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Fisheries Technical Terms Exploitation pattern: The distribution of fishing mortality over the age composition of the fish population, determined by the type of fishing gear, area and seasonal distribution of fishing, and the growth and migration of the fish. Exploitation rate: The proportion of a population at the beginning of a given time period that is caught during that time period (usually expressed on a yearly basis). The fishing mortality rate (F) on each age group of a stock is determined by two factors: (1) the proportion of that age group that is big enough to be captured by the gear (usually termed the partial recruitment of each age), and (2) the overall amount of fishing effort on the stock. www.nefsc.noaa.gov /techniques/tech_terms.html   (3939 words)

Rate of exploitation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The rate of exploitation is a concept in Marxian political economy. Technically speaking, in the finer points of his theory, Marx did not regard the rate of surplus value and the rate of exploitation as necessarily identical, insofar as there was a divergence between surplus value realised and surplus value produced. The rate of exploitation was, in Marx view, a concept which could be applied to any class-based labor process in history, since it expressed only the relationship between necessary labour and surplus labour. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rate_of_exploitation   (682 words)

Alaska's Sac-Roe Pacific Herring Fisheries At this exploitation rate, the median biomass was 92,433 mt with a biomass failure frequency of nearly 6%. Exploitation rates between 15% and 23% exhibited the lowest levels of sensitivity for both expected revenues and the risk of biomass failure. Unfortunately, as the exploitation rate was increased from 24% to 27%, the frequency of biomass failure leaped above 3%. www.cgc.uaf.edu:16080 /Newsletter/gg6_1/herring.html   (792 words)

Spring 1997 The primary strength of the law of the rate of profit, it seems to me, is that Marx links it directly to the rise in productivity: the rise in productivity leads necessarily to a fall in the rate of profit.   The surplus population of workers "are not employed by this excess capital on account of the low level of exploitation of labour at which they would have to be employed, or at least on account of the low rate of profit they would yield at the given rate of exploitation" (364). ·This first notion of the barrier posed by the rate of exploitation is fine as far as it goes, but we had said before that just in terms of increases in productivity capital tends to raise rather than lower the rate of exploitation. www.duke.edu /~hardt/THREE-3.htm   (2224 words)

Exploitation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Almost everyone agrees that in certain political and sociological situations, there is exploitation under color of law: under a dictatorship, the State can abuse citizens, under (some varieties of) a monarchy, nobles can abuse serfs, etc., acting with in the law, and with out fear of repercussions. The focus of most assertions about the existence of exploitation is the socio-economic phenomenon in which people trade their labor or allegiance to a powerful entity, such as the state, a corporation or any other private company, or a trade union. Following this train of thought, they argue that because only criminals and states arrogate to themselves the use of force as a tool of coercion, then only criminals, governments, and states are exploitative (in their view, labor unions are either criminal or sponsored by the state). en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exploitation   (2101 words)

Dictionary of Ichthyology E = abbreviation for exploitation rate (the proportion of a population at the beginning of a given time period that is caught during that time period (usually on a yearly basis). exploitation pattern = the distribution of fishing mortality over the age or length composition of the fish population, determined by the type of fishing gear, area and seasonal distribution of fishing, and the growth and migration of the fish. exploitation rate = the proportion of a population at the beginning of a given time period that is caught during that time period (usually on a yearly basis). www.briancoad.com /Dictionary/E.htm   (12325 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03) Exploitation Rates in the Workplace — 1954 and 1997 What follows are calculations and comparisons of exploitation rates of the average American Worker in three different manufacturing industries using data gathered from the 1954 and 1997 Economic Censuses. From 1977 to 1997, the exploitation rate rose from 2.7 to 4.4. Between 1890 and 1940, “the official labor-force participation rate of married women ranged from only 5 percent to 15 percent.” That means that at least 85% of married women were non-employed housewives, performing household labor and being exploited at a rate of 1. alum.hampshire.edu /~rpc01/exploitation.doc   (1896 words)

Spartanburg SC | GoUpstate.com | Spartanburg Herald-Journal Technically speaking, in the finer points of his theory, Marx did not regard the rate of surplus value and the rate of exploitation as necessarily identical, insofar as there was a divergence between surplus value realised and surplus value produced. The rate of exploitation was, in Marx view, a concept which could be applied to any class-based labor process in history, since it expressed only the relationship between necessary labour and surplus labour. Exploitation in the workplace might involve much more than Marx envisaged, which would lead to a much higher historical exploitation rate (see also productivity). www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Rate_of_exploitation   (614 words)

Rate of exploitation The "rate of exploitation" is a concept in Marxian political economy. It usually refers to the ratio of the total amount of unpaid labor done (surplus-value) to the total amount of wages paid (the value of labor-power). The rate of exploitation is also called the rate of surplus-value. www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/r/ra/rate_of_exploitation.html   (71 words)

