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Topic: Rate of fluid flow

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	U.S. Patent: 5024105 - Viscosity-insensitive variable-area flowmeter - June 18, 1991
		The distance moved is proportional to the flow rate of liquid 4 and the annular area between the float 2 and the wall of tapered tube 3.
		The first flow obstructor is connected to the pressure sensor for (i) moving with the sensor to variable occlude the channel between the upstream and downstream locations, and (ii) receiving frictional force from the flowing fluid in the direction of the first flow obstructor's movement.
		The magnitude of fluid flow--which determines the displacement of the differential pressure sensor and the fluid flow obstructor attached thereto--may be indicated visually, or by a mechanical connection, or by, as is preferable, an electrical circuit.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5024105.html (6938 words)

	Low flow rate transducer construction - Patent 4173144
		In such a construction, the fluid flow around the paddle wheel is essentially circumferential in that the fluid maintains a reactive contact with the paddle wheel for a substantial portion of the rotation of the wheel.
		The rate of rotation of the paddle wheel is optically sensed by means of a liquid source such as a light emitting diode mounted on one end wall of a cylindrical fluid chamber which cooperates with a photosensitive device such as a photo transistor mounted in the other end wall of the fluid chamber.
		Fluid enters the fluid chamber 24 through an inlet conduit 30 which terminates at the fluid chamber 24 in an inlet port 32 and fluid leaves the chamber through an outlet port 34 which communicates with an outlet conduit 36 arranged tangentially with respect to the cylindrical well of the fluid chamber 24.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4173144.html (2414 words)

	4.66 FLUID66 Thermal-Fluid Pipe (UP19980821 ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Heat flow is due to the conduction within the fluid and the mass transport of the fluid.
		The fluid flow rate is expressed in units of Weight/Time and is positive from node I to node J. In an axisymmetric analysis these flow rates and all other output are on a full 360° basis.
		The fluid flow rate and the heat flow rate at the nodes may be printed with the OUTPR command.
	www.uic.edu /depts/accc/software/ansys/html/elem_55/chapter4/ES4-66.htm (1503 words)

	Flow rate measuring apparatus - Patent 5074147
		A hot element fluid flow rate measuring apparatus as in claim 5 wherein said current boosting circuit further comprises a PNP transistor in the emitter-follower mode disposed between the output of said operational amplifier and said second impedance.
		A hot element fluid flow rate measuring apparatus as in claim 5 wherein said current boosting circuit further comprises a plurality of PNP transistors in the emitter-follower mode disposed between the output of said operational amplifier and said second impedance.
		A hot element fluid flow rate measuring apparatus as in claim 5 wherein said current boosting circuit further comprises a plurality of NPN transistors in the emitter-follower mode disposed between the output of said operational amplifier and said second impedance.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5074147.html (3029 words)

	Differential Pressure Flowmeters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As a fluid passes through a restriction, it accelerates, and the energy for this acceleration is obtained from the fluid's static pressure.
		The position of their float, piston or vane is changed as the increasing flow rate opens a larger flow area to pass the flowing fluid.
		Rotameters are inherently self cleaning because, as the fluid flows between the tube wall and the float, it produces a scouring action that tends to prevent the buildup of foreign matter.
	tstctech.com /intc1356/differential_pressure_flowmeters.htm (8957 words)

	Re: may i apply the fluidodinamics at the electrons flow?
		Flow of liquid or gas through a pipe is a classical and statistical problem, involving large numbers of classical particles bouncing off one another and exchanging energy.
		The rate of fluid flow through a pipe is (sometimes) proportional to the cross-sectional area of the pipe, and inversely proportional to the length.
		The rate of electron flow through a resistive material is proportional to the cross-sectional area of the material, and inversely proportional to the length.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/aug2001/999006368.Ph.r.html (779 words)

	Eldridge Products, Inc. - Technology Comparison
		To avoid confusion when discussing flow or flow rate, it is important that the correct terms are used and that the concepts of flow rate, volume flow rate and mass flow rate are clearly understood.
		Orifice or orifice plate, nozzle or flow nozzle, flow venturi or venturi tube, pitot tube or pitot static tube, elbow or flow elbow, loop or flow loop flowmeters are all differential pressure flowmeters.
		The frequency of the vortices are proportional to the fluid velocity.
	www.epiflow.com /comparison.html (1840 words)

	Volumetric flow rate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In fluid dynamics, the volumetric flow rate, also volume flow rate and rate of fluid flow, is the volume of fluid which passes through a given volume per unit time (for example cubic meters per second [m
		Given an area A, and a fluid flowing through it with uniform velocity v with an angle θ away from the perpendicular to A, the flux is:
		If a surface S encloses a volume V, the divergence theorem states that the rate of fluid flow through the surface is the integral of the divergence of the velocity vector field v on that volume:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rate_of_fluid_flow (236 words)

	Flow Meters - Hydraulic - Lake Monitors
		These precision, direct-reading flow rate meters are available in aluminum, brass and stainless materials for use with a variety of oils, coolants and water.
		As the fluid flows past the turbine blades, a rotational torque is imposed onto the turbine and spring causing the turbine to rotate to a position where the spring's return force equals the fluid torque.
		Since variable fluid flow rate causes variable fluid torque, flow rate is measured by correlating turbine rotational displacement to flow rate.
	www.flo-products.com /floprod/flowh2.html (1231 words)

