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	Rat Park
		Rat Park was a 200-square-foot housing colony built for a group of white Wister laboratory rats in 1981 by American psychologist Bruce K. Alexander at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, Canada.
		Rat Park is part the wider debate about how society should react to drug use, since Alexander's thesis supports the argument that social solutions, rather than medical or legal responses, are the best way to curb addictive behavior.
		Rats in Rat Park showed what looked to be some minor withdrawal signs, twitching, what have you, but there were none of the mythic seizures and sweats you so often hear about...
	www.mrsci.com /Addiction/Rat_Park.php (2248 words)

	Nature & Science » Biology Resources » Integrated Pest Management Manual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		From plague epidemics (the "Black Death" of Europe) to rat bites of inner- city children, from gnawing electrical wires in an attic to feeding on stored food in a warehouse, rats are a critical pest of humankind.
		Rat sounds, droppings, burrows, urine stains, smudge marks, runways, tracks, gnawing damage, nests, food caches, pet excitement, and rat odors are all signs of rat activity.
		Before a park manager can decide what combination of strategies would be best for a particular situation, he or she needs to determine where the rats are nesting and feeding, locate their travel routes, and determine the extent of the infestation.
	www.nature.nps.gov /biology/ipm/manual/rats.htm (3118 words)

	C&EN: CRITTER CHEMISTRY - NAKED MOLE-RATS
		Thomas J. Park, associate professor of biological sciences at UIC and principal investigator, knew from previous studies that naked mole-rats orient themselves quite well by touch, perhaps as a replacement for vision and hearing--senses not necessary in their native subterranean environment.
		Park's team was looking for clues, such as an abundance of nerve endings, to explain the mole-rats' sensitivity to touch.
		Park suspects that in such conditions, CO from breathing accumulates to a high level often painful to mucous membrane tissues such as the lips, nostrils, and eyes.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/critter/8202molerats.html (867 words)

	Strange Loops - Rat Park - a Scientific Argument for the Ethical Treament of Lab Animals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Rats used in scientific study are generally kept individually in tiny cages, cut off from the extensive social contact that rats in the wild are known for.
		This seems to suggest that rats kept in cramped cages choose to self-administer drugs because their lives are boring or painful, not necessarily or primarily because their initial exposure to the drugs got them addicted.
		What the Rat Park experiment suggests is that lab animals can be in a better or worse state ('happier' or more 'depressed' in simple terms) depending on their living conditions.
	www.strange-loops.com /sciratpark.html (637 words)

	Integrated Pest Management-Rats
		All park staff and visitors should be fully informed of the mission of the control effort and the reasons for the infestation.
		Rats are wary of anything new that appears in their territory, avoiding the new object for a few days until the rats become familiar with it.
		Rats are aggressive, and social conflicts are most common at feeding sites, prime nesting sites, and territorial boundaries.
	www.nps.gov /phso/ipm/rats.htm (1763 words)

	Smell A Rat? Rodents on Rise in D.C.
		Across the city, in commercial and residential neighborhoods as well as in parks, the Norway rat population appears to be on the rise, according to some who keep watch.
		Rats spoil food by their contact, spread disease through the fleas they harbor and quickly can overrun a territory they like.
		As for complaints that there are more rats, Cox had a novel explanation: "We always say there are two rats for every person in the city," she said.'The [resident] population is declining, so maybe there are three rats per person now." Census figures put the District's human population at about 580,000.
	prop1.org /park/governmt/rats/96826rat.htm (1056 words)

	Rat Park and Other Children's Stories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It turns out that rats are very sociable animals, and they just can't stand being held in solitary confinement, like the rats in those experiments were.
		For both rats and humans, solitary confinement is pure torture.
		Rats have their own agenda, and it doesn't include being locked up alone in a steel cage in a laboratory, pressing a lever.
	www.orange-papers.org /orange-ratpark.html (4197 words)

