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Topic: Ratchis

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	Northvegr - History of the Langobards
		Ratchis, whose diplomatic character had been shown in his career under Liutprand, now concluded a twenty years' truce with Rome, but from some cause unknown to us, difficulties afterwards arose, and he found himself constrained to attack the Pentapolis and to lay siege to Perugia.
		His brother Ratchis now forsook his monastery, and was recognized as king by the Langobards north of the Apennines, while Desiderius, a duke in Tuscia, set up his own pretensions to the throne and the Spoletans and Beneventans joined the league of the Pope with the Frankish king.
		Ratchis appeared to have the advantage of Desiderius until the latter appealed to Stephan, who required from him an oath to surrender the cities belonging to the empire and to live in peace with Rome and faithful to the Frankish kingdom.
	www.northvegr.org /lore/langobard/044.php (3348 words)

	EN World - Morrus' D&D / d20 News & Reviews Site - View Single Post - "Out of the Frying Pan" - Book II: ...
		Ratchis tried to pick the right direction and lead his companions to safety, but visibility was almost nothing and now the wind rarely stopped biting with its cold and cruel teeth.
		Ratchis and Kazrack decided to go outside to investigate the sound, while Martin and Jana spoke with one of the barmaids who still obviously nervous, was refilling their drinks.
		Ratchis raced around the inn, and one the other side he came face to face with ghostly figure of a woman with a billowing dress and shawl.
	www.enworld.org /showpost.php?p=1340&postcount=10 (10016 words)

	Pope Stephen (II) III
		Desiderius at once invoked the assistance of the pope, and, on condition of his help, promised to restore to Rome certain cities in the exarchate and the Pentapolis which still remained in the hands of the Lombards, and to give the pope a large sum of money.
		Stephen at once sent envoys to both the rivals, and, impressing on Ratchis the duty of being true to his monastic vows, succeeded in bringing about peace, and preventing civil war.
		Ratchis returned to his monastery and Desiderius was recognized as king (about March, 757).
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/s/stephen_iii,pope.html (643 words)

	EN World - Morrus' D&D / d20 News & Reviews Site - The Fearless Manticore Killers & the Necropolis of Doom! ...
		Ratchis snorted his agreement, and soon the Fearless Manticore Killers and their dwarven allies were marching back across the ash that roiled up and burned their lungs and eyes.
		Ratchis brought his feet deftly down on the low wall that marked the lower ledge, and though he teetered for a moment, he kept his footing, slipping his chain belt from his waist to call on Nephthys’ power.
		Ratchis tried to move in such a way to put the sarcophagus between him and the undead guardian, but he over-extended him and the thing took the opportunity to swing, nicking the leaping priest in the thigh.
	enworld.cyberstreet.com /printthread.php?t=46609 (18942 words)

	EN World - Morrus' D&D / d20 News & Reviews Site - The Fearless Manticore Killers & the Necropolis of Doom! ...
		Ratchis looked up at the sun, thinking that it might be nearly exactly one day since the undead creature had drawn his life force from him, making him feel a bit cold, and a bit jittery.
		Ratchis dug a big fire pit and lined it with some of the ash, but the few scrubby trees that were in the area did not provide much wood, and the group had carried about enough tinder to last another three days.
		Ratchis’ sword blow was blocked by the forearm of his foe, doing no damage, while Martin sent his now lit torch over to the closest approaching zombie.
	enworld.cyberstreet.com /showthread.php?t=46609 (10193 words)

	EN World - Morrus' D&D / d20 News & Reviews Site - The Fearless Manticore Killers & the Necropolis of Doom! ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ratchis stood and turned, with a curled lip of disgust and cleanly cleaved the blade of his longsword into the top of the zombie’s head; one of its eyes burst, but it did not fall.
		Ratchis waited by the tunnel entrances to deal with any zombies that might emerge after them, but Jeremy and Derek hurried over to the sconces in the support pillars and slipped their burning torches into them.
		Ratchis was announcing that he was going to climb down and go after him when the dwarf finally emerged from the tunner, out of breath and admonishing the those on guard to hurry up the rope.
	www.enworld.org /showthread.php?t=46609&page=3 (9397 words)