	Mass Flow Rate
		For flow in a tube, the mass flow rate is a constant.
		Considering the mass flow rate equation, it would appear that for a given area, we could make the mass flow rate as large as we want by setting the velocity very high.
		This is commonly referred to as flow choking and the details of the physics are given on a page considering compressible mass flow rates.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/airplane/mflow.html (548 words)

	Modern Woodworking
		Regardless of whether you are using low fluid pressure technology such as HVLP, medium fluid pressure technology such as air-assisted airless, or high fluid pressure technology such as airless, both the fluid flow rate and the fluid pressure need to remain constant.
		If the fluid stream appears to drop off or decrease in flow, you may have a problem with your compressed air supply to your pressure pot, your pressure pot may be leaking, or the fluid air regulator may be malfunctioning.
		The value indicated on the fluid regulator’s gauge when the gun is not triggered is your static pressure, and the value that is indicated when the gun is triggered is your dynamic pressure.
	www.modernwoodworking.com /03issues/August/news/finishing.shtml (1081 words)

	spinoff 2004-FLUID FLOW TECHNOLOGY THAT MEASURES UP
		To meet the SSME LOX flow need, the group required a meter that would operate in different fluid physical states; accommodate wide variations in temperature, pressure, vibration, and flow conditions; measure flow with less than 1-percent error; and provide a mechanically robust system with low probability of failure.
		Finally, as a flow conditioning device, the balanced flow technology may improve engine performance by conditioning fluid flow profiles around elbows, combustion chambers, and pump inlets.
		Fluid flow measurements such as these are used extensively in the processing industries for refineries and chemical, power, and pharmaceutical plants.
	www.sti.nasa.gov /tto/Spinoff2004/ip_2.html (794 words)

	Fluid Flow Rate
		The rates associated with the units below may be classified as volume flow or amss flow rates.
		Substitute the cylinder volume equation in for V in the volume flow rate equation.
		Rearrange the mass density equation to solve for mass, then substitute in for m in the flow rate equation.
	webpages.charter.net /griche/pt/u3s2prb.htm (771 words)

	X. Potassium Homeostasis
		An increase in the tubular fluid flow rate, resulting from an increase in GFR or an inhibition of reabsorption upstream, sweeps away the secreted K, maintaining the tubular fluid concentration low and permitting a more rapid rate of net secretion (fig 10-4 and 10-5).
		A rise in tubular fluid pH increases the conductance of the K channels in the apical membrane (fig.
		Thiazide diuretics inhibit salt reabsorption in the distal tubule and thereby increase the tubular fluid flow rate and the sodium content of tubular fluid.
	www2.kumc.edu /ki/physiology/course/ten/10_3.htm (926 words)

	II. Blood Flow and Filtration
		The macula densa senses changes in the composition of tubular fluid that occur when the tubular fluid flow rate changes and signals the afferent arteriole to alter constriction.
		Changes in the tubular fluid flow rate are brought about by changes in GFR and/or the rate of reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
		For example a rise in GFR increases the tubular fluid flow rate at the macula densa.
	www2.kumc.edu /ki/physiology/course/two/2_8.htm (544 words)

	Pipe Flow Calculation \| Pipe Pressure Drop Calculation
		Input either volumetric, mass flow rate or velocity, dynamic or kinematic viscosity, fluid density, pipe diameter and calculate Reynolds number and determine if flow is laminar or turbulent.
		Input flow rate in standard conditions and calculate pressure drop, or input pressure difference in two positions and calculate flow rate at standard conditions.
		Or, use it for heat exchanger dimensioning and flow rate calculation or energy exchage rate calculation in heat exchanger.
	www.pipeflowcalculations.com (518 words)

	Epithelial Na+ channels are regulated by flow -- Satlin et al. 280 (6): 1010 -- AJP - Renal Physiology
		in rate of luminal flow with a twofold increase in the rate of
		Flow was begun at time 0; negative time values indicate the time before initiation of fluid flow.
		reabsorption in the proximal tubule increases in response to an increase in axial flow
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/280/6/F1010 (6191 words)

	Coriolis Mass Flow Meter has 80,800 lbhr max capacity., Fluid Components Intl.
		The CMU provides true mass flow measurement with superior accuracy, while at the same time measuring fluid temperature, density and volumetric flow-making it a truly multivariable process measurement tool that reduces the need for other sensors.
		Precision Coriolis flow measurement technology is here at last for the most challenging high flow rate applications.
		Fluid Components International is a global company committed to meeting the needs of its customers through innovative solutions to the most challenging requirements for sensing, measuring and controlling the flow and level of air, gases and liquids.
	news.thomasnet.com /fullstory/481140 (1200 words)

