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	Rasch Model as Additive Conjoint Measurement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Rasch model is an example of conjoint measurement with an underlying stochastic structure.
		As a stochastic model, it can be applied to empirical data and tested for goodness-of-fit using the general procedures of statistical inference, not just the rule-of-thumb guidelines or the monte carlo methods which characterize the evaluation of the algebraic conjoint measurement models.
		Rasch (1966) has coined the term "specific objectivity" to describe the particular characteristic of his model which permits the comparison of two subjects independent of which instruments (stimuli) are used to measure them, as well as the comparison of two instruments independent of the subjects on whom they are used.
	www.rasch.org /memo24.htm (4951 words)

	Ed231C: A Rasch Model Example
		Rasch models are one of the dominant models for binary items (e.g., success/failure on test items) in psychometrics.
		Rasch models, along with other item response models, have an assumption of local independence, that is, the responses to a given item are independent of the responses to other items in the test.
		Further, Rasch models, because they are one-parameter models, assume that all of the items have equal discrimination, that is, the items discriminate equally well for "good" subjects as they do for "poor" subjects.
	www.gseis.ucla.edu /courses/ed231c/notes2/rasch.html (2275 words)

	FAQ: The Rasch model in Stata
		Actually, Rasch, a Danish statistician, gave an axiomatic derivation of the model in the 1960s, in which, next to local independence, the main characterizing properties were that the { y(+j), y(i+) } form a sufficient statistic for { eta, theta }.
		The outline for estimating the CML estimates of the theta parameters of the Rasch model follows.
		Still, the Rasch model seems to be an important command in a general purpose program such as Stata, so it may make headway in yet other fields of research.
	www.stata.com /support/faqs/stat/rasch.html (1829 words)

	[No title]
		The Rasch model can be used for measurement (i.e., locating a person on the latent continuum) or exploratory data analysis (e.g., understanding the structure of items or selecting a useful subset).
		The Rasch model is subsumed under the larger heading of item response theory (IRT); other essentially synonymous terms for IRT are latent trait models and modern psychometric theory.
		Various models of this larger set differ according to whether the response function (the probability of a positive response given various ability levels) follows a logistic or a normal ogive curve (the two are very similar).
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/jsuebersax/rasch.txt (1753 words)

	Book: Applying the Rasch Model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This volume contends that Rasch measurement is "the model of choice" because it is the closest to realizing the sort of objective fundamental measurement so long revered in the physical sciences.
		The Rasch model can be extended to the analysis of tests where one or more intermediate levels of success might exist between 'complete failure' and 'complete success' i.e.
		The many-facets Rasch model is used to examine rater severity and other aspects of the writing ability assessment in a high-stakes essay writing test.
	www.assess.com /Books/b-34761.htm (2050 words)

	[No title]
		This model which is the most robust of the item response models, is used to equate students' attitudes between the Australian studies conducted in the First International Mathematics Study (FIMS) and Second International Mathematics Study (SIMS) and the Ethiopian Mathematics Study (EMS) on a common scale.
		Unidimensionality In order to employ the Rasch model in analysing both view and attitude scales it was important to examine whether or not these scales were unidimensional since the unidimensionality of items is one of the requirements for the use of the Rasch model (Hambleton and Cook, 1977; Anderson, 1994).
		It should be noted that in Rasch scaling a conjoint analysis is always involved, since it is the level of attitude of a person relative to the response level of an item that is under consideration.
	www.aare.edu.au /96pap/afrat96006.txt (7580 words)

	Dr. Hans Müller: Rasch-Birnbaum model explorer
		Indeed, the Rasch model and the Birnbaum model were introduced by Rasch and Birnbaum independently, and the models are quite different from theoretical points of view, considering measurement theory (Embretson and Reise, 2000, pp. 141-157) and parameter separability (Rasch, 1960, p. 122).
		The Explorer treats the Rasch model (the one-parameter logistic model) as a special case of the Birnbaum model (the two-parameter logistic model), and indicates this case on the control panel.
		Thus, the inclusion of the Birnbaum model in the Explorer does not mean that this model is generally recommended for test construction.
	user.uni-frankfurt.de /~hmvff/rabix (487 words)