VALUE AND PRICE IN MARX'S CAPITAL These different rates of profit are equalised by competition to a single general rate of profit which is the average of all these different rates of profit. He chooses the rate of exploitation, arguing that 'it would be unreasonable to have a change in the rate of exploitation - a parameter reflecting the real forces of the class struggle - forced upon us as a result of the transformation process. The general rate of profit, which is the total mass of surplus value produced, divided by the total capital invested, therefore depends on two factors, the organic composition of total capital and the rate of surplus value. members.tripod.com /ww_bbs/rcg/vpmc.htm   (17675 words)

Glossary The rate of fishing mortality for a given exploitation pattern rate of growth and natural mortality, that results in the maximum level of yield per recruit. The rate of fishing, as indicated by an equilibrium yield-per-recruit curve, greater than which the losses in weight from total mortality exceed the gain in weight due to growth. Mortality rates are critical for determining the abundance of fish populations and the effects of harvesting strategies on yield and spawning potential from a stock. www.odu.edu /sci/cqfe/glossary/glossary.htm   (4374 words)

Surplus-Value 6 Suppose, for example, that the rate of exploitation in the baking industry drops to 0.4, while the rate of exploitation in the brewing industry rises to 1,467. This was a problem for Marx, because he thought of the rate of exploitation as primary -- his idea was to reason from the rate of exploitation to the rate of profit to the values in exchange. We still can't do what Lexis suggested: take the rate of exploitation for the economy as a whole and use that to compute the relative prices, because the price of beer and bread that we come up with may not be consistent with the cost of labor that we started with. william-king.www.drexel.edu /top/prin/txt/marx/marx9.html   (501 words)

BACKGROUND This exploitation rate is based on historical estimates of spawning biomass and subsequent recruitment of 8-year-old halibut to the setline fishery. If bycatch rates can be predicted even approximately, a better strategy is to incorporate their effects on stock dynamics and yield explicitly when evaluating alternative harvest policies, and thus compensate a priori by reducing the target harvest rate. Halibut bycatch is incidental to the other fisheries, so we would expect the fishing mortality rate on halibut in those fisheries to remain approximately the same as long as the fishing mortality rates on the target species remain the same, which is generally the policy in both countries. www.iphc.washington.edu /Staff/bill/papers/harvrate.htm   (2658 words)

monop1 The rate of exploitation can be easily derived in the context of a simple model. ``Exploitation" is the amount by which marginal revenue product of labor (the amount of money the capitalist makes by employing one more worker) exceeds the wage. The rate of exploitation is often described as the ratio of exploitation ( www-personal.umich.edu /~jdinardo/monop1/monop1.html   (154 words)

Eastman2   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03) Irrigation rate was higher in the north than in the south. The tenancy rate was higher in the north than in the south. Peasant misery was caused primarily by [landlord] exploitation. www.sp.uconn.edu /~gwang/id142.htm   (160 words)

Stillaguamish Summer Chinook: The brood year recruitment is then subjected to fishing mortality, based on the target exploitation rate chosen for the run. Using the most restrictive of the two criteria, target exploitation rates of up to 0.35 would be acceptable for the Stillaguamish summer chinook stock. The comanagers have selected an exploitation rate guideline of 0.30 for the Stillaguamish chinook management unit and a critical threshold of 500 natural origin spawners for the Stillaguamish summer chinook stock. www.tulalip.nsn.us /htmldocs/StillaguamishAnalysis.htm   (2171 words)

Biological Glossary This is found by multiplying the number of possible reproductive periods by the average number of eggs or offspring produced by females of each age class. It has a very slow mutation rate which is useful in phylogenetic analysis of kingdoms and phyla. Roe: The egg-laden ovary of fish, or the egg mass of certain crustaceans. www.guiamarina.com /glossary/R.htm   (1346 words)

Glossary of Terms: Fa Marx claimed that there was a tendency for the rate of profit to fall in the course of history, and saw this as one of the sources for an historic crisis of capitalism. For a given rate of exploitation of labour, (s/v) (i.e., the ratio of surplus labour, s, to the necessary labour time workers must be paid for their labour power, v), what Marx calls the rate of profit, s/(c + v), must decline. The immediate result of this is that the rate of surplus-value, at the same, or even a rising, degree of labour exploitation, is represented by a continually falling general rate of profit. www.marxists.org /glossary/terms/f/a.htm   (3176 words)

FR Doc 05-4839 The commenter believes that this reliance on management unit rates contradicts the claim by the RMP and the PEPD that the RMP proposes a harvest management regime in which exploitation rates are restricted by the weakest component population. NMFS-derived rebuilding exploitation rates were developed by using a simulation model to identify an exploitation rate for an individual population that meets specific criteria related to both survival and recovery, given the specified thresholds and estimated spawner/recruit parameters. The proposed critical exploitation rates are ceilings that are not to be exceeded. a257.g.akamaitech.net /7/257/2422/01jan20051800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2005/05-4839.htm   (8865 words)