	PAULUS DIACONUS - LoveToKnow Article on PAULUS DIACONUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The grandson of the younger Leupichis was Warnefrid, who by his wife Theodelinda became the father of Paulus.
		Born between 720 and 725 Paulus received an exceptionally good education, probably at the court of the Lombard king Ratchis in Pavia, learning from a teacher named Flavian the rudiments of Greek.
		It is probable that he was secretary to the Lombard king Desiderius, the successor of Ratchis; it is certain that this king's daughter Adelperga was his pupil.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PA/PAULUS_DIACONUS.htm (841 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope St. Zachary
		He celebrated the vigil and the feast of the princes of the Apostles at Pavia, and was able to induce the king to abandon the attack on Ravenna and to restore the territory belonging to the city itself.
		Luitprand died shortly after than and after his first successor Hildebrand was overthrown, Ratchis became King of the Lombards.
		The same year Ratchis abdicated, with his wife and daughter took the monastic vows before the pope, and all three entered the monastic life.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15743b.htm (1525 words)

	Cividale del Friuli (UK) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Under the dominations of the Lombards and the Franks, Cividale was a very important centre, both administratively and culturally ; in 737 it even became the patriarchal seat.
		Callisto's Baptistry, the Altar of Ratchis, and the small Lombard Temple - all of which dating back to the first half of the 8th century - bear noticeable witness to this period.
		Relevant witness of Lombard art is preserved here, especially when considering the Altar of Ratchis (8th cent.) and the baptistry erected under Patriarch Callisto (8th cent.).
	www.itczanon.it /zanonline/uk_civid.htm (791 words)

	Cividale Hotels booking and reservations in Italy , farmhouse , campings , b&b , bed & breakfast in Italy. Book your ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Callisto's Baptistery consists of an octagonal tower with beautiful carved decorations and an inscription on the top in praise of Patriarch Callisto (730-756); in the parapet a stone bears the name of Patriarch Sigvald, Callisto's successor, between the four evangelists; the columns and the capitals go back to the fifth century.
		The altar of Ratchis is dedicated to Ratchis, Duke of Cividale and King of the Lombards, who died as a Benedectine monk.
		The carved figures on the front part represent the triumph of Christ while on the sides there are scenes of the "Visitation" and "Adoration of the Three Kings".
	www.giroscopio.com /english/enciclopedica/cividale.htm (881 words)

	ST. ZACHARY
		King Ratchis was dissuaded from carrying fire and sword into Roman territory.
		Ratchis soon after abdicated and came to Rome to receive the monastic habit from Zachary.
		Another distinguished prince, Pippin's brother Carloman, had already done the same thing.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp91.htm (485 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Pope Zacharias
		Finding that his predecessor's alliance with the Lombard Duke of Spoleto was not protecting Papal cities against the Lombard king, Zacharias turned to Liutprand directly.
		Contemporary history (Liber pontificalis) dwells chiefly on Zacharias' great personal influence with Liutprand, and with his successor Ratchis; it was largely through his tact in dealing with these princes in a variety of emergencies that the exarchate of Ravenna was rescued from becoming a Lombard duchy.
		Zacharias is stated to have remonstrated with the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos on the part he had taken in the iconoclastic controversy.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Pope_Zacharias (180 words)

	C:\MYDOCU~1\MYSCAN~1\SCHEDU~2\vol12-e Page941.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In his dealings with the Lombards Zacharias sacrificed to King Liutprand Duke Thrasimund of Spoleto, the ally of Gregory III., thereby buying back the cities of Ameria, Horta, Polimartium, and Bleda, while a peace for twenty years was arranged with the Roman duchies.
		Still greater was the pope's influence with King Ratchis.
		In relation to the Greek Church Zacharias directed to the Emperor Constantine Copronymus a letter on image worship.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/encyc/encyc12/htm/old1/0518=494.htm.old (954 words)