	NIST Fluid Flow Group Mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The central mission of the Fluid Flow Group is to establish, maintain, and disseminate the standards needed by U.S. industry for fluid flow rate and fluid quantity measurements.
		These include primary standards for liquid and gas flow rate, for air speed measurements, for volume, and for liquid density for a wide range of conditions.
		The secondary mission of the Group is to conduct research to support and advance these standards as needed by U.S. industry and to interact, and where appropriate, to collaborate with industries to attain their metrological and related objectives in fluid quantity, flow rate measurement, and process control.
	www.cstl.nist.gov /div836/836.01/greenballs/Mission.html (101 words)

	Effect of flow and stretch on the [Ca2+]i response of principal and intercalated cells in cortical collecting duct -- ...
		An acute increase in tubular fluid flow rate in the microperfused
		The flow geometry for the proximal tubule is conceptually equivalent
		In perfused tubules, a rapid increase in tubular fluid flow
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/285/5/F998 (9071 words)

	Mass Flow Rate - Fluid Flow Hydraulic and Pneumatic, Engineers Edge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The mass flow rate of a system is a measure of the mass of fluid passing a point in the (˙ m)
		The mass flow rate is related to the volumetric flow rate as shown in
		Replacing V in Equation 3-2 with the appropriate terms from Equation 3-1 allows the direct calculation of the mass flow rate.
	www.engineersedge.com /fluid_flow/mass_flow_rate.htm (148 words)

	Granular-Fluid Chute Flow: Experimental and Numerical Observations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Equations of motion and boundary conditions for a flowing granular-fluid mixture, both based in the kinetic theory for granular flow, are here extended to allow for drag forces resulting from the interstitial fluid that cusions interparticle collisions and particle-wall collisions.
		The results are compared with measurements from an experimental chute in which the inclination, the solids flow rate, and the fluid flow rate are all varied.
		The results show that for the same physical conditions (slope, channel roughness, and particle size) there is a value of concentration at which the ratio of collisional stresses over total stresses is a maximum.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?9501174 (145 words)

	Lumley: Seismic monitoring of reservoir fluid flow: Fundamental theory and examplesSeismic monitoring theory
		I discuss the physical theory relevant for three-phase fluid flow in a producing oil reservoir, and rock physics transformations of fluid-flow pressure, temperature and pore-fluid saturation values to seismic P-wave and S-wave velocity.
		Knowledge of these reservoir parameters and their spatial variation is critical in the evaluation of the total volume of hydrocarbon reserves in place, in understanding and predicting physical processes in the reservoir such as fluid flow and heat transfer, and in projecting and monitoring reservoir fluid production and recovery as a function of time.
		for the pore fluid that is an isostress average of the moduli of the liquid and gaseous phases:
	sepwww.stanford.edu /public/docs/sep84/david3/paper_html (4091 words)

	Getting more for less: The unusual efficiency of fluid flow in fractures
		Although it is recognized that the opening of fractures changes with changing fracture spacing, it is a common practice to consider only the effects of loading and rock properties, and to assume that opening of all fractures is independent of fracture spacing.
		Using the cubic law and the Finite Element Method, we have investigated the volumetric flow rate through a number of equally-spaced fractures in a fractured rock layer as a function of the ratio of fracture spacing to layer thickness, under a remote extension.
		This value is independent of the fluid properties, the head gradient, the applied extension, the internal fluid pressure and the overburden stress.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2001/2000GL006124.shtml (246 words)

	Fluid Volumetric Flow Rate - Fluid Flow Hydraulic and Pneumatic, Engineers Edge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The volumetric flow rate (V) of a system is a measure of the volume of fluid passing a point in the system per unit time.
		volumetric flow rate measured in cubic feet per second.
		Calculate the volumetric flow rate of water in the pipe.
	www.engineersedge.com /fluid_flow/volumeetric_flow_rate.htm (147 words)

	Command >> FLOW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This command selects as an observation type the flow rate of phase iphase or total fluid flow rate or heat flux.
		If no phase is specified, the total flow rate is selected.
		Note that the sign of the calculated flow rate depends on the order of the two elements in a connection.
	www-esd.lbl.gov /ITOUGH2/Command/FLOW_2.HTML (127 words)

	Geochemistry Department
		He also studied the dehydration kinetics of laumontite, a common Ca-zeolite in nature, to investigate the rates and mechanisms of mineral devolatilization that could largely influence upper crustal processes such as earthquake failure and therefore hazardous seismicity.
		An experimental study of the reactive surface area of the Fontainebleau sandstone as a function of porosity, permeability, and fluid flow rate, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta Vol.
		Jové, C.F., Liou, J. G., Potter, J., and Bird, D. Experimental investigation of the effects of fluid flow rate on fluid-mineral interaction: implications for reactive surface area and reactive-transport in porous media (to be submitted).
	www.sandia.gov /eesector/gs/gc/cfjcvita.htm (484 words)

	Sensor having electrode for determining the rate of flow of a fluid page
		Sensor having electrode for determining the rate of flow of a fluid
		Sensor having electrode for determining the rate of flow of a fluid during period time.
		Electrode counter electrode rate flow, fluid passes reference electrode, counter electrode determine rate, flow fluid concentration analyte, sample fluid analyte sample, electrode counter dummy electrode, active species.
	www.patentalert.com /docs/001/z00136561.shtml (113 words)

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