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Topic: Ranks in the French Navy

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	French Navy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The French Navy (Marine Nationale) is the maritime arm of the French military and the second largest Western European navy in terms of gross tonnage, but the largest in terms of personnel.
		Frigate division of the French Navy in Toulon harbour
		French naval authorities were divided on their response: Amiral Jean de Laborde, the commander of the Forces de Haute Mer (the High Seas Fleet) advocated sailing to attack the Allied invasion fleet while others, such as the Vichy Secretary of the Navy, Contre-Amiral Auphan favoured joining the Allies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Navy (1174 words)

	Military of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The President of the Republic is the Commander-in-Chief of the French military, which counts the defense of national territory, the protection of French interests abroad, and the maintenance of global stability as some of its primary objectives.
		French active-duty military at the beginning numbers approximately 270,000 (World Almanac 2004), of which nearly 35,000 were assigned outside of metropolitan France.
		French Nuclear testing in the Pacific, and the Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior strained French relations with its Allies and South Pacific states.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_of_France (1056 words)

	Ranks in the French Navy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The rank insignia of the French Navy are worn on epaulettes of shirts and white jackets, and on sleeves for navy jackets and mantels.
		Unlike the French Army, officers are not called Mon Commandant, but only Commandant; this custom dates back to the Battle of Trafalgar, when Napoleon decided that French Navy officers did not deserve to be called "monsieur" (the "mon" in mon Commandant does not mean "my", but "sir").
		Commanding officers have titles of capitaine, but are called commandant (in the army, both capitaine and commandant are ranks, which tends to stir some confusion among the public).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ranks_in_the_French_Navy (230 words)

	French And American Involvement In Indochina
		French naval forces responded to opposition in the north by bombardment of the port city of Haiphong where tens of thousands of innocent citizens perished.
		French use of collaborators made those individuals contemptible to their adversaries; they were considered enemies of the state that must be totally eliminated.
		French influence was sufficiently strong to enlist large numbers of Vietnamese to join their governing bodies and also their military units.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1995/ADS.htm (11439 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: France
		The result of the diplomacy of Richelieu (1624-42) and of Mazarin (1643-61) was a fresh defeat for the House of Austria; French arms were victorious at Rocroi, Fribourg, Nördlingen, Lens, Sommershausen (1643-48), and by the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and that of the Pyrenees (1659), Alsace, Artois, and Roussillion were annexed to French territory.
		During the course of the nineteenth century French diplomacy at Rome and in the East has aimed at safeguarding the prerogatives of France as patron of Oriental Christendom, and of thus justifying the traditional trust of the Orientals in the "Franks" as the natural champions of Christianity in the Ottoman Empire.
		Side by side with this peaceful conquest of the African continent by the initiative of a French cardinal, a place of honour must be given to the wonderful part played in the colonization and development of French Guiana, since the year 1828, by Mother Javouhey, of whose efforts in Senegal we have already spoken.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06166a.htm (14216 words)

	Royal Navy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Royal Navy is the navy of the United Kingdom.
		The reformation and major expansion of the Navy Royal as it was then known occurred the reign of King Henry VIII whose ships the " Great Harry " and the " Mary Rose " engaged the French navy in a battle in the Solent in 1545.
		In the latter stages of the Cold War the Royal Navy was reconfigured with ASW aircraft carriers and a force of small frigates and destroyers.
	www.freeglossary.com /Royal_Navy (1172 words)

	Rochambeau Article
		Although the French officers were billeted among citizens, the troops were maintained in separate camps outside of the city.
		The French troops were commended by many for their amazing discipline, which is really a reflection upon the quality of the commander.
		A larger French naval squadron, with a contingent of French army troops, departed Newport on 9 March, but was prevented from entering the Chesapeake Bay after a 16 March naval engagement with a British squadron..
	xenophongroup.com /mcjoynt/rochamb.htm (3789 words)

	PERSPECTIVE on the FRENCH-AMERICAN ALLIANCE
		However, without the French military presence, the American colonists felt confident in dealing with the Indians on their own and were reluctant to support the continued expense of deployed English forces overseas.
		French aid to the US may have hastened the financial difficulties that contributed to the French Revolution, but the causes of the latter were far more complex.
		Most authors that claim French aid was not decisive or essential usually do not address the mutinies occurring in the American army and many signs of discouragement growing in the American community (which was never as united as popular myth suggests) as the duration of the war extended.
	xenophongroup.com /mcjoynt/allianc2.htm (4712 words)

	The French Contribution to the American War of Independence
		The French government hoped to redress the balance of power that resulted from the French humiliation in the Seven Years Wars, which gave considerable economic and military advantages to Britain.
		French land and sea forces fought on the side of the American colonists against the British.
		In the end, these French soldiers became the hard anvil upon which the new American nation was forged and the chains of British imperial domination were finally broken.
	people.csail.mit.edu /sfelshin/saintonge/frhist.html (938 words)

