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	NAPF Programs: Youth Outreach: Peace Heroes: Raphael Lemkin, by Holly A. Lukasiewicz
		Lemkin was born to Jewish parents on June 24, 1901, on a farm in Eastern Poland.
		Lemkin wrote that his mother was "a brilliant intellectual…Somehow, she saw to it we had a tendency to practice what we were learning." Before entering legal training, Lemkin studied philology at the University of Lwow in Poland and the University of Heidelberg in Germany.
		Lemkin's efforts towards this cause in Madrid were not looked upon favorably by the Polish government, which at that time was pursuing a policy of conciliation with Nazi Germany.
	www.wagingpeace.org /menu/programs/youth-outreach/peace-heroes/lemkin-raphael.htm (1028 words)

	EuropaWorld 15/6/2001 Raphael Lemkin
		Internationally acclaimed as the man who coined the term 'genocide', Raphael Lemkin was born to Jewish parents in Eastern Poland in 1901.
		Undeterred Dr Lemkin continued his work in private law practice until the German invasion of Poland in 1939 led him to experience at first hand the very acts that he was working to prevent.
		The resolution was approved and Dr Lemkin became an adviser in the writing of an international treaty to that effect.
	www.europaworld.org /issue40/raphaellemkin22601.htm (770 words)

	Frontline: The Crime of Genocide
		According to Lemkin, genocide signifies 'the destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group' and implies the existence of a coordinated plan, aimed at total extermination, to be put into effect against individuals chosen as victims purely, simply and exclusively because they are members of the target group.
		According to Raphael Lemkin, the expression 'mass murder' that was being used at the time to describe what had happened was an inadequate description of the totally new phenomenon witnessed in Nazi-occupied territories.
		Raphael Lemkin was the first person to put forward the theory that genocide is not a war crime and that the immorality of a crime such as genocide should not be confused with the amorality of war.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/rwanda/reports/dsetexhe.html (1435 words)

	Raphael Lemkin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lemkin then moved on to the University of Heidelberg in Germany to study philosophy, and returned to Lwów to study law in 1926, becoming a prosecutor in Warsaw at graduation.
		Lemkin's idea of genocide as an offense against international law was widely accepted by the international community and was one of the legal bases of the Nuremberg Trials.
		Lemkin died of a heart attack at the public relations office of Milton H. Blow in New York City in 1959, at the age of 59.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Raphael_Lemkin (1828 words)

	Lemkin's House - Review - Theater - New York Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Raphael Lemkin, a real-life lawyer who died in 1959, learns this in his imagined afterlife in "Lemkin's House," a compelling, well-acted play by Catherine Filloux at the 78th Street Theater Lab.
		Lemkin, who fled Poland in 1939 and eventually ended up in the United States, is associated with one particular word: genocide, which he coined in the 1940's.
		Lemkin, for instance, is depicted as being obsessed with his cause even as a child, alphabetizing the names of history's slaughtered races and making up weird games.
	theater2.nytimes.com /2006/02/13/theater/reviews/13lemk.html (409 words)

	Raphael Lemkin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Lemkin was originally born in imperial Russia, an area that later become the Bialystok Voivodship town of Wylkowyszki, Poland (now Volkovysk located in Belarus).
		Lemkin's only European family members to survive were his brother, Elias, and his wife and two sons, who had been sent to a Soviet forced labor camp.
		After the Holocaust, Lemkin campaigned for the international Laws defining and forbidding genocide, and achieved his goal in 1951 when the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide came into effect.
	raphael-lemkin.iqnaut.net (371 words)

	P.O.V. - Discovering Dominga . A Word is a Word is a Word \| PBS
		Lemkin had hunted for a term that would describe assaults on all aspects of nationhood — physical, biological, political, social, cultural, economic, and religious.
		Lemkin saw he needed a word that could not be used in other contexts (as "barbarity" and "vandalism" could).
		The word that Lemkin settled upon was a hybrid that combined the Greek derivative geno, meaning "race" or "tribe," together with the Latin derivative cide, from caedere, meaning "killing." "Genocide" was short, it was novel, and it was not likely to be mispronounced.
	www.pbs.org /pov/pov2003/discoveringdominga/special_excerpt.html (1693 words)

	Guide to the Raphael Lemkin (1900-1959) Collection,1763-2002, (bulk 1941-1951)
		Raphael Lemkin, an international lawyer, initiated the use of the term "genocide," and succeeded in persuading the United Nations to adopt the Genocide Convention in 1948.
		Raphael Lemkin was born in Bezwodene, Poland (located in imperial Russia at the time of Lemkin's birth and now near Volkovysk, Belarus), on June 24, in 1900, though some sources claim 1901 as his birth year.
		Raphael and Elias had a brief reunion in Europe, and Elias wrote letters from a U.S.-controlled Munich repatriation camp to Lemkin asking for help in immigrating to Canada, where additional Lemkin family were located in Montreal and Ottawa.
	www.cjh.org /academic/findingaids/AJHS/nhprc/lemkin02-03.html (4853 words)

