Rational egoist - Factbites

Rational egoist - Factbites
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Topic: Rational egoist

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	Egoism
		Both focus on the rational egoist's attitude toward the future: the rational egoist holds that the time at which some good comes is by itself irrelevant, so that, for example, I ought to sacrifice a small present gain for a larger future gain.
		The rational egoist might reply that the instrumental theory is equally a problem for any standard moral theory that claims to give an account of what one ought rationally, or all things considered, to do.
		As a rational egoist, I claim that I ought to maximize the welfare of one person (myself).
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/egoism (4320 words)

	Egoist - Libertarian Wiki
		An egoist is a person who believes that he should act in his own interest, considering the interests of others only to the extent that they promote his own interests.
		Egoists are often prone to avoiding organized political activity, viewing tyranny more as a danger to be personally avoided rather than an evil to be eradicated.
		While egoists are often accused of being violent and anti-social, they embrace society to the extent that it is a natural outgrowth of individual interests.
	libertarianwiki.org /wiki/index.php?title=Egoist (233 words)

	Why are people still confused about "selfishness"? - Objectivism Online Forum
		As I see it, "selfishness" subsumes both rational selfishness-- that is doing what is truly in one's self-interest, and "unbridled selfishness" -- that is acting on whims, pragmatism, irrational fantasies, etc. Under this definition, Nietzsche is in fact an egoist, albeit an irrational one.
		It would be a contradiction to try to simultaneously practice rational selfishness and either of the variants on sacrificial ethics.
		The proper division to make is not between "selfishness" (whether rational or irrational) and "altruism", but rather between true selfishness, or a self-centered moral code, or a non-sacrificial ethics (you can look at it in any of these ways), and other-centered, or sacrificial, morality (which subsumes both altruism and Nietzschean "egoism").
	forum.objectivismonline.net /index.php?showtopic=92 (965 words)

	Amazon.de: The Virtue of Selfishness. A New Concept of Egoism.: English Books
		And by the way: the claim that Jesus was a 'rational egoist' is based on a verse in the book of Hebrews which says He went to the Cross for the sake of the joy which was before Him.
		In fact what she is reclaiming in this volume is the morality of rational self-interest, which is far from "selfishness" as ordinarily understood (and as defined in everyone's dictionary but Rand's).
		Of course there might be a contradiction lurking in the twin claims that (1) all religions teach 'rational selfishness,' AND that (2) everybody describes Jesus as 'selfless.'
	www.amazon.de /exec/obidos/ASIN/0451163931 (1367 words)

	Max Stirner - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, he may be understood as a rational egoist in the sense that he apparently considered it irrational not to act in one's self interest.
		The notion that one's own interest (or one's own nature) is a calling to which one is beholden (or "ought to follow" in any moral or imperative sense) is, strictly speaking, contrary to Stirner's tenets.
		His later writings would uphold a view opposed to Stirner, a trajectory mirrored by the composer Richard Wagner.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Max_Stirner (3051 words)

	Egoism and Anarchy
		The egoists argued that there could be no rational grounds for any person to recognise any authority above her own reason or to place any goal before her own happiness.
		Hence the egoist must regard others’ freedom as a revocable gift from herself to them, rather than an inherent right; but this is to take the attitude of a ruler to her subjects, not of an anarchist to her peers.
		Even if the egoist respects anarchist boundaries in practice – something of which the natural-rightsers felt none too confident – she must nonetheless reserve in principle an entitlement to impose her will on others should she judge doing so to be in her own interest.
	www.strike-the-root.com /4/long/long3.html (660 words)

	Egoism
		It would follow that for me, a distinction between my welfare and that of others would be arbitrary, and the rational egoist claim that each ought to maximize his own welfare would be unjustified when applied to me. The proposal that preferences establish non-arbitrary distinctions supports the instrumental theory better than rational egoism.
		Faced with these difficulties, the psychological egoist might move to what Gregory Kavka 1986 64-80 calls “predominant egoism:” we act unselfishly only rarely, and then typically where the sacrifice is small and the gain to others is large or where those benefiting are friends, family, or favorite causes.
		Since psychological egoism seems false, it may be rational for me to make an uncompensated sacrifice for the sake of others, for this may be what, on balance, best satisfies my (strong, non-self-interested) preferences.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/egoism (660 words)

	Lecture 4—Egoism
		Varieties of Egoism: For our purposes, we will be concerned with five forms of egoism: common-sense egoism, psychological egoism, practical egoism, rational egoism, and ethical egoism.
		Weak Rational Egoism: It is always rational to aim at one’s own greatest good, but not necessarily never rational not to do so (Baier, 1991, p.
		Conclusion: Rational egoism may have the fewest problems.
	www.angelfire.com /ab3/freewill/CMILecture4.htm (868 words)

	Ethical egoism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ethical egoism is not to be confused with rational egoism, which holds that it is rational to act in one's self-interest, but not that it is ethically imperative.
		Ethical egoism is present in the philosophies of individuals such as Friedrich Nietzsche, Soren Kierkegaard and Max Stirner (who was the first philosopher to call himself an egoist).
		Particularly anti-egoist religions are Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism (see Atman, Anatman and Pudgalavada).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ethical_egoism (696 words)

