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Topic: Raphael Cartoons

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	Raphael - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Raphael or Raffaello (April 6, 1483 – April 6, 1520) was a master painter and architect of the Florentine school in the Italian High Renaissance, celebrated for the perfection and softness of his paintings.
		One of his most important papal commissions was the series of 10 cartoons for tapestries with scenes of the lives of Saint Paul and Saint Peter, intended as wall decoration for the Sistine Chapel.
		The cartoons were sent to Bruxelles to be sewn in the workshop of Pier van Aelst; the first three tapestries were sent to Rome in 1519.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Raphael (1773 words)

	Raphael Cartoons - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Raphael Cartoons are seven tapestry cartoons made by the High Renaissance painter Raphael.
		The seven cartoons were probably completed in 1516 and must have been sent to Brussels, where the Vatican tapestries were woven by Pieter van Aelst.
		In the 17th century the cartoons became the property of the Royal Collection of England at Hampton Court.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Raphael_Cartoons (169 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Raphael (1483-1520) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Raphael's Madonnas are all his own; they have not the melancholy affectation of those of Botticelli, nor the mysterious smile of those of Leonardo.
		Raphael wished to display all his knowledge and resources, uniting on the same canvas the qualities of the two masters of the "cartoons" of the Signory, the men whom he most admired and who tantalized him most, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.
		It is probable that Bramante who, like Raphael, was a native of Urbino, actively furthered his young townsman's interest with the pope, and caused him to be received among the inner circle of artists whom Julius II had engaged for the works in his palace.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12640c.htm (6882 words)

	[No title]
		Raphael had seen the portion of the Sistine ceiling that was unveiled in 1511, and the sixthcentury B.C. pessimist not only bears the features of Michelangelo, but is dressed as a stonecutter and painted in frank imitation of Michelangelo's manner-another sample of Raphael's chameleonic versatility.
		Raphael's ripest contribution to the Grand Manner of the Renaissance is the set of ten cartoonspreparatory paintings-for tapestries to be hung in the Sistine Chapel.
		As for Raphael's cartoons, seven of them-all that was left-were acquired, presumably from Genoese traders, by the future king Charles I of England in 1623, and are on loan from the Royal Collection in London's Victoria and Albert Museum.
	www.uga.edu /~italian/2500/RAPHAEL.htm (1826 words)

	History of Art:The High Renaissance, Mannerism - Raphael
		Raphael was called to Rome toward the end of 1508 by Pope Julius II at the suggestion of the architect Donato Bramante.
		Raphael was also a keen student of archaeology and of ancient Greco-Roman sculpture, echoes of which are apparent in his paintings of the human figure during the Roman period.
		Raphael is one of the most acute of all portraitists, effortlessly cleaving through the external defenses of his sitter, yet courteously colluding with whatever image the ego would seek to have portrayed.
	www.all-art.org /history230-5.html (5159 words)

	Sanzio Raphael biography - Oil painting Art reproductions - Art Sender
		Raphael learned the Florentine method of building up his composition in depth with pyramidal figure masses; the figures are grouped as a single unit, but each retains its own individuality and shape.
		Raphael also owed much to Leonardo's lighting techniques; he made moderate use of Leonardo's chiaroscuro (i.e., strong contrast between light and dark), and he was especially influenced by his sfumato (i.e., use of extremely fine, soft shading instead of line to delineate forms and features).
		Raphael delegated his assistants to decorate the third room, the Stanze dell'Incendio, with the exception of one fresco, the Fire in the Borgo, in which his pursuit of more dramatic pictorial incidents and his continuing study of the male nude are plainly apparent.
	www.artsender.com /artists/Raphael_Sanzio.htm (2531 words)

	cartoon. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Glass and mosaic are cut exactly according to the patterns taken from the cartoons, while in tapestry the cartoon is inserted beneath the warp to serve as a guide.
		In fresco painting, the lines of the cartoon are perforated and transferred to the plaster surface by pouncing (dusting with powder through the perforations).
		The effect of political cartoons on public opinion was amply demonstrated in the elections of 1871 and 1873, when the power of Tammany Hall was broken and Boss Tweed imprisoned largely through the efforts of Thomas Nast and his cartoons for Harper’s Weekly.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ca/cartoon.html (589 words)

