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	Raul Hilberg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Raul Hilberg (born June 2, 1926) is one of the best-known and most distinguished of the Holocaust historians.
		With Christopher Browning, Hilberg is considered to be the foremost representative of the functionalist school of historiography.
		Private correspondence between Hilberg and a Canadian prosecuting attorney were made public in 1989, where Hilberg stated that he did not want to be an expert witness during the retrial of Holocuast denier Ernst Zundel, because the first trial had seen the defense attorney cross-examine Hilberg and expose the errors and self-contradictions in his stories.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Raul_Hilberg (1242 words)

	The Destruction of the European Jews - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hilberg strongly criticized Arendt's Banality of Evil thesis which appeared shortly after The Destruction, to be published with her articles for the New Yorker with respect to Adolf Eichmann's trial (Eichmann in Jerusalem).
		The following year, Hilberg claims he was barred access to the institute's archives in Jerusalem and had to resort to sneaking into the centre with the aid of a sympathetic employee.
		A Reappraisal of Raul Hilberg's The Destruction of the European Jews, by Tom Lawson, for the Institute of Historical Research (Univ. of London).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_Destruction_of_the_European_Jews (2046 words)

	MANAGING THE DEATH MACHINE - New York Times
		Hilberg opens with a brief history of anti-Semitism, the cultural taproot that made the Holocaust possible: first, Christian anti-Semitism, the anti-Jewish attitudes that were embedded in Western consciousness over the centuries by the Christian church; then the emergence in the 19th century of racial and political anti-Semitism.
		Hilberg offers some reflections on the perpetrators and the victims, as well as a long segment called ''Consequences'' in which he focuses, in turn, on the failure of the American and British Governments to attempt rescue, the war crimes trials and the survivors' plight in the aftermath of the war.
		Hilberg recalled, ''if not to deny it or to say it didn't happen, to expunge it even before it was researched.'' But it was also Rosenberg who taught him that bureaucracy is the heart of the modern state.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9A03E2DC1038F932A2575BC0A963948260&sec=&pagewanted=all (2189 words)

	Debunking the Genocide Myth -- Chapter 12
		Raul Hilberg acts as though he had no idea as to whether a witness and his testimony can be regarded as creditable, or under what conditions a document should be admitted as evidence, he has only one excuse, and that excuse is dishonesty.
		Raul Hilberg has succeeded in making his documents reveal what he wants them to reveal simply because he accepted them just as they were -- that is, rewritten, picked over, and taken out of their context.
		Raul Hilberg could then reply that to carry out an enterprise of such a scope took time, and that in 1942 they could not have gotten very far with the work, but that that does not mean it was not planned.
	www.ihr.org /books/rassinier/debunking2-12.html (4072 words)

	Acts That Speak for Themselves - New York Times
		Hilberg's first book since the appearance of his revised study in 1985, is a response to his critics as well as a look back by the scholar who gave definition to Holocaust studies.
		Hilberg's style will be struck immediately by his outward calm, his flat, unadorned prose, enlivened only occasionally by his taste for bitter irony.
		Hilberg is more nuanced than he first was 30 years ago, when he alleged a deep, culturally ingrained Jewish "passivity." He now mentions Jewish resistance, although sparingly, in a chapter called "The Unadjusted." He is occasionally sympathetic to the situation of the Jewish leadership in trying to deal with their communities' executioners.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CEED61038F933A1575AC0A964958260&sec=&pagewanted=all (1216 words)

	LRB \| Inga Clendinnen : Every Single Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Hilberg is after the Nazi beast in all its manifestations and consequences: its complex, interlocking bureaucratic structures and the range of personalities who staffed them; those who watched; those who suffered Nazi violence directly and indirectly.
		Hilberg proudly (and provocatively) declares himself to be 'a brute-force man' undaunted by abundance: 'the more paper in the files the better.' Gross must content himself with fragments, because there is nothing else.
		Hilberg's 'perpetrators, victims, bystanders' distinctions are implicit throughout, and Gross is determined to uncover the dynamics of their interactions within Jedwabne's tiny frame and in the textures of its everyday life.
	www.lrb.co.uk /v24/n10/clen01_.html (2097 words)