	Rat Park - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rat Park was a study into drug addiction conducted in the 1970s by American psychologist Bruce K. Alexander at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, Canada.
		Alexander's hypothesis was that drug addiction is a myth, and that the apparent addiction to morphine commonly observed in laboratory rats exposed to it is attributable to their living conditions, and not to any addictive property of the drug itself.
		Rats who had been forced to consume morphine hydrochloride for 57 consecutive days were brought to Rat Park and given a choice between plain tap water and water laced with morphine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rat_Park (2716 words)

	idaho mountain express : Curtain call for an original Park Rat — Terry Tracy, tireless advocate for recreation, ...
		She is one of the original "Park Rats," a playful term referring to people who spent much of their leisure time at the park during the late 1970s and early 1980s—back when Ketchum was on the verge of a boom and nearly 50 men’s and women’s softball teams used the diamonds each week.
		One of her proudest accomplishments is the continuity of the Atkinson Park staff—and the fact that youngsters who have come through the summer youth program are encouraged to take positions as staff members once they become teenagers and go to college.
		Park Rats in general had a tendency to spend so much time playing ball at the park that, by July, camping and hiking in the nearby hills seemed like unattainable vacations in paradise.
	www.mtexpress.com /2003/03-08-20/03-08-20terry.htm (3929 words)

	Rat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rat is the term generally and indiscriminately applied to numerous members of several rodent families having bodies longer than about 12 cm, or 5 inches (Smaller thin-tailed rodents are just as often indiscriminately referred to as mice).
		While modern wild rats can carry Leptospirosis and some other "zoonotic" conditions (those which can be transferred across species, to humans, for example), these conditions are in fact rarely found.
		However, as the rats age, there does appear to be a decline in the tendency to laugh and respond to tickle skin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rat (1862 words)

	Rat Park (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Rat Park was a 18.6 meters square enclosure, that was a rat paradise.
		The interesting thing was — while rats in the cages lived in a chemical haze, Rat Park rats didn’t really want to get high — they just wanted to live life, have fun, mess around.
		Rat Park was a ground breaking experiment that deserved to influence international drug policy.
	www.talesfromtheotherside.com /rat-park (1102 words)

	Amazon.com: A Rat's Tale: Books: Tor Seidler,Fred Marcellino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Racso and the Rats of NIMH by Jane Leslie Conly
		Monty is an insecure rat, insecure because he and his family live in a sewer and create works of art, which is frowned on by the higher class society of wharf rats.
		She is the daughter of the governor of the rats, and she lives in old abandoned Wharf 62, where only the rats of the highest-class live.
	www.amazon.com /Rats-Tale-Tor-Seidler/dp/0064407799 (1939 words)

	RWP Zoo : African Mole Rat
		Long live the queen: Workers live about two years while the queen can survive up to 7 before she is supplanted by a younger queen.
		More about naked mole rats: Colonies are eusolical, similar to certain insects (termites, wasps and bees).
		The mole rat's most common predator is the rufous-beaked snake.
	www.rogerwilliamsparkzoo.org /what_to_see/africa/african_molerat.cfm (286 words)

	Live Free and Skate
		LOVE Park doesn't seem any more popular with locals since renovations were completed, which could be the product of an apathetic public, summer heat like a confectioner's oven or simple municipal miscalculation.
		Swing by the park on a Friday or Monday afternoon during standard lunch hours--say, between noon and 2 p.m.--and grab a sandwich on the way.
		In the end their attempts to refurbish LOVE Park will cost the city more money, time and effort than it would have to simply sanction what the land had already become: a skateboarding mecca, a tourist destination, a legend.
	www.ushistory.org /lovepark/news/livefree.htm (1441 words)

	Welcome to the OFFICIAL Rat Ranch Website
		Rat Ranch is a rock and roll band based in Houston, Texas.
		This talented group plays original compositions as well as a wide variety of cover songs from the 70's, 80's, 90's, and today with attention to detail and presentation.
		Rat Ranch is available for clubs, private parties, and special events.
	www.ratranch.com (156 words)