	Raphael. Biography. - Olga's Gallery
		Raffaello Santi, known as Raphael, or Raphael of Urbino, was born in Urbino on Good Friday 6 April 1483, the son of Magia di Battista di Nicola Ciarla and Giovanni Santi di Pietro.
		All Raphael's surviving works from 1502 to 1504 show Perugino's influence, the most notable are Crucifixion (1502-1503), Coronation of the Virgin (c.1503-1504), Marriage of the Virgin (1504), St.
		Julius II was a liberal patron of arts, he employed Bramante for the design of St. Peter's cathedral, which began in 1506, had Raphael brought to Rome to decorate his private apartments and commissioned Michelangelo for the frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and for his own tomb.
	www.abcgallery.com /R/raphael/raphaelbio.html (1616 words)

	Ruskin MP I Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Raphael was commissioned by Leo X to produce tapestries for the lower walls of the Sistine chapel in the Vatican to complete the iconographic scheme started by Michelangelo.
		The Cartoons were sent to Flanders to be woven in 1516 and the tapestries were hung in the Sistine chapel in 1519.
		Raphael 's Cartoons were seen by many in an age which valued artistic hierarchies as the greatest work of the greatest master of the Renaissance.
	www.lancs.ac.uk /users/ruskin/empi/notes/icarton01.htm (248 words)

	High Renaissance: Raphael
		Raphael's work was certainly known in England, for a copy of tapestries designed by him were given to Henry VIII.
		Raphael composed them in such a way that they took advantage of the natural lighting in the Chapel, with the apparent source of light in the tapestries coming from actual windows.
		The *"cartoons,"** or sketches from which the tapestries were made, pictured miracles from the life of Christ.
	ise.uvic.ca /Library/SLT/literature/raphael.html (390 words)

	What is a Cartoon? - Victoria and Albert Museum
		Constructing cartoons of this size presented a considerable technical challenge. Each cartoon is not one vast sheet of paper, but many small square sheets stuck together with a flour-and-water paste. This X-ray photograph shows the places where the sheets were glued together. The resulting patchwork would have been hung up for painting.
		Raphael and his assistants painted the designs with distemper, a mixture of pigment, water, and animal glue. The distemper is laid on very thickly in places, and drips are visible upon close examination.
		The cartoons were reassembled in the late 1690s, during the reign of William III. By this time, they had become extremely fragile, and they had to be glued to a canvas backing. The joins, which are not always even, are still visible in X-rays.
	www.vam.ac.uk /collections/paintings/raphael/what (229 words)

	Best Downloaded Cartoons - Downloads (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Cartoons were typically used in the production of frescoes, to accurately link the component parts of the composition when painted onto plaster over a series of days.
		Cartoons by painters such as Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci are highly prized in their own right.
		Modern gag cartoons are found in magazines and newspapers and generally consist of a single drawing with a caption immediately beneath or (less often) a speech balloon.
	www.cartoons.bestdownload.biz (731 words)

	Joseph Reveals His Dreams : Giulio Romano by Raichel Le Goff
		Raphael would have referred back to folios of earlier figure studies when working out the designs fo the loggia scenes, rather than endlessly pose figures to work from life; time was simply too precious and there were too many designs to produce.
		In this guise, the figure re-appears in Raphael's cartoon for the tapestry of St Paul Preaching at Athens, again situated to the extreme left of a scene in which the figure is listening intently to a speaker.
		Raphael must also have decided that there was one shepherd's crook too many as he has taken away the prop of the figure seated low in the group but retained the distinctive curl of the hand upon which the young shepherd's cheek rests.
	epublishingcorp.com /articlesRaichel/Art-Research/GuilioRomano.htm (14897 words)

