangeland dominated areas.
		Rangelands that are in good condition and maintaining 50 percent of the aboveground cover by weight will have little to no runoff, protecting water quality.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extpubs/plantsci/hay/r1028w.htm (3081 words)

	Sustainable Rangeland Ranching: A Life-time Cattleman's Perspective
		Desert rangelands should be stocked for 10 to 15% usage of the annual production of key forage species, short-grass rangelands for 20 to 25%, mid-grass rangelands for 30 to 35%, and tall-grass rangelands at 35 to 45%.
		The conservation objective of both strategies is to protect rangelands from harmful practices such as overgrazing, soil and aquifer depletion, fire suppression, introduction of exotic plants and animals, and land fragmentation.
		The distinctive characteristic of sustainable rangeland ranching is the set of processes the rancher must use to solve problems and maintain an acceptable balance between the economic, ecological, and social aspects of his operation.
	www.nativehabitat.org /perspective.html (8926 words)

	Expert About ra:Rangeland
		Rangeland occupies 50% of the world's land surface, is home to many indigenous communities, has varied ecosystems often characterised by multiple use upon which an important focus is the maintenance of the basic resource and the socio-economic outcomes.
		Rangeland systems are interrelated with non-rangeland and urban systems and must not be considered in isolation (Global Rangelands: Progress and Prospects, CABI Publishing 2002).
		The Australian Rangeland Society is an independent and non-aligned association whose members wish to see that the rangelands are used in a sustainable fashion for any purpose commensurate within their innate capacity.
	expertsite.biz /dir/ra/rangeland.htm (1921 words)

	EPA - Pasture, Rangeland, and Grazing Animals
		Rangelands are those lands on which the native vegetation (climax or natural potential plant community) is predominantly grasses, grass-like plants, forbs, or shrubs suitable for grazing or browsing use.
		In most cases, rangeland supports native vegetation that is extensively managed through the control of livestock rather than by agronomy practices, such as fertilization, mowing, and irrigation.
		Rangeland also includes areas that have been seeded to introduced species (e.g., crested wheatgrass), but which are extensively managed like native range.
	www.epa.gov /agriculture/anprgidx.html (231 words)

	Briefing: The Social Ecology of Rangeland Reform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Rangeland pastoralism is an ancient resource system in which humans use grazing animals to convert vegetation to meat, blood, milk and other products (4).
		Arguments over rangeland water development also revealed the utilitarian and Calvinistic "theory of necessary human intervention" as part of a broader ideal that humans had an obligation to improve on nature, by, for instance, developing water sources for cattle and wildlife where none previously existed.
		Rangeland Reform '94 was a tilt toward greater enforcement and restrictions on ranchers.
	www.colorado.edu /geography/projects_research/range/brief3_perceptions.html (3342 words)

	Management Factors Affecting Rangeland Forage Quality: An Annotated Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Rangelands J. With any grazing method, the grazing pressure applied to an individual plant is a site, stock density and time dependent variable and the diet selection hierarchy of grazing animals is to the disadvantage of the most palatable and actively growing pasture components.
		Rangeland J. Grazing the woodlands of semi-arid and arid Australia by domestic stock has extensively collapsed perennial grass populations and thereby fostered woody plant increase.
		This study examined the pattern of grazing of individual grass plants by sheep in the landscape of a semi-arid woodland, and a model was developed describing the spatial and temporal influences on the grazing pressure placed on plants.
	uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu /RenewableResources/classes/Management.htm (20585 words)

	Rangeland Health \| RCA Publication Archive \| Analysis Publications \| State of the Land \| NRCS
		This method of determining rangeland condition was first used in the 1940's to help ranchers determine the value of their land for livestock grazing.
		Healthy rangeland can be described as land where erosion is not occurring at an accelerated rate, where most precipitation infiltrates into the soil and is used onsite for plant growth or flows as ground water to stream systems.
		The "threshold of rangeland health" represents the point where degradation is so severe that improvement will be possible only through application of improvement practices such as chemical or mechanical control of weeds or brush and seeding of desired species.
	www.nrcs.usda.gov /technical/land/pubs/ib10text.html (2344 words)