	Rattus rattus (Linnaeus); Black Rat
		The fl rat is a non-native (exotic) species that is thought to have arrived in North America in the mid-1500's on the ships of early European explorers.
		The fl rat is found primarily around human habitations such as barns, warehouses, and buildings in urban residential areas.
		In areas where both Norway rats and fl rats are present, the more aggressive Norway rat forces the fl rat to live in the upper portions of buildings and in trees.
	www.discoverlife.org /nh/tx/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Muridae/Rattus/rattus (570 words)

	RatMap: The Rat Genome Database. Rat Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The RPCI31 Rat PAC library, constructed in the lab of Pieter deJong at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute by Peng Yeong Woon, is available from HGMP.
		The RPCI31 Rat PAC library, constructed in the lab of Pieter deJong at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute by Peng Yeong Woon is available from Resarch Genetics.
		The RPCI31 Rat PAC library, constructed in the lab of Pieter deJong at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute by Peng Yeong Woon is available from RZPD.
	ratmap.gen.gu.se /ratres.html (448 words)

	Mike's Kayak Journal
		I paddled from McInnis Park to Rat Rock in San Pablo Bay one day last year, and I was interested in completing the rest of the coast to another pair of islands.
		On that trip, I noticed I was paddling along another park for most of the shore.
		This turned out to be China Camp State park, named after the colony of Chinese immigrants who used to live in the cove here.
	www.kayaker.net /sfbay/ratsis.htm (740 words)

	Rat and Corn Snake Photos
		The Yellow Rat Snake is found in peninsular Florida and along the Atlantic Coast as far north as North Carolina.
		The Gray Rat Snake is found in south Georgia, the Florida panhandle, Mississippi, and Alabama and north along Mississippi River into Kentucky.
		The Gray Rat Snake is a subspecies of the Yellow Rat Snake.
	www.southalley.com /album_rat.html (1022 words)

	Rocky Mountain National Park Camping Page
		The only trout native to the park were the greenback cutthroat and the Colorado River cutthroat.
		In the mountain streams and lakes of Rocky Mountain National Park, are four species of trout; German brown, rainbow, brook, and cutthroat.
		Only 48 of the 156 lakes in the park have reproducing populations of fish Cold water temperatures and lack of spawning habitat prevent reproduction in high altitude lakes.
	www.rocky.mountain.national-park.com /camping.htm (3148 words)

	Overview of Addiction Research in NYT Magazine
		Alexander took 16 lucky rats and plopped them into Rat Park, where they were offered water or a sweet, morphine-based cocktail (rats love sweets).
		The isolated and arguably depressed rats, on the other hand, eagerly got high, drinking more than a dozen times the amount of the morphine solution as the rats in paradise.
		When I spoke with Alexander recently, he predicted that unless we undergo a "cultural renaissance" and all start living in a human version of his rat park (which he conceded isn't likely), we won't be eradicating addiction anytime soon.
	www.treatmentonline.com /treatments.php?id=782 (722 words)

	PETA - Action Alerts
		In March, the city’s health department began distributing rat poison in the park, but instead of killing rats, the poison almost wiped out the park’s squirrel population.
		The product label on the rat poison used in the park clearly states that the substance is not to be used in reach of children, companion animals, or wildlife.
		Several residents and concerned citizens have gathered physical evidence from the park, including dead squirrels, toxicology reports, photos, and video footage demonstrating the misuse of pesticides by city employees.
	www.peta.org /Automation/AlertItem.asp?id=1223 (312 words)

	Isoflurane Attenuates cAMP-Mediated Vasodilation in Rat Microvessels -- Park et al. 92 (9): 423 -- Circulation
		Plot shows percent return to baseline diameter of U46619-preconstricted rat subepicardial arteries vs logarithm of isoproterenol molar concentration in the presence and absence of isoflurane.
		Plot shows percent return to baseline diameter of U46619-preconstricted rat subepicardial arteries vs logarithm of forskolin molar concentration in the presence and absence of isoflurane.
		Plot shows percent return to baseline diameter of U46619-preconstricted rat subepicardial arteries vs logarithm of RO20-1724 molar concentration in the presence and absence of isoflurane.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/92/9/423 (2685 words)

