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	Rapper sword - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rapper sword is a kind of sword dance.
		The rapper sword tradition (which has no connection with rapping) was traditionally performed in the mining villages of the Northumberland and Durham coalfield in North East England, especially in Tyneside.
		Teams were certainly known to have improvised rappers from mining tools such as saw blades and bed laths; and in any case, purpose-made flexible rappers would have been prohibitively expensive before the invention of the Bessemer process in 1855 allowed steel to be made inexpensively.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rapper_sword (1069 words)

	Rapper sword -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Rapper sword is a kind of (Any of various dances by men who step nimbly over swords or flourish them in the air) sword dance.
		The dance is now almost always performed to jigs (6/8 time), and indeed the normal form of rapper "stepping" – a form of shuffle imported in the 1920s from the local clog dance tradition – would not be possible if a jig were not used.
		This major development in the tradition may have been entirely accidental – perhaps someone tried to improvise a sword using a flexible length of steel (such as a saw blade with the teeth filed down), and in a moment of inspiration realised the potential of using flexible swords.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/R/Ra/Rapper_sword.htm (929 words)

	Long Sword dance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is related to the rapper sword dance of Northumbria, but the character is fundamentally different as it uses rigid metal or wooden swords, rather than the flexible spring steel rappers used by its northern relation.
		Although Long Sword dances are found scattered all over Yorkshire, there are particular concentrations of dances in East Cleveland, the northern part of the North York Moors and around Sheffield.
		Long Sword dances vary in the way they are performed, with some being slow and militaristic, such as the Grenoside or Handsworth dances from near Sheffield, while others are quicker.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Long_Sword_dance (244 words)

	Rapper sword dancing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rapper sword dancing is a traditional form of dance from North-East England.
		A team of (normally) five dancers hold flexible swords, which they weave in and out of during the dance, forming patterns; in rapper, the sword is very much an integral part of the dance.
		The dance usually ends with the swords being formed into a star shape and held up for display.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rapper_sword_dancing (107 words)

	Vorpal Sword (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Rapper sword is a tradition dating back at least to the late 1700's from villages in the North-Eastern parts of England.
		A Rapper sword is a short flexible sword with a swivel on one end and a fixed handle on the other.
		The rapper tradition probably started when miners started wearing wooden soled shoes in the mines, and spent some of their free time thinking of ways to make sounds with them involved in a dance.
	www.hamline.edu /~thodapp/morris/vorpal.html (388 words)

	Sword Dancing in Britain - Bibliography
		Modern British styles of linked sword dancing -- long sword and rapper from northern England, and the dance from Papa Stour in the Shetland Islands -- are well known to students of folk dance performance.
		This is the standard manual on English long sword and rapper dances, but Sharp's introductions include his interpretations of the history and ritual significance of the dance in all of Europe.
		Rapper, from Northumberland and Durham, which uses flexible, two-handled sword substitutes, appears to be the unique English contribution to linked sword dancing; nothing even remotely similar appears anywhere else.
	www.efdss.org /sword.htm (9918 words)

	Newcastle Kingsmen - The Rapper Sword
		A rapper is a strip of flexible steel about one inch (2.5 cm) wide and 18-24 inches (45-60 cm) long which has a handle or grip at each end.
		Steel suitable for rappers was unlikely to have been available before 1700 when Alistair Crowley moved his steel works to Swalwell and Winlaton in the Derwent valley where the River Derwent powered the steel mills and tempered the metal.
		The word ‘rapper’ would have been well known to local pitmen as it was a very important piece of equipment operated by the rapperman to call up the cage to the surface to bring the men home.
	www.kingsmen.co.uk /rapper.html (521 words)

	Rapper sword - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		During the nineteenth century, teams of rapper dancers from the pit villages of Tyneside, and later Wearside, would travel annually to the towns of Newcastle_upon_Tyne, Sunderland and Durham to peform the dance for the crowds – and for a consideration in money!
		In March 2005 DERT20005 was held in Preston, Lancashire.
		Please read the Discuss This Page (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Rapper_sword) section so that the pages will continue to provide a readable, useful and authoratitive view of Rapper Sword dancing as new material is added.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Rapper_sword (1089 words)

	Rapper Sword - Wikipedia
		Der Rapper Sword-Schwerttanz (der keinerlei Beziehung zum Rap hat) wurde ursprünglich in den Bergarbeiterdörfern der Graftschaften Northumberland und Durham (Northumbria) in Nordostengland aufgeführt.
		Jahrhundert wurden diese starren Schwerter durch die biegsamen Rappers ersetzt.
		Jahrhunderts Rapper aus Werkzeugen der Bergwerke nach solcher Art improvisiert hatten; jedenfall wären vor der Erfindung des Bessemer-Prozesses 1855, der die preiswerte Herstellung von Stahl erlaubte, speziell angefertigte Rapper untragbar teuer gewesen.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rapper_Sword (381 words)