	Reappraisal: The Destruction of the European Jews
		Hilberg argues that the Nazi campaign proceeded from legislative discrimination against Jews in Germany after 1933, through aryanisation and liquidation of Jewish businesses and assets from the mid nineteen-thirties and then the physical and temporal ghettoisation of the Jewish populations in Nazi-occupied Europe from 1939, to their murder and annihilation after 1941.
		Hilberg’s essential thesis is that the ‘Final Solution’; was a bureaucratic process – and that it was the bureaucracy of the Nazi state that drove forward, with ever more lethal radicalism, the policies inflicted on Europe’s Jews.
		Hilberg’s double-pronged analysis rests on the observation that in the main Jews displayed an ingrained passivity in their response to Nazism and that the Jewish leadership, in the shape of the Judenräte (Jewish Councils), was an essential part of the German bureaucracy of destruction contributing to the efficacy of the ‘Final Solution’;.
	www.history.ac.uk /reviews/reapp/lawsonT.html (3254 words)

	Commentary Magazine - The Destruction of the European Jews, by Raul Hilberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		...Hilberg's study is that the Germans persuaded themselves that the extermination of the Jews was a necessity...
		...Hilberg has made to history and sociology in this impressive work is his illumination of this great gulf between those who continued and those who sought to reverse a long-successful but, in its latest and perhaps unique encounter with the German bureaucracy, ultimately disastrous tradition...
		...Hilberg shows, the whole institution of the concentration camp at Theresienstadt, which involved a huge administrative upheaval, was simply a device to give plausibility to the myth of "resettlement...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V33I4P81-1.htm (3948 words)

	Hilberg Named to American Academy of Arts and Sciences : UVM The View
		Raul Hilberg, professor emeritus of political science at the University of Vermont and a towering international figure in the discipline of Holocaust studies, was elected as a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences on April 26.
		Hilberg, who retired from teaching at the university in 1991, was a young UVM professor when he published his 1961 landmark volume, The Destruction of the European Jews, a foundational piece of research that precisely documented the Holocaust and brought it “back to life” with a rigor and authenticity previously unseen.
		Hilberg is the fourth UVM faculty member recognized with membership in the academy.
	www.uvm.edu /theview/article.php?id=1652 (373 words)

	Zundelsite: DSMRD - Testimony of Raul Hilberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Raul Hilberg was born in Vienna, Austria, in 1926.
		Hilberg testified that the Richard Korherr referred to in the passage was the chief statistician of the SS and police.
		Hilberg admitted it was true, as stated in the pamphlet, that Stroop came immediately came under fire and that in the ensuing battle which lasted four weeks, German and Polish casualties totalled 101 men killed and wounded.
	www.zundelsite.org /english/dsmrd/dsmrd09hilberg.html (20280 words)

	Norman G. Finkelstein
		Hilberg, we've spoken before on the phone, at length about various issues pertaining to the numbers of survivors after the Holocaust and the term, the definition of survivors is a little bit difficult, depending on who you talk to.
		HILBERG: The implication is that the number is much too high, and that particularly in a matter of the Swiss claims, which were pursued by lawyers in the World Jewish Congress against banks in Switzerland, the problem is that there aren't enough bank accounts to justify the billion, 250 million that the Swiss banks paid.
		HILBERG: I think there was from the very beginning, on the part of irresponsible lawyers, I must say, and on the part of the equally irresponsible World Jewish Congress, an exaggeration of the number of survivors, the number of laborers who could still have been alive in 1945 when the war ended.
	www.normanfinkelstein.com /article.php?pg=3&ar=50 (4170 words)