	Rasch Measurement Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Explains Rasch test item analysis and person measurement, demonstrating each step clearly, so that readers can apply these procedures to their own data.
		Chapter I shows how the Rasch probability-based method produces measures that are more useful for students, parents, teachers, administrators and researchers than information provided by conventional population-based statistics.
		Its contents include: the logit as a measurement unit; the concept of scale; simplified construction of the item characteristic curve; comparison among logistic models (2 and 3 parameters and the Rasch model)and estimation of the error.
	mmm12.boca01-verio.com /rascho/books.htm (1297 words)

	Articles - Psychometrics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		On the other hand, when measurement models such as the Rasch model are employed, numbers are not assigned based on a rule.
		An approach which is similar to IRT but also quite distinctive, in terms of its origins and features, is represented by the Rasch model for measurement.
		The development of the Rasch model, and the broader class of models to which it belongs, was explicitly founded on requirements of measurement in the physical sciences (Rasch, 1960).
	www.selfactivation.com /articles/Psychometrics (1734 words)

	Odds Ratio and Yule's Y
		The tetrachoric and polychoric correlations are alternatives when one may assume that ratings are based on a latent continuous trait which is normally distributed.
		Association and quasi-symmetry models can be used for N×N tables, where ratings are nominal or ordered-categorical.
		A particular type of latent trait model called the Rasch model is related to the odds ratio.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/jsuebersax/odds.htm (1048 words)

	MEASURING COPING AT UNIVERSITY: LINKING ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOURS USING A RASCH MEASUREMENT MODEL ANALYSIS
		Conclusion: The Rasch model was very useful in creating a scale of classroom factors and student outcomes in which student measures and item difficulties are calibrated on the same scale.
		The Rasch model checks that Likert type categories are answered consistently and logically; that is, that they provide an ordered set of responses from 'easy' to 'hard' (items with disordered response sets are discarded).
		This means that, for the Rasch model, all the items contributing to the scale must have the same discrimination parameter.
	www.aare.edu.au /02pap/wau02010.htm (9632 words)

	guidelines
		Adequate theory, at least exact algebraic representation of the Rasch model(s) used and citation for primary developer(s).
		For example, this may include the preference for the unique properties that Rasch models embody, the goal of establishing generalized reference standard metrics, or empirical justification by performing, for example, a comparison of the generalizability of the estimated parameters obtained from competing models.
		In the Rasch model it is possible to approach reliability the way it was originally intended rather than using a less than ideal solution.
	home.att.net /~rsmith.arm/guidelines.htm (1799 words)

	GLLAMM Publications
		Grilli, L. and Rampichini, C. A multivariate multilevel model for the analysis of graduates’ skills.
		Shahadan, L. and Berridge, D. Comparison between the parametric mixing distribution with mover-stayer model and the nonparametric mixing distribution for the analysis of Tower of London data.
		Finkelstein, M. A latent variable model for the analysis of variability in the classification of radiographs of pneumoconioses.
	www.gllamm.org /pub.html (3205 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: Antal, Judit
		This dissertation introduces a new family of non-parametric fit tests for the Rasch model combining the elements of Monte Carlo method, traditional hypothesis testing, and Item Response Theory model fit.
		Rather, distributions used for testing model fit are generated "on the fly" using a Monte Carlo method.
		The results of the new global fit analysis, also introduced in this thesis, show that when fit analysis is performed with the aid of the new tests the Rasch model performs very well.
	rave.ohiolink.edu /etdc/view?acc_num=osu1054222470 (267 words)

	The Formula of the Rasch Model
		The Rasch model is a probabilistic version of the scalogram.
		It was introduced in 1960 by the Danish statistician Georg Rasch.
		(correct/incorrect) as a result, whereas the Rasch model is characterized by a function that specifies the probability of the event Y
	www.mathpsyc.uni-bonn.de /doc/Maris/node12.html (410 words)

	Winsteps, Facets: Rasch Analysis Software (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Rasch scaling is often misclassified under item response theory, IRT, or logit-linear models.
		Rasch specifies how persons, probes, prompts, raters, test items, tasks, etc. must interact statistically for linear measures to be constructed from ordinal observations.
		Rasch analysis requires the investigation and quantification of accuracy, precision, reliability, construct validity, quality-control fit statistics, statistical information, linearity, local dependency and unidimensionality.
	www.winsteps.com (427 words)

	Book: Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Rasch models for measurement are an important staple of psychological research, with uses in other subjects such as sociology and educational testing.
		Together, the chapters survey the underlying theory of Rasch models and the associated statistical ideas, provide systematic access to the fundamental results and proofs, and present a variety of applications.
		A clear and current overview is given of the Rasch model for dichotomous and polychotomous responses per item, dealing with the with fundamental assumptions, parameter estimation, fit tests, relations to other models, use of item banks, measurement of change, and other fields of application.
	www.assess.com /Books/b-44990.htm (378 words)