A SRAFFIAN INTERPRETATION OF MARX The secret of exploitation under capitalism, according to Marx, is the difference between the use value of labor power, that is to say the labor hours expended in production by the workers, and the labor value of labor power, the number of hours needed to produce the goods the workers consume. The rate of profits in terms of labor value terms is the ratio of surplus value to the expenditures layed out at the beginning of the production period. The rate of profit will generally not be a linear function of the wage, and the equalities shown in Table 8 will usually be violated. www.dreamscape.com /rvien/Economics/Essays/sraffa.html   (4433 words)

First Course, Syllabus Supplement 8 The exploitation theory and the Marxian rhetoric: “wage slavery” and the capitalists as the heirs to the slave owners and feudal aristocracy—meant literally. Things are still worse: the doctrine of progressive impoverishment: the capitalists more calculatingly greedy than earlier exploiters and the falling rate of profit leads them to constantly increase the rate of exploitation in an effort to offset it. Thus the surplus value added by fresh labor has to be spread thinner, with the result that the rate of profit falls unless the rate of exploitation is increased. www.capitalism.net /GR_PROG/p1stsup8.htm   (2970 words)

Rate me, rate my body, rate my photo, rate my picture, meet people online. Rate me, rate my body, rate my photo, rate my picture, meet people online. No copying, redistribution, retransmission, publication or commercial exploitation of downloaded material will be permitted without the express written permission of Cutemeter and the copyright owner. In the event of any permitted copying, redistribution or publication of copyrighted material, no changes in or deletion of author attribution, trademark legend or copyright notice shall be made. www.cutemeter.com /terms.html   (1259 words)

EXPLOITATION: Exploitation weaves populations into a web of relationships that defy easy generalization. Exploitation: Interaction between populations that enhances fitness of one individual while reducing fitness of the exploited individual. Most laboratory experiments have failed in that most have led to the extinction of one population within a relatively short period. www.centralia.ctc.edu /Depts/Science/Biol230/outlines/ch14.html   (676 words)

Arianna Online Forums - View Single Post - Terms & Definitions   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03) Exploitation is making use of some vulnerability in another person in order to use them to attain one’s own ends at their expense. Marx defined the “rate of exploitation”, also referred to as the rate of surplus value, as the proportion of unpaid, surplus labour a worker performs for their employer to the necessary labour workers perform, producing the value equivalent of the wage they are paid. In Capital, Marx repeatedly demonstrates that the exploitation of wage labour arises precisely on the basis of the exchange of equivalents, on the payment of wages at their value. www.ariannaonline.com /forums/showpost.php?p=2156&postcount=2   (3813 words)

Considerations in evaluating the cost effectiveness of environmental health interventions - 7. Time periode and ... Discussion surrounding the discount rate and its role in economic evaluation has been given considerable attention by those working in environmental projects, and is of key interest in projects both related and unrelated to health. The general implication is that positive discount rates mean that diseases experienced by future generations have virtually no importance in the present time period (the impact of the discount rate on the net present value of future income streams is shown in Table 7.2). The argument in favour of the use of this rate is that abatement costs tend to crowd out private investment, as most of the costs of abatement fall on the private sector. www.who.int /docstore/peh/burden/WSH00-10/WSH00-10-7.htm   (2657 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03) Average rates for Michigan of growth, mortality, exploitation and reproduction were used in the equation. Under the presumed present rate of exploitation of 25%, the greatest harvest in weight occurs at an 8-inch minimum size limit. An increase in the rate of exploitation to 45% results in a maximum harvest at about 11 inches. www.dnr.state.mi.us /PUBLICATIONS/PDFS/ifr/ifrlibra/Research/abstracts/1834abs.htm   (295 words)

[No title] The rate of exploitation can be defined in the following economics terms: RE = Wage for white laborer - Wage for Chinese laborer x 100 Wage for white laborer. The 33.33% exploitation rate originated from the disparity in the wages paid to a white laborer and a Chinese laborer. The rate of exploitation for the Chinese was 33.3% higher than the white Irish workers. www.rpi.edu /AFS/home/82/hohenp/public/Paper_4   (2445 words)

Twentieth Century 1 Marx' idea was to reason from the given rate of exploitation to the rate of profit and so to the relative prices and labor values -- but we are still trying to figure out: which rate of exploitation to begin with? Here is my distillation of a good deal of Marxist thinking on this subject: the average worker's "standard of living," that is, the "cost of production of labor," is whatever history has made it at a specific time. The objective of a capitalist is to increase his profits, and to do that, he must increase the rate of exploitation, s/v. william-king.www.drexel.edu /top/prin/txt/marx/marx10.html   (808 words)

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