	THE TOWN, Cividale del Friuli Tourist Information and Travel Guide at InfoHub.com
		Two other beautiful Lombard pieces are to be found in the Museo Cristiano (Mon-Sat 9.30am-noon and 3-6.30pm, Sun 10am-1pm and 3-6.30pm; free), housed in the precincts of the fifteenth-century Duomo.
		The Altar of Ratchis was carved for Ratchis, Duke of Cividale and King of the Lombards at Pavia, who died as a Benedictine monk at Montecassino in 759; the reliefs of Christ in Triumph and the Adoration of the Magi are delicate and haunting.
		The other highlight is the Baptistry of Callisto, named after Callisto de Treviso, the first Patriarch of Aquileia to move to Cividale.
	www.infohub.com /Destinations/Europe-&-Russia/Italy/Cividale-del-Friuli/78985.htm (544 words)

	::: Cividale.COM :::
		In the Baptistry we can find models and influences from classics, bizantini and oriental; the geometric decoration dominates but it is possible to find traces of classicism and a recall to naturalism.
		The symbols of the Evangelists at half body, that hold the tablets with his own inscriptions, are freely represented without any reference to the single nature of the animals (Eagle, ox, lion), while the face of the Angel as a pear upsidedown strongly recalls the representations of the Altar of Ratchis.
		In the decoration prevail and modules with geometric figures and animals coming from the Eastern art.
	www.cividale.com /citta/museocristiano_uk.asp (477 words)

	Ductus: Bibliography - Lowe (Loew) 1972a
		Among those who visited or whose works became popular at Monte Cassino at that time were - Willibald, Bede, Alcuin (England), Diapertus (Spain), the Bavarian Sturmius (later abbot of Fulda) sent by St Boniface, Ambrosius Autpertus (Gaul), and at the end of the ninth century, Adalhard of Corbie.
		- Under abbot Theodemar (778-97) many distinguished nobles and scholars were attracted to enter the monastery at Monte Cassino: Ratchis, king of the Lombards; Carloman, brother of Pippin; Paulus Diaconus (782).
		Stephen of Naples sent clerics to learn from Paulus, and Paulus himself spent time at Charlemagne’s court.
	www.medieval.unimelb.edu.au /ductus/demo/engine/ductus/frames/bibliography/lowe_loew1972a.html (766 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of March 15
		Zachary achieved a great deal with the Lombards by negotiation, leading to peace between the Lombards and the Greek Empire.
		In fact, he gave the Benedictine habit to Saint Ratchis, king of the Lombards.
		By contrast, Zachary's successor had to enter into the defensive alliance with the Frankish Pepin the Short, which had the ambiguously felicitous result of leading to the revival of the Western Empire and led also to the protective domination of the emperor over the Roman Church which for centuries determined the course of Western history.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0315.htm (3691 words)

	The Italy Travel Guide Accommodation, and Places to Visit
		An ideal itinerary can begin at Cividale del Friuli, the ancient Forum Julii founded by Julius Caesar, from which Friuli took its name.
		The Palazzo Comunale (14th-15th century) deserves a visit, as does the Gothic-Renaissance Duomo (15th-16th century) with works of art including a valuable gold and silver altar-piece (13th century), and the nearby Museo Cristiano (Christian museum) with the Battistero di Callisto (baptistry) and the Ratchis altar (both 18th century), masterpieces of high medieval art.
		Tourism An ideal itinerary can begin at Cividale del Friuli, the ancient Forum Julii founded by Julius Caesar, from which Friuli took its name.
	www.ciaodarling.com /italy/friuliveneziagiulia/todo.htm (1172 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Schaff, 1910 edition with power search.
		His attainments included a knowledge of Greek, rare in that age.
		Under the influence of Ratchis, Liutprand’s successor (744–749), he entered the church and became a deacon.
		King Desiderius (756–774) made him his chancellor,1070 and entrusted to his instruction his daughter Adelperga, the wife of Arichis, duke of Benevento.
	www.bible.ca /history/philip-schaff/4_ch14.htm (13947 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Aistulph
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		He succeeded his brother Ratchis in 749, and set about the conquest of all Italy.
		After taking from the Greeks the Exarchate of Ravenna he was about to seize the Patrimony of St. Peter when Pope Stephen II (or III -- 752-57) appealed for aid to Pepin the Short, King of the Franks.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01237d.htm (368 words)

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