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Topic: Raul Prebisch

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	Raúl Prebisch Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Raúl Prebisch (1901-1986) was known primarily for his work as a scholar specializing in international and development economics and for his leadership as an executive in various agencies of the United Nations.
		Prebisch's views on international trade were a direct attack on classical-orthodox trade policy based on the theory of comparative advantage which was developed by British economist David Ricardo (1772-1823).
		Prebisch was in Santiago, Chile, advising ECLA when he died of a heart attack in 1986.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/raul-prebisch (1107 words)

	South Bulletin 22 - Many Civilisations Have Nurtured Humanity
		She was one of the key speakers at the centennial celebrations to honour Dr. Raúl Prebisch.
		Prebisch's deep faith and efforts in this direction are the best evidence of the possibilities of a collective global action that could lead to the achievement of these common objectives.
		With the changes that have taken place in the last decade and century and the emergence of globalisation, we were hoping that the world with the varied and different cultures and ancient civilisations would seek further convergence and further joint action in order to reach common benefits.
	www.southcentre.org /info/southbulletin/bulletin22/bulletin22-04.htm (1720 words)

	Raul Prebisch
		Essentially, Raul Prebisch argued that the colonial enterprise and international trade had not been necessarily useful for economic development - as the earlier theorists might imply.
		Raul Prebisch argued that international trade only reinforcing this 'bad development' path.
		Prebisch argued that protectionism in trade and import- substitutition strategies were acceptable, indeed necessary if these countries were to enter a self-sustaining development path.
	www.economyprofessor.com /theorists/raulprebisch.php (356 words)

	Prebisch Reconsidered: Coping with External Shocks in Vulnerable Economies
		Prebisch argued that domestic industrialization would foster the spread of technology, increase employment, enhance the productivity of the labor force, and reduce the region's vulnerability to the international economic system.
		What Prebisch likely did not envision was the manner in which the international financial arena would evolve during the latter half of the twentieth century, particularly regarding the fluidity and extent of capital flows and financial integration.
		Prebisch argued for attention to the institutional reforms needed to address the failings of traditional ISI policies.
	www.frbatlanta.org /econ_rd/larg/larg_invoke.cfm?objectid=CBC39CBC-B434-11D5-898400508BB89A83&method=display (6599 words)

	Biography Mr. Raúl Prebisch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Raúl Prebisch was born in San Miguel de Tucumán, a city in the interior of Argentina, in April 1901.
		Prebisch was Executive Secretary of the United Nation's Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).
		Raúl Prebisch's energetic personality loomed large in his country at critical moments; he exercised a decisive influence on ideas about development paths for Latin America and the Caribbean and contributed to the United Nations' efforts to achieve a fairer international economic order.
	www.eclac.cl /cgi-bin/getprod.asp?xml=/noticias/paginas/5/14295/P14295.xml&xsl=/tpl-i/p18f-st.xsl&base=/tpl-i/top-bottom_acerca.xsl (315 words)

	Commanding Heights : Raul Prebisch and Dependencia Theory \| on PBS
		Commanding Heights : Raul Prebisch and Dependencia Theory
		By the end of the 1940s, the essential elements of their thinking were already articulated and promoted by the United Nations Economic Commission on Latin America (ECLA) and most notably by an Argentinean economist named Raul Prebisch, who headed the commission from 1948 until 1962.
		Prebisch and those who joined him at ECLA propounded an international version of the inevitability of class warfare.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitextlo/ess_dependencia.html (894 words)

	Singer-Prebisch thesis -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		According to the Singer-Prebisch thesis, advanced by economists (additional info and facts about Raul Prebisch) Raul Prebisch and (additional info and facts about Hans Singer) Hans Singer, the (additional info and facts about terms of trade) terms of trade between primary products and manufactured goods tends to deteriorate over time.
		This suggests that countries that export (additional info and facts about commodities) commodities (such as most (additional info and facts about developing countries) developing countries) would be able to import less and less for a given level of exports.
		Singer and Prebisch suggested that for this reason, developing economies should not focus on producing primary products but should instead promote the development of (additional info and facts about manufacturing industry) manufacturing industry.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/si/singer-prebisch_thesis1.htm (323 words)