	Norman G. Finkelstein
		Editor's Note: Raul Hilberg is the most distinguished historian on the Nazi holocaust, best known for his classic three-volume study The Destruction of the European Jews, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
		Raul Hilberg: I would in substance agree with what he says because I have said much the same things myself and the methods of the World Jewish Congress and some other organizations or people allied with it in his campaign I feel are detestable.
		Raul Hilberg: According to the agreement with the banks nothing should go to Jewish organizations and their own projects, but they are already queuing up to get money for educational purposes and memorials.
	www.normanfinkelstein.com /article.php?pg=3&ar=202 (2739 words)

	Genocide by telepathy, Raul Hilberg explains
		Raul Hilberg, the most prestigious of the authors who defend the thesis of the physical extermination of Jews by the Germans during the Second World War, began his investigation of this subject in 1948.
		While Hilberg of course holds to his basic extermination thesis, this explanation is radically different from the one he had previously given.
		Raul Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1985, 3 vols.), p.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v18/v18n1p15_Faurisson.html (1158 words)

	Facing History and Ourselves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Renown Holocaust scholar Raul Hilberg is professor emeritus of political science at the University of Vermont, where he taught courses on international relations, American foreign policy, and the Holocaust.
		Hilberg began a doctoral dissertation on the Holocaust when he was 22, and as a member of the War Documentation Project classifying German documents, began the research for what would become his first book.
		Raul Hilberg discusses the evolution of bureaucracy in Nazi Germany.
	facinghistory.org /facing/fhao2.nsf/scholars/Raul+Hilberg?opendocument (642 words)

	The Jewish Journal Of Greater Los Angeles
		Raul Hilberg was not encouraged when he approached his professor, Franz Neumann, about writing his doctoral dissertation on the role of the German civil service in the Holocaust.
		As a result, Hilberg became associated with Arendt’s critique of Jewish leadership and also of her concept regarding the banality of evil.
		Indeed, for a generation, Hilberg was barred from the archives of Yad Vashem, until younger historians came to power and ended the notion that researchers had to be ideologically vetted.
	www.jewishjournal.com /home/print.php?id=14018 (1494 words)

	History in Focus: The Destruction of the European Jews book review
		Hilberg's essential thesis is that the 'Final Solution' was a bureaucratic process – and that it was the bureaucracy of the Nazi state that drove forward, with ever more lethal radicalism, the policies inflicted on Europe's Jews.
		Hilberg's double-pronged analysis rests on the observation that in the main Jews displayed an ingrained passivity in their response to Nazism and that the Jewish leadership, in the shape of the Judenräte (Jewish Councils), was an essential part of the German bureaucracy of destruction contributing to the efficacy of the 'Final Solution'.
		Hilberg's homage to the work of Götz Aly is an implicit acknowledgement that anti-Semitism was for many cast in the context of a much wider racial vision in the Third Reich.
	www.history.ac.uk /ihr/Focus/Holocaust/Lawson.html (3173 words)

	H-Net Review: David A. Meier on The Politics of Memory: The Journey of a Holocaust ...
		Hilberg was born in Vienna, where his family found its limited niche in Austrian society.
		Hilberg was forced to seek financial assistance in a variety of forms.
		Hilberg stated that Arendt reestablished ties with a lover from her days as a student, namely Martin Heidegger, and sought to rehabilitate him.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=14672858516162 (1342 words)

	Historian achieves honorary doctorate
		Hilberg is best known for his book The Destruction of the European Jews, considered by historians to be one of the most comprehensive studies of the Holocaust and genocide of millions of Jews by Adolph Hitler's regime.
		Hilberg was chosen to receive the award by a 15-member faculty committee, and approved by President Graham Spanier and the Penn State Board of Trustees for his contribution to society.
		Born in Vienna to a Jewish Austrian family, Hilberg fled Europe in 1939 alone at the age of 13 to escape the Nazis.
	www.collegian.psu.edu /archive/2000/12/12-08-00tdc/12-08-00dnews-6.asp (554 words)