	NGA - Raphael and His Circle: Introduction
		Raphael spent his youth collaborating with other artists, and in his later years he controlled large workshops.
		Raphael and His Circle: Drawings from Windsor Castle, brings together his drawings with those of his principal masters, Giovanni Santi and Pietro Perugino, and three of his assistants, Giulio Romano, Perino del Vaga, and Polidoro da Caravaggio.
		Raphael was born in 1483 in Urbino, seventy miles east of Florence.
	www.nga.gov /exhibitions/rphl_intro.htm (289 words)

	Informat.io on Raphael
		In 1515 he was entrusted with the preservation and recording of the Vatican collections of ancient sculpture.
		After his arrival in Rome portraits became a secondary task for Raphael as he devoted his efforts to the great Vatican projects, although he still painted portraits of his 2 main patrons, the two popes Julius II and his successor Leo X, the latter being considered one of his finest portraits.
		According to Vasari his premature death on Good Friday, 6 April, 1520, was caused by an excessive night of sex with her, after which he fell into a fever and, not telling his doctors that this was its cause, was given the wrong cure, which killed him.
	www.informat.io /?title=Raphael (1660 words)

	Raphael - Biography - Biographie
		At Federico's court, Raphael was introduced to the works of such artists as Paolo Uccello, Luca Signorelli, Melozzo da Forlí and Francesco di Giorgio, as well as the Flemish artists Hieronymus Bosch and joos van Gent.
		It was an ambitious commission, and Raphael found himself obliged to recruit an increasing number of pupils and assistants for the task, so much so that in the later rooms, in particular, it is not always easy to distinguish between the various hands.
		Raphael's cartoons for the cycle, which are today housed in London, were produced between 1515 and 1518.
	www.montableau.com /bio_raphaelGB.asp?LANG=GB (2286 words)

	CGFA- Bio: Raphael
		In 1504 Raphael moved to Florence, where he studied the work of such established painters of the time as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Fra Bartolommeo, learning their methods of representing the play of light and shade, anatomy, and dramatic action.
		In 1508 Raphael was called to Rome by Pope Julius II and commissioned to execute frescoes in four small stanze, or rooms, of the Vatican Palace.
		Raphael also devised the architecture and decorations of the Chigi Chapel in the Church of Santa Maria del Popolo and the decorations of the Villa Farnesina, which include the Triumph of Galatea (1513?).
	cgfa.sunsite.dk /raphael/raphael_bio.htm (775 words)

	Raphael Cartoons
		They are part of a set of ten cartoons commissioned by Pope Leo X for tapestries destined for the famous Sistine Chapel in the Vatican.
		In 1865 it was decided by Queen Victoria that they should be exhibited on loan at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, were they are still to be seen.
		The London Raphael Cartoons represent the following scenes from the lives of Christ and St.
	www.nebulasearch.com /encyclopedia/article/Raphael_Cartoons.html (172 words)

	Ruskin MP I Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		380, gave Raphael the role of Shakespeare, and Michelangelo the lesser role of Milton - good at 'epic grandeur' but not universally good as she considered Raphael to be, who 'has never yet been equalled'.
		Ruskin sought to test this reputation, particularly in relation to Raphael 's later work, and Ruskin was not alone in expressing reservations (on which see Ruskin on Raphael).
		Shearman, Raphael's Cartoons, p.160, suggests that 1891 was the date which marked the decline of the critical reputation of Raphael 's cartoons among art historians and among students in England: 'the accessibility of the cartoons to art-students was no longer a reason for keeping them in London, because no students paid any attention to them'.
	www.lancs.ac.uk /users/ruskin/empi/notes/iraph04.htm (264 words)

	//::MIKEYSTMNT.COM:://
		Because he is a man of actions, Raphael seems most comfortable communicating his deeper feelings in a good workout, sports, or -if worse comes to worst- a very loud cry.
		This short temper may have a direct correlation to the fact that he and his brothers are the only ones of their kind.
		Raphael is not one to be messed with.
	www.mikeystmnt.com /characters/profiles/raphael.htm (307 words)