	Rapper sword (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The dance is related to the Long Sword dance ofYorkshire, as well as other sword dances in Europe.
		The dance is now almost always performed to jigs (6/8 time), and indeed the normal form of rapper "stepping" – a form ofshuffle imported in the 1920s from the local clog dance tradition – would not be possible if a jig were not used.
		Teams were certainly known to have improvised rappers from mining tools such as sawblades and bed laths; and in any case, purpose-made flexible rappers would have been prohibitively expensive before the inventionof the Bessemer process in 1855 allowed steel to be madeinexpensively.
	www.therfcc.org /bbs1/messages/rapper-sword-134769.html (835 words)

	Rapper and Longsword Manufacturer
		The spring steel used in making these swords is not stainless, and will rust if left with fingermarks on it.
		It is not generally appreciated that much of most rapper dances can be performed whilst holding the handles between finger tips and thumb.
		The swords may be re-bladed when necessary, and fixed handles can be replaced if they become unacceptably worn.
	www.rapper-swords.co.uk /maintenance.html (427 words)

	Mr. Leslie's Banbury Rapper Sword Dance Team Welcome
		In Britain sword dancing was quite widespread in the sixteenth century but as with so many traditional customs it went into a decline in the post Civil War period and by the eighteenth century was only found in the North East of England.
		Most teams danced with long, rigid metal swords or wooden laths but during the nineteenth century a tradition of dancing with swords made of strips of flexible steel, called rappers, arose amongst the mining communities of the Northumberland and Durham coal fields.
		An important part of the show is the tying of the ‘nut’ when the swords are linked to make a star which is then held aloft for the audience to admire.
	www.kickback.btinternet.co.uk /Mr.Leslies/Banbury.Rapper.html (823 words)

	Sword dance - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		Although sometimes treated as a form of morris dance, sword dancers are proud of their own tradition and often wish to be treated as a traditional dance category in its own right.
		Hilt-and-point sword dances traditional to England include rapper sword and long sword, although both of these are now also performed by revival teams outside their traditional areas, including teams in most of the English-speaking world.
		The New York Sword Ale is an annual gathering over Presidents Day weekend that brings together over a dozen sword teams form the east coast and around the world.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Sword_dance (414 words)

	Great Meadows Morris and Sword
		Great Meadows Morris and Sword is a group of high school-age students from the Greater Boston area who perform traditional English morris and rapper sword dances.
		Morris and sword dances have been performed in England for centuries, and are now popular in the US and many other parts of the world.
		In time, some members of Team X became interested in starting another rapper side, and during the 2000-01 season "Candy Rapper" was born.
	www.freewebs.com /greatmeadowsmorris (584 words)

	Sound & Fury Morris & Sword - Rapper
		Rapper Sword Dancing originated in the coal-mining regions in the north of England, and may derive from a number of sword-dancing traditions, though its roots are lost in the mists of history.
		Often danced in pubs and street corners for tips and beer, it sometimes forms part of a larger mummer show, including a "calling-on song", with each dancer portraying a heroic character.
		Speed, precision and complex sword movements are key to the excitement and spectacle of a great rapper performance.
	sites.clark-ip.com /dsielaff/RapperIntro.html (166 words)

	Rapper Sword Dance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Rapper sword dancing is one of the more obscure forms of English Ritual dance.
		The dance is performed by a group of five or more dancers holding flexible metal swords.
		Swords of Gridlock has been dancing and teaching rapper in the Bay Area since 1986.
	www.sffolkfest.org /2003/performers_and_workshops/dw_rappersworddance.html (80 words)

	Rapper Sword (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The dancers grip the moving handle in their right hand and the fixed handle of their neighbour's sword in the left.The swords are not supposed to be sharp, but after a few dances (where they are in sliding contact) they have a tendency to sharpen themselves and need "blunting".
		When Stafford dance the rapper in displays, they wear white shirts, fl knee-breeches, long white socks and fl shoes, A red cummerbund is worn round the waist with the 'tails' at the left hand side.
		This time you have five swords locked so you may spot the shape of the Pentacle of witchcraft.
	www.edwardsce.freeserve.co.uk /staffordmorris/rapper.htm (423 words)

	Swords - Military Sabers, Katanas & Fencing Foils
		Ancient and medieval swords, military sabers, katanas and samurai swords, throughout history have been used, not just as weapons.
		Brothersmith-Swords.com's collection of historical replica guns, katanas, shields and armor show the skill needed by the craftsmen, who developed these beautiful and functional historical weapons.
		Last but certainly not least, always keep swords, knives and guns out of the reach of children.
	www.brothersmith-swords.com (274 words)

	The NUT
		The NUT on the Net aims to provide visitors with an insight into the rapper sword dance and rapper sword dancers, as well as to act as an information source for rapper sword dancers.
		The NUT is the journal for rapper sword dancers, published three times a year on a non-profit basis, and it brings you the latest news of teams and events, complete with a whole host of other articles.
		It is the only periodical dedicated to the rapper sword dance, and its ongoing existence depends on members of the rapper community supporting it by subscribing and submitting contributions.
	www.the-nut.net (309 words)