	Demonstration of reverse fatty acid transport from rat cardiomyocytes -- Park et al. 45 (11): 1992 -- Journal of Lipid ...
		Demonstration of reverse fatty acid transport from rat cardiomyocytes -- Park et al.
		FFA release from perfused heart during a 10 min perfusion period as a function of the TG content based on measurement in unperfused hearts of matched rats.
		Cloning of a rat adipocyte membrane protein implicated in binding or transport of long-chain fatty acids that is induced during preadipocyte differentiation: homology with human CD36.
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/45/11/1992 (3805 words)

	Anai Rhoads : Squirrels Die in Rittenhouse Rat War
		AnaiRhoads.org - In an effort to preserve Rittenhouse Square from rat infestation, Philadelphia launched a series of exterminations last Autumn that proved too much for the park's squirrel population.
		Moran claimed the rats were a health hazard and that using rat poison was the only alternative at the time.
		In the letter to Mayor Street, Boyles writes, "Although the poison is intended to kill members of Rittenhouse Square Park's rat population, poisons are indiscriminate and pose an obvious threat to any dog, cat, bird, mammal, or any other "nontarget" species who may ingest them, including children.
	www.anairhoads.org /animal/rittenhouse.shtml (540 words)

	FCPA - Riverbend Park: Black Rat Snake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A long time resident of Riverbend Park, Liz has met countless school children, scout groups and families in an effort to ease people's worries about snakes.
		Liz was donated to Riverbend Park by someone in the community.
		Young fl rat snakes are often mistaken for copperheads and killed on the spot.
	www.fairfaxcounty.gov /parks/riverbend/blackratsnake.htm (142 words)

	[No title]
		If you are not a member yet just simply click here: http://ratplanet.org/RCNClub.html after you've joined just call us here to make your free appointment at Rat RX (408) 723-3193 available in Santa Clara county.
		If you want to be part of a dedicated group of folks who are currently contributing of their precious time volunteering and even a drop in the bucket of pocket change at times.
		They are very knowlegeable about rats and have done a good job on their website which is both useful and accurate."
	www.ratsareus.com (501 words)

	Significant cholinergic role in secretin-stimulated exocrine secretion in isolated rat pancreas -- Park et al. 274 (2): ...
		in the pig (10) and in the rat (22).
		Inhibitory effects of pirenzepine on cholecystokinin and secretin stimulation on exocrine and endocrine rat pancreas.
		A rat pancreas-small gut preparation for the study of intestinal factor(s) and insulin release.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/274/2/G413 (2877 words)

	The Pet Lady (Seattle Weekly)
		I bought her a big spacious three-story house, but all she does is cling to the corner wall of her pen, staring at me while chewing her little paw.
		Our correspondent was both horrified and somehow charmed by these free-range, brazen park residents, and wondered about the possibility of catching one and making a domesticated fur friend of it.
		The scurrying ruffians of Rat Park, for all the dangers in their little fur lives (aggressive pigeons, foot-stamping humans, etc.), have the run of their park to frolic in at will; they have shrubs to rat around and trash cans to provide a nice chew of garbage.
	www.seattleweekly.com /diversions/0201/the-lady.php (432 words)

	Giving Story: Kirby and Tonya Puckett
		Minnesota Twins legend Kirby Puckett says he was a "serious, serious park rat" when he was a young boy growing up in Chicago.
		Puckett's "park rat" experiences played a big part in his decision to join with Dave Winfield in 1993 as founding sponsor of the Twins Rookie League program, a youth baseball organization aimed at introducing the game to inner city boys and girls.
		Puckett's passion for helping young people is evident throughout his charitable pursuits — clearly influenced by his "park rat" days.
	www.minnesotagiving.org /stories/puckett.htm (503 words)

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