	Rangeland
		Rangelands are defined by the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Programme (EMAP) of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as "terrestrial systems characterized by a climate regime where the potential evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation, annual precipitation ranges from less than 50 to 600 millimetres, and air temperatures range from -40 to 50 degrees centigrade.
		This first generation of large rangeland development projects have addressed a number of issues including: sedentarizing nomads, borehole provision, veterinary care, subsidized feeds and livestock production, revegetation of depleted ranges, feed reserves, establisment of fodder shrubs, creation of pastoral and fattening cooperatives and establishment of regulations to optimize utilization of rangeland resources (el-shorbagy 1998).
		To improve the use of rangelands (where there is conflict and disagreement between parties) all users and their political and social relationships should be explored in order to identify who are the real range users and who has the traditional rights to the territory.
	www.fao.org /WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGP/AGPC/doc/Present/FAO/Baas.htm (6049 words)

	SD : Environment : Special: Remote Sensing for Decision-makers : Rangeland assessment and monitoring
		Rangeland accounts for almost 80 percent of Morocco's land area and supplies about 30 percent of the feed needed for its estimated 26 million head of livestock (sheep, goats, cattle and camels).
		A GIS was used for rangeland stratification and positioning of the sampling frame.
		A statistical inventory of national rangelands in terms of species coverage (alfa grass, mugwort, etc.) with an accuracy of 90 percent.The statistical study was based on a sampling frame of 30 SPOT scenes within the different strata, each comprising 30 segments of four hectares.
	www.fao.org /sd/EIdirect/EIre0071.htm (783 words)

	Montana's Rangeland
		Fifty-eight percent of rangeland consists of grass, shrubs, and forbs.
		The government also owns rangeland, which is generally leased by ranchers who care for the land, and manage the grass by raising livestock on it.
		Rangeland is not just a home for domestic livestock, it also serves many other purposes.
	montanakids.com /db_engine/presentations/presentation.asp?pid=125 (528 words)

	REMAP Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program:
		Rangelands dominate the world land area (47 percent) and are greater than 70 percent of the area of the western United States.
		Rangelands dominate the world land area (47 percent) and are greater than 70 percent of the area of the western U.S. In the United States, these lands are managed for numerous societal values and products that include food, fibers, minerals, and recreation.
		On rangelands with few perennial streams and associated riparian areas (<2% of watershed area) hydrologic stability is of paramount importance.
	www.usu.edu /remap/wat2000c/paper/wat20v1.html (6796 words)

	Rehabilitation of Weed-infested Rangeland
		A well-developed rangeland weed management plan provides for the development of a healthy and weed-resistant plant community appropriate to the biology and ecology of the affected land..
		Though grasses dominate rangeland and are the most commonly used species in revegetation, it may be advantageous to use a combination of species with differing growth forms when designing seed mixes.
		Rangelands are dynamic plant communities that are constantly being shaped by the process of succession.
	www.montana.edu /wwwpb/pubs/mt9811.html (3038 words)

	Rangeland Health and Sustainablility
		Healthy rangelands have a minimum of erosion because the soil surface has sufficient plant cover to protect it from the impact of rain.
		Healthy rangelands produce a variety of herbaceous forage for livestock and wildlife.
		And, most important, the ecological processes on healthy rangelands (hydrologic cycle, nutrient cycle and energy flow) function well and support healthy plants and animals.
	agfacts.tamu.edu /D10/Edwards/Apr_May_6_.html (188 words)

	Mapping Weekly Rangeland Vegetation Productivity Using MODIS Algorithms
		Vegetation productivity is a measure of rangeland vigor and vegetation growth capacity, which are important components of rangeland management and health assessment.
		Analyses of trends in NPP are useful as indicators of vegetation vigor, seasonality, and growth capacity for rangeland management and rangeland health assessment.
		On non-equilibrium rangelands, it has been suggested that plant species composition does not have the assumed effect on grazing animal performance and that animal production in these areas is influenced by total grass production (Ellis and Swift 1988 and Mentis et al.
	uvalde.tamu.edu /jrm/remote/srm_modis_mapping.htm (4273 words)

	A Proposed National Rangeland Conservation Reserve Program (RCRP)
		The inability of past government assistance programs to objectively address the root cause of rangeland overgrazing -- which is ranchers loading-up their grazing lands with grazers and browsers in an attempt to improve the profitability of their operations -- has caused me to form the following conclusion.
		I believe that, if overstocking and overgrazing and their devastating effect on ranching enterprises and our country's rangelands are allowed to continue, it will eventually effect the well being of our nation.
		I recommend that a special committee of rangeland biologists, ecologists, and environmental economists be assigned the task of determining per acre ecological value.
	www.nativehabitat.org /rcrp.html (2911 words)

