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Topic: Ray finned fish

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	Tarpon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The tarpons are large coastal fish notable as a prize of anglers.
		The last ray of the dorsal fin is much longer than the others, reaching nearly to the tail.
		The tarpon is considered one of the great saltwater game fish, not only because of the size it can reach and its accessible haunts, but because of its fighting spirit when hooked; it is very strong, making spectacular leaps into the air.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tarpon (249 words)

	NOVA \| Ancient Creature of the Deep \| Other Fish in the Sea \| PBS
		It is a fierce fighter with sharp teeth that is known to eat fish of all kinds as well as frogs, snakes, turtles, and even small mammals.
		Scientists once thought that these fish used their paddles to dig in muddy river bottoms or as a means of providing balance in river currents.
		Though most modern bony fish have symmetrical tails (the top and bottom lobes are the same size), sturgeon have asymmetric tails like those of a shark.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/fish/other.html (1557 words)

	fish, in zoology: Types of Fish
		Fishes of the extinct class Placodermi were the first vertebrates to develop jaws and paired fins.
		The bony fishes are distinguished from other living fishes by their bone skeletons and by the presence of either a swim bladder (which functions as a float) or, in a few fishes, lungs.
		Ray-finned fishes, now predominant in both fresh and marine waters, represent an advanced adaptation of the bony fishes to strictly aquatic conditions; they are the most highly successful and diverse of the fishes.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0858139.html (382 words)

	Fish Fish and more Fish...oh yea Did I say Fish?
		Fish are more active and grow more in the spring and summer, causing the scales to leave rings very much like the rings of a tree.
		Fish were the earliest vertebrates and presumably evolved from a group of aquatic lower chordates; the terrestrial vertebrates evolved from fishes.They are found in all marine, fresh, and brackish waters throughout the world and at all depths.
		Fish are a major source of human food as well as of oil, fertilizer, and feed for domestic animalsA number of aquatic invertebrate animals and groups have common names that include the term fish (for example, crayfish and shellfish), but these do not resemble and are not related to true fishes.
	www.angelfire.com /weird2/aaabkk (885 words)

	Ray-Finned Fish Provolves / Acties
		Actinopterygian or Ray-finned fishes (as opposed to lobe-finned, from which all Terragen land vertebrates are believed ultimately to be derived) were not originally considered by many to be promising candidates for provolution - being cold-blooded, small-brained, generally non-social, and lacking fine manipulators or anything that could easily be adapted as such.
		The earliest fish provolves, both ray-finned and otherwise, were generally larger species from warmer waters, and domestic species such as chinese carp and goldfish.
		All fish provolves (ray-finned and otherwise) known to date have retained eir fully-functioning gills and the ability to draw oxygen from water at least as well as eir non-provolved cousins.
	www.orionsarm.com /clades/Acties.html (607 words)

	fish -> Types of Fish on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) are distinguished from the bony fish by their cartilage skeletons, by the absence of either a swim bladder or lungs, by the construction of their tail fins, and by the absence in most of a gill covering, or operculum.
		The queen of the cardinal fish in the "Fish Stadium" during a competition at the Tropical Fish Festival.
		Families fish for aquarium fish in a village on a sandbank in the Rio Negro at Itu.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/fish_TypesofFish.asp (1104 words)

	The History of Animal Evolution
		Like the conodonts, fish are members of the chordate phylum because they display certain defining characteristics: a dorsal stiffening rod called the notochord, a dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits and a tail that extends beyond the anus.
		However, fish are placed in the subphylum Vertebrata, because they also show the development of skeletal features such as a backbone, skull, and limb bones.
		The placoderms and acanthodian fish were quite diverse during the Devonian, but their numbers then dwindled rapidly and both groups became extinct by the end of the Carboniferous period.
	sci.waikato.ac.nz /evolution/AnimalEvolution.shtml (5074 words)

	Bony Fish
		In addition, most have a swim bladder, which is ordinarily used to adjust their buoyancy, although among the air-breathing fishes it is attached to the pharynx and serves as a simple lung.
		These animals have slender fin rays suporting their fins and lack the odd appendages of the lobe-finned fish.
		Fish scales are not plugged into skin like your hair (if you pull a hair out you don't destroy an overlying epidermis).
	cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/images/bony_fish.htm (627 words)