	Navy SEALs.com - US Navy SEAL History Vietnam
		By late 1945, the OSS Teams were finally withdrawn and the French agreed to recognize the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam as long as it remained part of France.
		The French were defeated at Dien Bien Phu because they greatly underestimated the determination and abilities of the Vietnamese guerrilla forces.
		Neither the bravery of the French troops, nor the legendary heroics of the French Foreign Legion paratroopers, were enough to save the situation.
	www.navyseals.com /community/navyseals/history_vietnam.cfm (2855 words)

	Hattendorf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Navies are particularly susceptible to this tendency since, in contrast to officers in other branches of service, naval officers, by and large, have tended to ignore the value of and advantages to be found in historical insight.
		Modern naval history looks at navies not only within their national contexts or as instruments of particular national states but also from wider international and comparative perspectives, in terms either of the chronological development of specific events or of the broad, long-term development of navies around the world.
		The ability of historians within the Navy to publish historical studies that meet high academic standards and become part of the academic historical discourse is essential to the Navy’s ability to inform the public about its contributions to national life and its role in international affairs.
	www.nwc.navy.mil /press/Review/2003/Spring/art1-sp3.htm (7903 words)

	The French Revolution
		The French pursued the Austrians into the Netherlands, and on November 6 a force of 45,000 French defeated an army of 13,000 Austrians near Jemappes, 50 kilometers southwest of Brussels.
		The French had the first citizen's army in 2000 years, and a massive army of conscripts were beginning to show its superiority over smaller professional armies.
		In the spring of 1796, French armies were pushing through the Holy Roman Empire, and Napoleon Bonaparte was given command of an army directed against the Austrians and Piedmont.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h33-fr.html (9318 words)

	NAVYSEALS.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		With their military policy which was not effective against these guerrilla tactics, the best the French could do was to hold the primary populated areas and main lines of communication, hoping to draw the Viet Mihn into a major action.
		The French were defeated at Dien Bien Phu because they sadly underestimated the determination and abilities of the Vietnamese guerrilla forces.
		Many of their members came from the Navy's UDT units who had already gained experience in commando warfare in Korea, although the UDTs were still necessary to the Navy's amphibious force.
	www.navyseals.com /hist/vietnam.html (2853 words)

	Labor Law Protests in Paris Erupt in Violence - New York Times
		It was not immediately clear what impact the violence would have on the mood of the country, but some officials said it was bad publicity for the student movement.
		The head of the French socialist party, François Hollande, said on France Info, the news radio, that he believed the government would not be "too unhappy there are incidents," because "it casts a shadow on the protest itself."
		French universities and high schools also continued their protests.
	www.nytimes.com /2006/03/24/international/europe/23cnd-france.html?ex=1300856400&en=4a3c9826dfd1009c&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss (1001 words)

	Degrasse
		Absent from the victors' ranks was an officer who had done as much as anyone to bring about that moment, but had yet to set foot on the continent, Francois Joseph Paul, comte de Grasse.
		Commanding officer of the French fleet, de Grasse was on his flagship, the Ville de Paris, too sick to witness the surrender.
		The French held all the cards: when hundreds of cannon began to spit fire and destruction at each other, de Grasse's ships fired broadside after broadside into Drake's division, which was slowly approaching at a 90-degree angle and still had to turn before its cannon could even hit them.
	www.americanrevolution.org /degrasse.html (4023 words)

	The Chronicle: 3/21/2003: When Teaching the Ethics of War Is Not Academic
		The midshipmen were to spell out as clearly as possible how the roles they intended to fill as future Navy and Marine Corps officers are distinct in morally relevant ways from that of, say, an Al Qaeda operative.
		He was supposed to use his shield to protect the man next to him in formation, so to abandon his shield was not only to be a coward but also to break faith with his comrades.
		Shannon E. French is an assistant professor of philosophy at the U.S. Naval Academy.
	chronicle.com /free/v49/i28/28b00701.htm (2782 words)

	Comparative military ranks - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Comparative military ranks are a means of comparing military rank systems of different nations as a means of categorizing the hierarchy of an armed force compared to another.
		Ranks and insignia of the National Socialist Flyers Corps
		Ranks and insignia of the National Socialist Motor Corps
	comparativemilitaryranks.quickseek.com (99 words)

	Ships of the Old Navy, A History of Sailing Ships of the Royal Navy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A short HISTORY of the first half of the nineteenth century, so far as it affected the navy, is included to provide a framework for understanding the various actions.
		The names of Marines are in lower case to distinguish between naval and marine ranks.
		The rank of Commander should be assumed when not otherwise indicated, for the captain of a warship.
	www.cronab.demon.co.uk /INTRO.HTM (729 words)

	Naval traditions: Names of ranks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The British navy was the most successful in the world at that time so the Continental Congress' navy committee, headed by John Adams who became President after Washington, copied it as they set up our Navy.
		Revolutionary Army rank insignia, however, did not follow the British patterns but was similar to the insignia used by the French, our allies after 1779.
		Its officers use the same ranks and rank insignia as the Army.
	www.history.navy.mil /trivia/triv04-3.htm (478 words)