	Human Rights & Human Diversity -- Foundation: Unit III. Human Rights in International Law -- A Case to Consider
		At the beginning of the twentieth century, the crime of Genocide: Term coined by Polish-born Jew, Raphael Lemkin, derived from the Greek geno (race) and the Latin cide (to kill).
		Lemkin, Raphael: (1900 –; 1959), Polish-born Jew who immigrated to the US when his home country was invaded by Nazi Germany in 1942.
		Lemkin then lobbied the various governments of the world (including the US) to pass the legislation necessary to prohibit genocide in their national laws.
	www.unl.edu /HumanR/teach/01/0103/0103_01.htm (890 words)

	Committee on Conscience \| History \| Raphael Lemkin
		Raphael Lemkin, a Polish- Jewish jurist, was born in 1900 on a small farm near the Polish town of Wolkowysk.
		While in Nuremberg, Lemkin also learned of the death of 49 members of his family, including his parents, in concentration camps, the Warsaw ghetto and death marches.
		Lemkin did not rest with the UN document, but committed the rest of his life to urging nations to pass legislation supporting the Convention.
	www.ushmm.org /conscience/history/lemkin (432 words)

	Discussions - Raphael Lemkin and His Legacy (due Wed., Mar. 22)
		In this reading, you’ve read about the heroic story of Raphael Lemkin who, despite his valiant effort to define genocide and to persuade the UN to pass a Genocide Convention, died both penniless and in such a state that only seven people attended his funeral.
		I think it was extremely important for Lemkin to invent and lobby so much for the word genocide to be used because it gave the horrors of the Holocaust and other genocides that occured a way to be described so that the word would immediately make an impact whenever used.
		Lemkin knew what genocide was, and he knew that it was better to act early than later, when the damage was done and irreverisble.
	www.learntoquestion.com /class/discussion/printthread.php?t=1719 (7893 words)

	[No title]
		Lemkin became the most vocal advocate for the crime of genocide to be an international law.
		It was here that Lemkin first proposed his ban on “mass slaughter.” Lemkin would continue to work in Poland, until the war when he escaped to the United States and gave lectures and joined the Duke University Law School, while also serving as advisor to the Bureau of Economic Warfare and the War Department.
		Lemkin claimed there are two phases of genocide which allow perpetrators to carry out their goals.
	mcel.pacificu.edu /history/dept/students/theses2004/buell/Thesis.doc (9617 words)

	And the word was genocide - www.theage.com.au
		Lemkin wanted the world to introduce a law to stop the annihilation of people based purely on their race and religion.
		Lemkin was nominated several times for the Nobel Peace Prize, but would never win it.
		As well as Lemkin, Power writes of William Proxmire, an American senator who declared in 1967 in a speech to the US Senate that he had begun a campaign for the US to ratify the Genocide Convention.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2003/10/10/1065676145701.html (1475 words)

	village voice > theater > Lemkin's House by Alexis Soloski
		Lemkin had believed that the law he lobbied so tirelessly for, rendering genocide an international crime, would end such bloodshed.
		Lemkin had thought the law might serve as epitaph for the 50-odd family members he lost in the pogroms and in World War II.
		Yet she has afforded it a somewhat lopsided structure—nearly all of those who assail Lemkin are Rwandan, with just a bit of Bosnia tossed in at the end and throwaway mentions of Cambodia and Darfur.
	www.villagevoice.com /theater/0639,soloski,74548,11.html (441 words)

	A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide. By Samantha Power. New York: Basic Books, 2002. Pp. 384. $30.00, ...
		The hero is Raphael Lemkin, a Jewish lawyer from Poland who was obsessed with genocide long before he knew what to call it.
		By 1941 Lemkin himself had faced annihilation in Nazi-occupied Poland, but he escaped—not only to warn of the imminent danger to European Jews, but also to encourage a broader recognition of the crime of eliminating entire ethnic, cultural, and racial groups.
		Lemkin had won his quixotic struggle, but the quest to ratify and implement the convention was only beginning.
	www.law.harvard.edu /students/orgs/hrj/iss16/booknotes-A-2.shtml (1081 words)