	Glad Rapper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Formed in the year 2000, Glad Rapper (pun on a NZ brand of food wrap) is one incarnation of Green Man Morris.
		We have used figures from the dance notes of Stone Monkey and the Newcastle Kingsmen Rapper Sword Dancers to create a team that will show the wonder of North East English rapper dancing to New Zealand.
		The swords are made by Frank Lee in England.
	www.geocities.com /aucklandmorris/gladrapp/gladrapp.htm (157 words)

	Morris Dancing FAQs [Dance Notes]
		The rapper sword dance is traditional to Northumberland and County Durham in England and is thought to have been performed by miners in the pit villages of Tyneside.
		It is peformed at speed by a team of five people continuously linked by flexible swords called rappers, which are weaved in and out of figures for display.
		Widely distributed from the mid fifteenth century on, sword dancing has been popular at different times in towns and villages in many parts of Europe.
	www.tomkeays.com /morris/faq/8 (1698 words)

	Sword Play (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Sidmouth Sword Play, is based on the Sword Play from Royal Earsdon which is very short and the only play I know of that has been associated with rapper.
		A rapper dance is build on a series of knots, sometimes caled figures, and connected by a chorus knot.
		So use the notation for the Sidmouth Chidren's Festival Rapper Set with care and consider it an aide memoire.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /cmesser/rapws/play/play.htm (175 words)

	Rapper Online
		The Northumbrian rapper sword dance is traditional to Northumberland and County Durham in England.
		This site aims to provide an introduction to this living tradition together with comprehensive information about the rapper sword dance, including its history, notations of traditional dances, related sword dances from other parts of England and Europe, rapper events, listing of current rapper teams and a bibliography, online archive and links for further information.
		This site is also linked to The NUT on the Net, the internet edition of The NUT, the journal of the rapper sword dance; The NUT on the Net includes an archive of previous articles, including many of historical interest.
	www.rapper.org.uk (214 words)

	Rapper Sword Dancing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One of the very best of these is the rapper sword dance from Durham and Northumberland in the North-East of England.
		The rapper sword dance is, for practical purposes, unrelated to either of these, although it has obvious connections with the Longsword dances favoured a little to the South in Yorkshire.
		Suffice it to say that it is the most exciting of the dances to come from Great Britain; at its best it can reduce an audience to a state of spellbound awe, leaving them easy prey for the one taking the hat round afterwards.
	www.cronin.demon.nl /dominic/rapper/rapper.htm (192 words)

	Long Sword Dance - Wikipedia
		Er ist mit dem Rapper-Sword-Kettenschwerttanz aus Northumbria in Nordostengland verwandt, aber sein Charakter ist ganz anders, da er starre Schwerter aus Stahl oder Holz benutzt, statt die biegsamen Rapper aus Sprungstahl seines nördlichen Bruders.
		die Goathland Plough Stots (wörtlich "Goathlander Pflugochsen") und die Flamborough Sword Dancers.
		Der International Sword Spectacular fand im Mai 2004 in Whitby, England, statt.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Long_Sword_Dance (156 words)

	Mabel Gubbins Rapper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Mabel Gubbins Rapper is a women's dance team, based in the village of North Moreton, near Oxford.
		They perform traditional and evolved rapper sword dances, which originate from the mining regions of Northumberland and Durham.
		They can be often seen dancing in pubs around Oxfordshire, dancing in pubs at festivals around the country, and, if at all possible, not dancing in car parks.
	www.eastwick.fsnet.co.uk /mabel (167 words)

	Half Moon Sword - Foolish Rapper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This is also a dance done with flexible rapper swords.
		While the dance proceeds, a story unfolds where-by the "fools" insert themselves into the dance, with or without swords.
		Careful timing and much rehearsal are necessary to make this look easy and unplanned.
	www.halfmoonsword.org /photos/neffa2004/foolishvideo.html (51 words)

	Kesteven Morris and Rapper sword dancers in Lincolnshire
		Lincolnshire based Kesteven Morris are two teams in one; A men's team, dancing mainly Cotswold and rapper and a Women's team dancing Cotswold, North West and Molly.
		Kesteven Rapper is an internationally recognised rapper sword team having taken part in the DERT rapper tournament for a number of years and have received many awards including gold and red ribbons for their dancing and music.
		Kesteven rapper sword dances use the very best and most exciting rapper moves and always includes one or two death defying tumbles.
	www.endon-house.demon.co.uk /kesteven.htm (467 words)

	Asworded Nuts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Longsword predates rapper-sword by a few hundred years in England and on the continent, and exists in a number of traditions throughout Europe.
		The swords are typically 36-40 inches in length: long, flat, tongue-depressor like blades with a wooden handle on one end.
		The traditions in England come mostly from fishing and mining villages in the North-East, and each have a distinctive style.
	www.hamline.edu /~thodapp/morris/nuts.html (132 words)

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