	Raphael Exhibition (Getty Press Release)
		A highlight of the exhibition, Raphael's Saint Paul Rending his Garments (about 1514-1515), is a preparatory drawing for one of the cartoons commissioned by Pope Leo X for a series of 10 tapestries about the Acts of the Apostles.
		Raphael was responsible for the design of the cartoons, while his assistants helped paint the immense works on paper.
		Raphael's well-known fresco of this theme in the Vatican's Stanza della Segnatura, painted around 1511, so strongly influenced Poussin's Apollo that the work is seen as an homage to Raphael the master.
	www.getty.edu /news/press/exhibit/gettyraph.html (549 words)

	Thornhill Copies of Raphael's Tapestry Cartoons To Go on Display at Columbia University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Raphael's tapestry cartoons depicting the Acts of the Apostles helped to launch the "British School" of painting in the 18th century.
		The Raphael paintings, created two hundred years earlier as designs for tapestries to hang in the Sistine Chapel, were then the only monumental examples of High Renaissance art in England.
		Raphael's seven huge gouache paintings, called cartoons, that weavers used in creating a series of tapestries depicting the Acts of the Apostles for the Sistine Chapel nearly 500 years ago exerted enormous influence on the development of painting in England in the 18th century.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/pr/96_99/18934.html (460 words)

	TEMPLE OF RAPHAEL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Raphael (painter) (1483-1520), Italian Renaissance painter, considered one of the greatest and most popular artists of all time.
		Raphael was born Raffaello Santi or Raffaello Sanzio in Urbino on April 6, 1483, and received his early training in art from his father, the painter Giovanni Santi.
		Raphael imitated his master closely; their paintings of this period are executed in styles so similar that art historians have found it difficult to determine which were painted by Raphael.
	sangha.net /messengers/raphael.htm (754 words)

	Raphael Cartoons - Victoria and Albert Museum
		The Raphael Cartoons were commissioned from the great Italian Renaissance painter Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520) in 1515 by Pope Leo X (reigned 1513-21).
		The cartoons and tapestries depict the acts of St. Peter and St. Paul, represented as twin founders of the early church, and the Papacy.
		During the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Raphael attained the zenith of his reputation, and was widely regarded as the greatest painter in history.
	www.vam.ac.uk /collections/paintings/raphael/index.html (194 words)

	Spring 97 Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Raphael's seven large gouache paintings, called cartoons, that weavers used in creating tapestries for the Sistine Chapel nearly 500 years ago exerted enormous influence on the development of painting in England in the 18th century.
		This volume focuses on copies of the cartoons painted between 1729 and 1731 by Sir James Thornhill, England's foremost history painter.
		Thornhill's painted copies, together with a variety of engraved versions, were pivotal in the development of the "British School." As an extension of Thornhill's early efforts to formalize the training of British artists, these copies played an important part in the prelude to the founding of the Royal Academy in 1786.
	www.washington.edu /uwpress/apostles.html (192 words)

	Cartoonist, Historical Roots, Types Of Cartoons, Animated Cartoons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The cartoon is a full-sized preliminary drawing for a work to be executed afterward in fresco, oil, mosaic, stained glass, or tapestry.
		In 16th-century Germany, cartoons in the form of broadsheets or broadsides (single cartoons printed on large pieces of paper) began to be posted in public places with the intent of swaying people's beliefs.
		Having been a fan of gag cartoons from an early age - particularly the Punch cartoons of the 1970's - it was not until he was in his late 20's that he started writing and drawing gag cartoons, having his first published by The Spectator with his first submission in 1994.
	www.internet-epoch.com /cartoon.htm (1263 words)

	Mpcartoons Information, Mpcartoons Resources.
		Arts In the fine arts, the cartoon is a full-sized preliminary drawing for a work to be executed afterward in fresco, oil, mosaic, stained glass, or tapestry.
		Humorous nonpolitical cartoons became popular with the development of the color press, and in 1893 the first color cartoon appeared in the World.
		Single cartoons soon developed into the narrative newspaper comic strip comic strip, combination of cartoon with a story line, laid out in a series of pictorial panels across a page and concerning a continuous character or set of characters, whose thoughts and dialogues are indicated by means of "balloons" containing written speech.
	www.mpcartoons.com (472 words)

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