	Rand's Consequentialist Theory of Rights
		Rand could hardly be more clear when she states, "The Objectivist ethics holds that the actor must always be the beneficiary of his action and that man must act for his own rational self-interest" (Rand 1964, x).
		For instance, one could construct a mix of Christian ethics, by which one obeys god, with an egoist ethics.
		This is why the Objectivist ethics is a morality of rational self-interest -- or of rational selfishness.
	www.freecolorado.com /ari/iphil/oistconsequent.html (3960 words)

	Notes From Underground :: Fyodor Dostoevsky
		Dostoevsky wrote Notes partially as an attack on the idea of “rational egoism”, illustrating how the behavior of an “egoist” corresponds to little more than the constant, spiteful degradation of Self and Others.
		At the time of the publication of Notes from Underground, the pseudo-ideology of “rational egoism” prevailed among much of the Russian intelligentsia and bourgeoisie: the notion that rational man cannot but act in his own self-interest (which somehow corresponds to the interests of others), and that he lacks the free will to change.
		Fyodor Dostoevsky was born on October 30, 1821 in Moscow.
	www.notesfromundergroundmovie.com /fd.html (330 words)

	Egoism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Consequently, the ethical egoist is unfairly chastised on the basis of a straw-man argument.
		In the strong version of rational egoism defended by Rand, not only is it rational to pursue one’s own interests, it is irrational not to pursue them.
		Opponents of ethical egoism may claim, however, that although it is possible for this Robinson Crusoe type creature to lament previous choices as not conducive to self-interest (enjoying the pleasures of swimming all day, and not spending necessary time producing food), the mistake is not a moral mistake but a mistake of identifying self-interest.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/e/egoism.htm (4051 words)

	Egoism
		Rational egoism claims that it is necessary and sufficient for an action to be rational that it maximize one's self-interest.
		True, the ethical egoist is unlikely to recommend ethical egoism to others, to blame others for violations of what ethical egoism requires, to justify herself to others on the basis of ethical egoism, or to express moral attitudes such as forgiveness and resentment.
		Predominant egoism is not troubled by the soldier counter-example, since it allows exceptions; it is not trivial; and it is empirically plausible.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/egoism (4320 words)

	esser
		Esser, H. (1993): Response Set: Habit, Frame or Rational Choice?, In: Krebs, D. and Schmidt, P. (Eds.): New Directions in Attitude Measurement.
		Esser, H. (1998): Die Optimierung der Orientierung, in: Sitter-Liver, B. and Caroni, P. (Eds.): Der Mensch - ein Egoist?.
		Hartmut Esser studied Economics and Sociology at the University of Cologne.
	www.sfb504.uni-mannheim.de /people/esser (4320 words)

	market_anarchism
		Society for Rational Individualism, 1969 (reprinted in Society without Government: The Right Wing Individualist Tradition in America ed.
		Frank H. Brooks - Egoist Theory and America's Individualist Anarchists: A Dilemma of Praxis
		Wendy McElroy - The Schism between Individualist and Communist Anarchism in the Nineteenth Century (pdf)
	www.againstpolitics.com /market_anarchism (3075 words)

	philosophy questions 9
		That is to say that a psychological egoist seems committed to the position
		Both positions can be refuted on further rational grounds too; following Thomas Nagel in The
		Psychological egoism is pure self-interested egoism and cannot be ethical.
	www.philosophos.com /knowledge_base/archives_9/philosophy_questions_987.html (862 words)

	Egoism
		This is the main idea of my variant of egoism which I have named "rational egoism".
		Similarly, we cannot be certain that an egoist behaves in a moral way, but nonetheless a progress of society is possible.
		Egoism is a philosophical theory developed by Max Stirner.
	www.ilja-schmelzer.de /egoism (150 words)

	PEA Soup: Are Deontology, Consequentialism, and Pluralism the only viable theories of ethics?
		On this (non-Deontological or –Consequentialist) view, right acts are right because (roughly) they comport with policies that rational agents would agree on.
		I take that to be a form of consequentialism, insofar as the ultimate right-making property is that the act brings about a good state of affairs (in this egoist version of consequentialism, a good state of affairs for the agent herself).
		As for deontology, I also agree that we deontologists have trouble formulating a principle of "what makes right acts right is that..." in a way that can adequately cover all of the different deontological views; in this respect, consequentialists seem to have a much easier time with their basic principle.
	peasoup.typepad.com /peasoup/2004/07/are_deontology_.html (6598 words)

	Ayn Rand - MSN Encarta
		The Fountainhead (1943), perhaps Rand’s best-known novel, portrays Howard Roark, an architect and formidable egoist, who fights against his entire profession for his own artistic vision.
		The character of Roark embodies Rand’s philosophy of objectivism, which encourages individuals to pursue their rational self-interests.
		Ayn Rand (1905-1982), American novelist and philosopher, whose championing of the gifted individual established her as a controversial figure in 20th-century literary and philosophical debate.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761579630 (423 words)

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In the News (Fri 25 Dec 09)