	National The Telegraph - Weekly (Nepal)
		Raul Prebisch is quoted as saying: "center is innovative while periphery is imitative.
		Raul Prebisch is also of the view that the market mechanism alone is powerless to settle these-dependency- problems and hence an effective state is quite essential for overcoming the structural problems that have been responsible for creating the dependency syndrome.
		The provisions in the treaty of 1950, and with others by the policy of liberalization and globalization explain the dependence with India, mainly after the people’s movement for the restoration of multi-party democracy in 1990.
	www.nepalnews.com /contents/englishweekly/telegraph/2001/jan/jan03/national.htm (1531 words)

	"Dependency Theory: An Introduction," Vincent Ferraro, Mount Holyoke College, July 1966
		Prebisch and his colleagues were troubled by the fact that economic growth in the advanced industrialized countries did not necessarily lead to growth in the poorer countries.
		Prebisch's initial explanation for the phenomenon was very straightforward: poor countries exported primary commodities to the rich countries who then manufactured products out of those commodities and sold them back to the poorer countries.
		Prebisch's solution was similarly straightforward: poorer countries should embark on programs of import substitution so that they need not purchase the manufactured products from the richer countries.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/depend.htm (2751 words)

	GLOBALIZATION and less-developed nations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		"Raul Prebisch, who helped shape economic development throughout the developing world, was probably the third world's leading economist in the 1960's.
		Since resigning from UNCTAD in 1969, Dr. Prebisch divided his time between Buenos Aires and Santiago, Chile, where he was director general for the Latin American Institute for Economic and Social Planning.
		The economic boom of Chile under Pinochet popularized the concept which is at the basis of the free-trade area of the Americas, promoted at the Quebec Assembly of the Americas.
	www.stanford.edu /group/wais/GlobalIssues/intl_lessdevelopednations5901.html (354 words)

	UNCTAD Press Release TAD/INF/2767 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The work of Dr. Stiglitz has also been recognized through his election as a fellow to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Econometric Society.
		The Raúl Prebisch Lectures were instituted in 1982 by Mr.
		The first lecture was given by the late Dr. Raúl Prebisch himself.
	r0.unctad.org /en/Press/pr2767en.htm (364 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Research by Raul Prebisch, the first director of the UN’s Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA), indicated that the t-o-t for certain Latin American countries actually had deteriorated during the first half of the twentieth century.
		Prebisch advanced a theoretical explanation for the deteriorating t-o-t in periphery nations in the form of differential income elasticities of demand which caused the global demand for manufactured goods to increase (and their prices to rise) at a faster pace than the demand for primary products (causing their prices to fall).
		Prebisch concluded that the industrial producer core nations, with their advocacy of comparative advantage specialization, succeeded in keeping the primary product periphery nations in a state of perpetual dependent poverty.
	facweb.furman.edu /~dstanford/fte2/FTESG6.htm (580 words)

	The Economics of Raul Prebisch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Raúl Prebisch represents a particular approach to the economics of development that was popular in Latin America in the 1950's and 1960's.
		It could be called heterodoxical, in the sense that it purported to be a viable alternative to the orthodox approach to economic policy represented by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
		With the failed attempts of various heterodoxies and the successes of neoconservative policies not much is heard now of Prebisch and other proponents of structuralism and heterodoxy.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/prebisch.htm (305 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Hondorus / Appendix B
		The basic strategy for development in Latin America was pioneered in the 1950s by Raúl Prebisch and the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).
		Prebisch argued that continued overreliance on primary commodity exports as a source of foreign exchange would eventually lead to economic stagnation and even economic contraction because as population growth and falling commodity prices would exert downward pressure on per capita gross domestic product (GDP--see Glossary).
		It was through the committee that ECLAC advanced the Prebisch model of coordinated industrialization within regional trading blocs.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/honduras/hn_appnb.html (3618 words)