	Shofar FTP Archives: people/h/hilberg.raul//rassinier-distortions.01
		In addition, he made minor but strategically important changes in Hilberg's quote and then quoted it out of context in order to make it appear as if there were some contradiction between the two scholars.
		In _The Destruction of the European Jews_, Hilberg analyzed the role of the railways in the annihilation process.
		Raul Hilberg, _The Destruction of the European Jews_ (New York, 1967), p.
	www.nizkor.org /ftp.cgi/people/h/hilberg.raul/ftp.py?people/h/hilberg.raul//rassinier-distortions.01 (371 words)

	Amazon.com: The Destruction of the European Jews (Third Edition): Books: Raul Hilberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Raul Hilberg is professor emeritus of political science at the University of Vermont
		Hilberg's brilliant and dispassionate treatment of attempts throughout history to destroy the Jews sets a new standard for scholarship and for the historical analysis of emotionally charge subjects.
		Hilberg moves beyond Jewish deaths to encompass the Sinti and Roma (Gypsies), German male homosexuals, etc. He also discusses the planned partial genocide of the Polish population, wherein a fraction of it would be Germanized or kept alive as a reservoir of slave labor, and the rest put to death.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0300095570?v=glance (2442 words)

	Giant with Feet of Clay: Raul Hilberg and his 'standard work' on the Holocaust (review)
		In the world of orthodox Holocaustry, Hilberg passes for a document and policy man, who more than once has expressed his distaste for the indulgence given the eyewitness testimony of "survivors" and other self-interested parties, such as the late propagandist Jan Karski.
		Giant's treatment of Hilberg's accounts of the deportations, mass shootings, and estimated number of Jewish dead is spirited, though in view of the space and evidence, available, not as comprehensive.
		According to the Arthur Butz, who took Hilberg's measure a quarter century ago in his magisterial Hoax of the Twentieth Century: "This book has great educational value provided it is studied, rather than read." That's true: a clever sixteen year old who reads Giant will be able to crush Hilberg and flabbergast her instructor.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v20/v20n6p77_Okeefe.html (609 words)

	Amazon.com: Destruction of the European Jews: Books: Raul Hilberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		First published in 1961, Raul Hilberg's comprehensive account of how Germany annihilated the Jewish community of Europe spurred discussion, galvanized further research, and shaped the entire field of Holocaust studies.
		This revised and expanded edition of Hilberg's classic work extends the scope of his study and includes 80,000 words of new material, particularly from recently opened archives in eastern Europe, added over a lifetime of research.
		Raul Hilberg is professor emeritus of political science at the University of Vermont --This text refers to the Hardcover edition.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0841909105?v=glance (2378 words)

	Hilberg Honored in Munich for Holocaust Research : UVM The View
		Raul Hilberg, professor emeritus of political science, was awarded the Geschwister Scholl Prize for the German edition of his 2001 book, Sources of Holocaust Research, and for the body of his life’s work, which laid the foundation for studies on the persecution and murder of European Jews by the Nazis.
		The Scholl prize, named for German resistance leaders Hans and Sophie Scholl, is funded by the Association of Bavarian Publishers and the city of Munich.
		Born in Vienna in 1926, Hilberg emigrated to the United States in 1939 and joined the U.S. Army in 1944.
	www.uvm.edu /theview/article.php?id=643 (317 words)

	J. Graf: Holocaust or Hoax?
		The "hundreds of thousands" of documentary proofs of German mass murder promised in the introduction are simply never produced; Hilberg's only proof of mass murders in the extermination camps are the eyewitnesses, the confessions of war criminals, and the judgements of trials (in turn based exclusively on eyewitnesses and confessions by the accused).
		Hilberg cannot conceal the fact that there are no documents relating to any plan to exterminate the Jews.
		As may be seen from the standard literature, for example the work of Raul Hilberg (20), the main crematorium at Auschwitz I possessed 6 muffles; crematoria II and III of Birkenau possessed 15 muffles each; and the Birkenau Kremas IV and V possessed 8 muffles each.
	www.vho.org /GB/Books/hoh/chap8.html (7823 words)

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