	Graduate School of Education
		His work spans a range of issues in measurement and assessment from the development of new statistical models for analyzing measurement data, to the development of new assessments in subject matter areas such as science education, patient-reported outcomes and child development, to policy issues in the use of assessment data in accountability systems.
		Measurement models for new forms of student assessment in mathematics education.
		A comparative analysis of the ratings in performance assessment using generalizability theory and the many-facet Rasch model.
	www-gse.berkeley.edu /faculty/mwilson (7072 words)

	The Loglinear Mixed Rasch model
		would be observed we simply have a Rasch Model with an observed grouping variable.
		It is clear that the amount of difference in probability structure of these subtables is related to the ability of the algorithm to disentangle the observed tables in meaningful subtables.
		Experimenting with these models reveals that if differences in probability structure become 'too' small the algorithm is splitting up the table to incorporate a few outliers.
	www.dgps.de /fachgruppen/methoden/mpr-online/issue8/art2/node2.html (334 words)

	SSRN-The Rasch Model to Measure Service Quality by Silvia Salini, Giovanna Nicolini, Francesca De Battisti (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The classical calibration models are based on the possibility of comparing the measure obtained by the instrument with the true measure.
		In this paper the Rasch model will be considered, a statistical tool arising from psychometric field, which allows the examination of the service quality through theknown variables: for each of those an objective measure is obtained.
		In particular, the application of Rasch model will concern the quality of university teaching.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=628004 (476 words)

	References (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Lynch B. and McNamara T.F. (1998) Using G-theory and many-facet Rasch measurement in the development of performance assessments of the ESL speaking skills of immigrants.
		Pollitt, A. Rasch measurement in latent trait models.
		Yamauchi K. (1999) Comparing Many-facet Rasch Model and ANOVA model: Analysis of ratings of essays [in Japanese].
	www.winsteps.com /facetman/references.htm (4723 words)

	Rasch Model Analysis
		I show how you may also experience "aha" moment if you see how Rasch model is related to logistic regression or HLM (actually HGLM or multilevel logistic regresssion).
		I borrowed the idea of Professor Aki Kamata that says Rasch model can be replicated by HLM.
		I just put my routine programs to do Rasch model, so I don't have to look for them everytime I need to do it.
	www.estat.us /id26.html (243 words)

	Rasch model
		The above data may be analysed using the one-parameter Rasch model (see andersen:80, pp.253-254; boch:aitkin:81).
		The above model is equivalent to the following random effects logistic regression:
		code for this model is given on the next page, and the graph is shown in Figure 14.
	www.stat.ufl.edu /system/man/BUGS/eg05vol1/node22.html (363 words)

	Miscellaneous Rasch, Measurement and Related References (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Fischer G.H. (1983) Logistic latent trait models with linear constraints.
		Rasch G. (1977) On specific objectivity: An attempt at formalizing the request for generality and validity of scientific statements.
		Verhelst N.D. and Glas C.A.W. (1995) The one parameter logistic model.
	www.rasch.org /rmt/refs.htm (15610 words)

	A Ministep Companion to Bond & Fox (2001) Applying the Rasch Model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Bond and Fox (2001) Applying the Rasch Model...
		This optimizes for the freeware Rasch analysis program, Ministep, (or its full version, Winsteps), the examples in Trevor Bond and Christine Fox (2001) "Applying the Rasch Model: Fundamental Measurement in the Human Sciences", Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
		Version 3.37 or higher of Ministep or Winsteps is required for some output.
	www.winsteps.com /bondfox.htm (140 words)

	Testing the Rasch Model via Sequential Importance Sampling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Rasch proposed an exact conditional inference approach to testing his model but never implemented it because it involves the calculation of a complicated probability.
		This paper furthers Rasch's approach by (1) providing an efficient Monte Carlo methodology for accurately approximating the required probability and (2) illustrating the usefulness of Rasch's approach for several problems by developing appropriate test statistics and examining their properties through simulation studies.
		Our Monte Carlo methodology is shown to compare favorably to other Monte Carlo methods proposed for this problem in two respects: it is considerably faster and it provides more reliable estimates of the Monte Carlo standard error.
	ftp.isds.duke.edu /WorkingPapers/03-05.html (140 words)

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