	Force Océanique Stratégique Biography,info
		The Force Océanique Stratégique (FOST, Strategic Oceanic Force) are the strategic submarine forces of the French Navy.
		The four-SSBN Escadrille des Sous-Marins Lanceurs d'Engins (ESNLE, engine-launcher nuclear submarines squadron), the submarine component of the French nuclear deterence
		The organic chain of command deals with the preparation of the units for their missions, which depends on the chef d'état-major de la marine (CEMM, chief of staff of the Navy).
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_FOST (328 words)

	Rodger French Weblog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It accompanied me through high school, college, the Navy, marriage, divorce and experimentations with altered states of awareness.
		Those who currently serve will, if they live, join the ranks of veterans - a group I am proud to be a member of.
		French is an entertainer, a Navy veteran and a card-carrying Liberal.
	home.earthlink.net /~deluxevaudeville/rgfrenchweblog (6706 words)

	France During the French Revolution and Under Napoleon Bonaparte (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		French National Assembly passes the Le Chapelier law, which prohibits economic associations, thus ending the guild system in France.
		The cannon are enveloped in hollow tree trunks, and are dragged across the ice and snow by French soldiers, since there are not enough mules for the task and the peasants refused to undertake the arduous work.
		French general Moreau, in an 18-hour battle in Germany, captures 5,000 Austrians, twenty pieces of cannon, and considerable magazines.
	www.txdirect.net /users/rrichard/napoleo1.htm (4645 words)

	Belgian Navy Main page
		In 1996, the Navy celebrated its fiftieth anniversary since being legally ackowledged as being an integral part of the Belgian Armed Forces.
		On Thursday, December 22nd, Belgium and the Netherlands signed the contract of purchase of two general-purpose frigates type M. The contract was signed by the Belgian Minister of Defence, André Flahaut, and the Dutch State Secretary for the Defence, Cees van der Knaap.
		Their arrival in the Belgian navy is scheduled respectively in March 2007 and in March 2008.
	www.mil.be /navycomp/index.asp?LAN=E (381 words)

	US Navy SEAL Teams
		The author, a Navy Cross winning SEAL with Team One in Vietnam, gives a great first person account of that Team's operations "in-country".
		Death In The Jungle, Diary of a Navy SEAL by Gary R. Smith and Alan Maki.
		A fascinating memoir of service with the "human torpedoes" of the Italian Navy's 10th Light Flotilla is, 40 years later, still considered the definitive account of the world's first combat swimmers.
	www.warbooks.com /seal.html (1035 words)

	World War Two Lanyards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Officers and Other Ranks of the overseas unit (recce unit of the Third Division) are listed as wearing Blue, White and Green lanyards.
		This lanyard was identical to that worn by the Regina Rifles.
		A fl and "old gold" (yellow) lanyard was worn on the left shoulder by all ranks of the overseas battalion.
	www.canadiansoldiers.com /insignia/wwiilanyards.htm (945 words)

	Belmont Club: July 2004
		French officials, lawmakers, commentators and Jewish leaders all told Mr.
		French President Jacques Chirac has ended the row between Paris and Jerusalem over Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's call for French Jews to flee the wave of "wild anti-Semitism" in France and immigrate to Israel.
		That followed on the heels of the kidnapping of "Gaza Police Chief Razi Jabali and Colonel Khaled Abu Aloula, the director of military coordination for the Gaza Strip, and four French aid workers" by factions opposed to Arafat.
	belmontclub.blogspot.com /2004_07_01_belmontclub_archive.html (15002 words)

	USS TALBOT COUNTY (LST 1153)
		I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States of America and I will obey the orders of those appointed over me. I represent the fighting spirit of the Navy and those who have gone before me to defend freedom and democracy around the world.
		The most prideful moment in an enlisted Sailors life is when he or she becomes, in addition to a Sailor, a Chief Petty Officer - able to enter the CPO Mess without knocking - and really belonging to the mess.
		Behind this door is the CPO Mess, better known to Navy personnel as "The Goat Locker".
	www.geocities.com /Pentagon/7312 (1109 words)

	The Seven Year War Website - French and Indian War Military Replicas Section
		A number of navy uniforms were made for the Canadian War Museum for the celebration of the 250th anniversary of the first siege of the Fortress of Louisbourg.
		These uniforms were made of superfine wool from England and gilt metal lace from France.
		The Discriminating General is in no way to be held accountable for the use of any content on this website.
	www.militaryheritage.com /7ywrepca.htm (573 words)

	Operation Clambake presents: A Paramilitary Cult
		In 1967, L. Ron Hubbard raised a private navy, appointed himself Commodore, donned a dashing uniform of his own design and set forth on an extraordinary odyssey, leading a fleet of ships across the oceans variously pursued by the CIA, the FBI, the international press and a miscellany of suspicious government and maritime agencies.
		Former Scientologist and Sea Org member of 16 years, Jesse Prince was a senior executive in the Religious Technology Center, Scientology's top management and trademark organization.
		Crew were given high ranks on the ship, even though most were completely unskilled in operating a ship at sea.
	www.xenu.net /archive/so (2803 words)

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