	CAIM98-080 Rangeland Health Management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Assessments of rangeland health conditions must be made and documented on all grazing allotments, regardless of the past management or management priorities placed on the allotments (i.e., categories I, M, and C).
		Monitoring of rangeland health conditions during and after implementation is essential for measuring progress in achieving rangeland health standards, determining the effectiveness of the management measures applied, and determining if compliance is made in regards to the guidelines and subsequent terms and conditions of the permit or lease.
		I have reviewed and concur with the determinations and supporting rationale regarding the achievement or lack thereof of rangeland health standards documented herein and, in the cases where standards are not achieved, the determination and rationale regarding the contributing factor(s) for failure to achieve the standards.
	www.blm.gov /nhp/efoia/ca/Public/IMs/1998/CAIM98-080.htm (5638 words)

	Rangeland management during drought
		Although we don't know what the future holds, we can be certain there will be droughts and livestock producers will be faced with the painful dilemma of reducing stocking rates (grazing pressure) or damaging their rangeland.
		When moisture is scarce, rangelands with adequate litter reserves will produce more forage than those with less litter.
		Rangeland in good to excellent condition provides the best protection against drought.
	www.agr.gc.ca /pfra/drought/info/droughtp_e.htm (1215 words)

	Rangeland Health (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sometimes overlooked and under-appreciated, rangelands contribute significantly to the quality of life of residents and visitors alike.
		BLM's 200 million + acres of rangeland have long been valued for livestock grazing and mining, but rangelands now are also prized for their recreation opportunities, wildlife habitats, watershed, cultural values, and scenery.
		During the western migration of the mid and late 1800s, rangelands attracted settlers who wanted to build a new life of ranching, farming, business, and mining.
	www.blm.gov /utah/resources/grazing/rangeland_health.htm (477 words)

	Managing Saskatchewan Rangeland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A growing problem on Saskatchewan pasture and rangeland is the invasion and spread of undesirable plants.
		True range weeds invade rangeland or pasture and are not part of the natural plant complex.
		This is particularly beneficial on rangeland where a mixture of grasses and forbs are desired.
	www.agr.gov.sk.ca /DOCS/crops/forage_pasture/forage_management_production/msr13.asp?firstPick=Crops&secondPick=Forage/Pasture&pick=&child=1 (3625 words)

	CRS Report: - - NLE
		The debate over rangeland management today involves fundamental questions (and differing opinions) about how best to manage federal rangelands and how to allocate their use among competing interests.
		Among the most controversial aspects of the Administration's new rangeland rules are provisions related to increased public participation in rangeland management decisions, a focus on ecosystem health and protection, and potential reductions in the number of livestock allowed to graze.
		Debate during the 1980s and early 1990s largely focused on the appropriate fee for the use of federal rangelands and the effects of domestic livestock grazing on ecologically sensitive lands.
	www.ncseonline.org /NLE/CRSreports/Agriculture/ag-17.cfm?&CFID=569035&CFTOKEN=45404629 (1748 words)

	CSIRO CAZR - Publications List - All
		Bastin, G.N. and Chewings, V.H. Erosion forecasting in the rangelands.
		Foran, B.D. and Bastin, G.N. The dynamics of a Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.) rangeland on the Barkly Tableland, Northern Territory.
		In 'Sustainable habitation in the rangelands: proceedings of the Fenner Conference on the Environment'.
	www.cazr.csiro.au /pub_all.htm (9027 words)

	Rangeland Weed Management, from the Montana State University Extension Service
		The goal is to determine and record the weed species present, the area infested, the density of the infestation, rangeland under threat of invasion, soil and range types and other site factors pertinent to successful management of weed-infested rangeland.
		Integrated weed management includes preventing encroachment into rangeland that is not infested, detecting and eradicating new weed introductions, containing large-scale infestations, controlling large-scale infestations using an integrated approach, and often, revegetation.
		Preventing the introduction of rangeland weeds is the most practical and cost-effective method for their management.
	www.montana.edu /wwwpb/pubs/mt9504.html (1869 words)

	Rangeland Protection Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		vast rangeland areas are producing less than their potential for the grazing of livestock, wildlife habitat, forage and water and soil conservation benefits; and
		"rangeland" means land that is not cultivated and is used primarily for grazing of domestic livestock and wildlife in addition to being a source of wood products and water.
		(2) be convened at least once annually to discuss rangeland protection projects conducted during the preceding year and to provide updated recommendations and guidance for future projects as necessitated by, but not limited to, changes in available funding, laws or technology.
	nmdaweb.nmsu.edu /Statutes/APR/rangelan.htm (929 words)

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