	Encyclopedia: Dependency theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Dependency theory first emerged in the 1950s, advocated by Raul Prebisch whose research found that the wealth of poor nations tended to decrease when the wealth of rich nations increased.
		Economic sanctions are economic penalties applied by one country (or group of countries) on another for a variety of reasons.
		Dr. Raúl Prebisch (1901 – 1986) was an Argentine economist known for his contribution to structuralist economics, in particular the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis that formed the basis of economic dependency theory.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Dependency-theory (1708 words)

	Singer-Prebisch Thesis
		This suggests that countries that export commodities (such as most developing countries) would be able to import less and less for a given level of exports.
		Singer and Prebisch suggested that for this reason, developing economies should not focus on producing primary products but should instead promote the development of manufacturing industry.
		One reason this might be the case is that if the income elasticity of demand for manufactured goods is greater than that for primary products, then as incomes rise the demand for manufactured goods would increase more than the demand for primary products.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/si/singer_prebisch_thesis.html (310 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		(From the WSP Database) The document presents the contribution of Professor Rafiq Hariri to the 8th Raul Prebisch Lecture in Geneva on 24 October 1997.
		In his delivery, he argues that the precise nature of the import substitution strategy advocated by Prebisch was misunderstood, its limits being recognized by Prebisch himself.
		Furthermore, this policy approach cannot be solely blamed for the relative underdevelopment of closed economies, such as Latin America and the Middle East in the 1970s.
	www.ilir.umich.edu /lagn/step2.cfm?Title=Globalization,_Social_Conflict,_and_Economic_Growth (201 words)

	Social exclusion in Latin America: An annotated bibliography: Discussion Papers: Publications: International Institute ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In this book Raul Prebisch presents the theoretical basis and the analytical framework for the thesis later on known as the classical Prebisch-Singer thesis.
		Questioning the merits of free trade as the engine of growth, the authors claimed that under the division of labor then prevailing in the world economy, the countries at the periphery of the world system were subjeted to deteriorating terms of trade and chronic slow down in domestic capital accumulation.
		Prebisch's well-known report originated from the concern over the failure of Latin American countries to achieve adequate rates of development.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/bureau/inst/papers/1994/dp70/ch2.htm (7560 words)

	Establishment of the Group of 77 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Prebisch, a market economist was of the opinion that while the market was useful as an efficient allocator of resources it did not aid unequal participants who need the help of benefits and special treatment to be able to function effectively.
		Prebisch advised the group (which at that time was reluctant to do so) in their own interest to join hands with the Afro-Asians to form a single developing country grouping.
		The evolution of the Group of 77 is intimately linked with the United Nations system and remains a clear manifestation of the importance that the latter attaches to multilateral co-operation.
	www.unesco.org /delegates/g77/history/establishment-of-g77.html (427 words)

	Articles and Speeches
		But changes in the system do not necessarily mean that the legitimate interests of society have prevailed, it only means it has been accomplished for some segments in both developed and developing countries alike.
		And that is why today there are still countries, whose populations are but 15% of the population of the entire planet, that continue to hold over 80% of total product.
		When I re-read the speech that the General Secretary gave at that meeting (similar to this one, prior to UNCTAD IX, which was held in Caracas in 1996), I was astounded to see that practically all the problems mentioned by Mr.
	www.sela.org /public_html/aa2k/en/discursos/speech7.htm (2267 words)

	CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT: LATIN AMERICA'S GREAT TASK, RAUL PREBISCH, REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE
		There is a direct link between the increase of marginality and the incapacity of urban activities to absorb the population increment in productive employment.
		The state must assume a dominant role, but rather than socialize the means of production, it must work to coordinate private and public enterprise in order to overcome the obstacles and contradictions between center and periphery.
		Consequently the problem of development planing is one of assuring that there be sufficient productive investment, and then of directing that productive investment into such channels as will provide for the most rapid growth of the productive power of national economy.
	www.unm.edu /~soc101/quotedepend.htm (2239 words)

	Import Substitution Industrialization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The theory was popularised by Argentine economist and UNECLA head Raúl Prebisch in the 1950s, and was subscribed to by many Latin American countries.
		The theory is similar to that of mercantilism in that it believed in high exports and minimal imports to increase national wealth.
		Prebisch believed that developing countries needed to create forward linkages domestically and could only succeed by creating the industries that used the primary products already being produced by these countries.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/I/Import-Substitution-Industrialization.htm (289 words)

	Advocate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The story of the failure of the NIEO was told last week from the viewpoint of the Developed States and today Legis will attempt to outline some of the reasons for the failure from the perspective of three eminent spokesmen from the Developing States: Havelock Brewster, Raul Prebisch and Samir Amin.
		Raul Prebisch who set out the Dependencia Theory which was outlined last week identified the debt crisis which had devastated Latin America between 1975 and 1982.
		Prebisch writes: Yet no one was paying much attention to that ominous increase until August, 1982, when Mexico teetered on default.
	www.barbadosadvocate.com /NewViewNewsleft.cfm?Record=15642 (986 words)

	[Marxism] Celso Furtado (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		For him, like Raul Prebisch, to speak about the world economy, means to speak about the existence of a centre and a periphery.
		Here are some interesting comments on Prebisch and Furtado by Carlos Rebello, which first appeared on Marxmail as a response to something Sam Pawlett had written about dependency theory.
		Latin America economies, therefore, suffered from what Prebisch called at the time a "dollar shortage" that imposed the necessity of import substitution industrializatiom.
	lists.econ.utah.edu /pipermail/marxism/2004-November/016881.html (260 words)

	EconPapers: Raul Prebisch and the Beginnings of the Latin American School of Economics: A Rhetorical Perspective
		Raul Prebisch and the Beginnings of the Latin American School of Economics: A Rhetorical Perspective
		The focus here is on the argumentative structure of the document, which targets two different audiences, a lay and a specialized one.
		Relying on a center-periphery metaphor, Prebisch stresses the shortcomings of conventional economic theory when applied to distinct historical circumstances, i.e., to the peculiar conditions experienced by peripheral countries.
	econpapers.repec.org /article/tafjecmet/v_3A6_3Ay_3A1999_3Ai_3A3_3Ap_3A423-38.htm (338 words)

	A/RES/42/194. Raul Prebisch Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Raul Prebisch Foundation The General Assembly, Recognizing the important and valuable contribution of Raul Prebisch, first Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and former Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Latin America, to the United Nations system, in particular to development and international economic co-operation, 1.
		Warmly welcomes the establishment in Argentina of the Raul Prebisch Foundation to promote the study of development issues, especially those which affect the developing countries; 2.
		Invites all States and relevant agencies, organizations and bodies of the United Nations system to support the activities undertaken by the Raul Prebisch Foundation for the cause of development.
	www.un.org /documents/ga/res/42/a42r194.htm (114 words)

	13 March 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In other words, Ricardo's model explains why free trade is a positive sum game in which both sides gain from trade and enjoy what former US Secretary of Treasury Lawrence Summers used to call "shared prosperity." In contrast, Raul Prebisch and his dependency theory argued that free trade hurt the economies of developing countries.
		Prebisch advocated an inward-looking economic development strategy in which developing countries would pursue a protectionist strategy, in which they would frequently substitute local production for imports.
		In contrast to China's open door policy, India followed the Raul Prebisch ideas and pursued an inward-looking economic development strategy that kept its doors closed to globalization.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/symposia/pacific2003/rosenberger.htm (5522 words)

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