	Playbill News: Shadow of Genocide Haunts a Humanitarian in the Afterlife, in Return of Lemkin's House
		In the 80-minute, intermissionless Lemkin's House, the title character, Raphael Lemkin, is tormented in the afterlife by the Rwandan and Bosnian genocides, and the international community's failure to stop them.
		Raphael Lemkin was a lawyer of Polish-Jewish descent.
		Lemkin was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1951 and 1952, but did not win.
	www.playbill.com /news/article/102004.html (553 words)

	"A Problem from Hell" - Samantha Power
		Before going case by case and country by country, Power devotes a significant part of the book to the story of Raphael Lemkin, a Polish lawyer born at the turn of the century.
		It was Lemkin that coined the word "genocide", and he was an important figure behind the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.
		Power presents her material very well: the focus on Lemkin and some of the others who tried to affect change (Senator Proxmire, peacekeeper Romeo Dallaire, and others), the cases of genocide, the possible ways of addressing (and redressing, to the extent possible) cases of genocide past and future.
	www.complete-review.com /reviews/ghistory/powers.htm (2845 words)

	TIME.com: It's Not Enough to Call It Genocide -- Oct. 4, 2004 -- Page 1
		Lemkin believed that genocide-- from the Greek geno (race or tribe) and the Latin cide (from caedere, killing)--would carry such stigma that states would be loath to commit the crime--or to allow it.
		Lemkin, a haunted refugee and relentless lobbyist, managed to construct a lasting norm, as Webster's and the Oxford English Dictionary granted his coinage lexicographic admission.
		Lemkin, who lost 49 members of his family, including his parents, to the Final Solution, knew that if extermination were the threshold for a response, action would inevitably come too late.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,995282,00.html (800 words)

	Key Writings of Raphael Lemkin on Genocide, 1933 to 1947 -- Prevent Genocide International
		This series is a resource for all who want to understand the origins of the concept of genocide and efforts to have genocide recognized as an international crime.
		Lemkin wrote this German language article as an abbreviated version of the report 'General (Transnational) Danger' he originally presented in French at the 5th Conference for the Unification of Penal Law in Madrid, Spain in October 1933.
		Raphael Lemkin coined the new word "genocide" in 1943 both as a continuation of his 1933 Madrid proposal and as part of his analysis of German occupation policies in Europe.
	www.preventgenocide.org /lemkin/index.htm (688 words)

	The Center for Constitutional Rights
		CCR is honored to be the first-ever organization to receive the Raphael Lemkin Human Rights Award.
		Raphael Lemkin, born to Jewish parents in eastern Poland, was a lawyer who dedicated his life to preserving human rights and preventing genocide, a term he coined in 1943.
		CCR President Michael Ratner was honored to accept this award on behalf of the Center.
	www.ccr-ny.org /v2/about/Awards.asp (132 words)

	What is Genocide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		In 1944, Raphael Lemkin (1900-1949), wanted to describe Nazi Policies of systematic murder, including the destruction of European Jewry.
		In proposing this new word, Raphael Lemkin had "a coordinated plan of different actions aiming at the destruction of essential foundations of the life of groups, with the goal of completely destroying the race or tribe.
		On December 9, 1948, after the Holocaust with the timeless efforts of Lemkin, the United Nations approved the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.
	www.bisd.net /home/BeltonMiddle/Whatis.html (131 words)

	Raphael Lemkin Centenary Conference, October 18, 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Professor Raphael Lemkin was born in Poland on June 24, 1900 and died in the United States of America on August 12, 1959.
		His short life was almost entirely devoted to outlawing the crime of genocide, which he originally referred to as the crime of barbarity during a League of Nations conference in 1933.
		Raphael Lemkin worked on the International Military Tribunal’s indictment of suspected Nazi criminals in London during the six weeks ending October 18, 1945.
	www.genocidewatch.org /LKF/18oct2000.htm (650 words)

	H-Soz-u-Kult / Termine / CFP: Raphael Lemkin: On Genocides
		Putting the quintessential crime of modernity in only one sentence, Raphael Lemkin, the Polish Jewish specialist in international law, not only summarized the horrors of the National Socialist crimes, which were still under way, when he wrote them, but also influenced international law.
		In the emerging debate on colonialism and genocide, Lemkin is now often referred to as theorist of a genocide concept that ignores the European settlement of the various "New Worlds".
		In several chapters, Lemkin's work on mass violence in the classical period, medieval times, African, American and Australian colonialism will be analyzed and presented.
	hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de /termine/id=2426 (390 words)

	Department of History
		Raphael Lemkin, who coined the term "genocide" and labored for passage of the United Nations genocide convention, which outlaws destruction of races and groups.
		The lecture and essay contest are supported by the Division of Social Sciences, History faculty member Dr. Robert Ericksen, Mr.
		Bruce Littman, and the Raphael Lemkin Trust, founded by Mr.
	www.plu.edu /~history/lemkin.html (124 words)

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