	Notes Chap 33 - Fish
		Water flows over gills as the fish swims - this water is flowing in the opposite of the flow of blood (countercurrent flow).
		When a fish opens its mouth, it "swallows" water, water passes over the gills and then out the gill slits, which are covered by the fish's operculum.
		The fish heart is a single loop circulation which has 2 chambers.
	www.biologycorner.com /bio2/notes34-fish.html (328 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 140.000 Sarcopterygii: Overview
		They are distinguished from the Actinopterygians or ray-finned fish by their muscular fins with articulating bones.
		The fins are called lobe fins because they are fleshy and like the limbs of land animals, rather than the fins of familiar "ray-finned" fish.
		The lobe fins swivel on a shoulder or hip socket (like a tetrapod limb) and most of the bones can be matched directly to the bones in the limbs of land animals.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/140Sarcopterygii/140.000.html (533 words)

	The Bear Gulch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The high diversity of fish and the wide range of body forms is evidence of a complex ecosystem most similar to modern bay or estuarine commun ities.
		Classical explana tions for the preservation of such fauna invoke anoxic bottom waters, but there is a ubiquitous bottom-living and burrowing component of the fish fauna through both sets of beds and all across the basin, that demonstrates the presence of a livable aerobic benthic environment.
		Some of these fish, however, are of considerable interest and beauty, and those that are available for placement in the public eye are presented here, with brief remarks upon each.
	www.sju.edu /research/bear_gulch/beargulch.shtml (581 words)

	bowfin -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The bowfin is a voracious fish found in sluggish North American waters from the Great Lakes southward to the Gulf of Mexico.
		The fish grows rapidly and at the end of its first year may be as long as 23 centimetres (nine inches).
		They are one of the three major groups of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii), the other two being the chondrosteans and the teleosts.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9016025 (556 words)

	ADW: Actinopterygii: Information
		Nearly all bony coral reef fishes produce pelagic young (meaning they live in the water column for a period of time before settling on reefs), and the length of the stage is highly variable, from only a week in some damselfishes to greater than 64 weeks in some porcupine fishes.
		In this situation, smaller males attempt to 'sneak' fertilize the eggs of females as peak spawning is occurring; the smaller males release gametes simultaneously in the vicinity of the spawning pair.
		Pheromones allow fish to recognize specific habitats (such as natal streams in salmon), members of the same species, members of the opposite sex, individuals in a group or hierarchy, young, predators, etc. Some groups in dominance hierarchies even associate the scents of individuals with their particular ranking.
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /chordata/actinopterygii.html (6444 words)

	Fish Prions
		In traditional systematics, the extinct lobe-finned bony fish (Rhipidistia) are regarded as the closest relatives of tetrapods.
		To investigate the phylogenetic relationships in Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) and Sarcopterygii (African lungfish and African bullfrog), we sequenced GH from the pituitary of the primitive bony fish, Amia calva.
		Extracts of the brain of the holostean fish Lepisosteus platyrhincus and the forebrain of the dipnoan fish Neoceratodus forsteri were fractionated, with results suggesting that the ancestral proenkephalin gene of both actinopterygian and sarcopterygian fish contained both the Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin sequences.
	www.cyber-dyne.com /~tom/Pract_Phylo_fish.html (4189 words)

	Fish
		The ray-finned group of bony fish includes the types of fish we are most familiar with, but also the eels, which are fish even though they do not look like it.
		Many fish have scales, hard plates which are part of the skin.
		All fish are cold-blooded, so the inside temperature of their bodies is the same as the temperature of the water around them.
	www.dmturner.org /Teacher/Library/4thText/VerPart2.html (543 words)

	Timerock Fossils, Minerals & Crystals - Ancient Species - (Ray-finned) Fish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The creatures we normally think of as "fish" are known as ray-finned fish because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony spines.
		Ray-finned fish of several types appeared in the Devonian Period (408 to 354 million years ago).
		Teleosts, which are now the dominant type of fish, first appeared late in the Triassic Period (about 215 million years ago).
	www.timerock.com /timerock/library/fossils/species_rayfinned_fish.htm (234 words)

	Glossary
		The class of fish (including sharks, skates, and rays) whose skeletons are composed of cartilage.
		Lobe-finned fishes are osteichthyans (bony fishes) with fleshy lobe-shaped fins that are like the limbs of terrestrial animals.
		These were the earliest jawed fish and are known for bony armor on their heads and necks.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /paleo/geotime/main/glossary.html (6998 words)

	Lesson: 3 Fun with Fish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Fish are vertebrates that live in water and breathe with gills.
		Fish swim by alternating contracting muscle groups on either side of body, in a wave like motion.
		A fish stays a float by use of a swim bladder which is a structure that is filled with gases and helps the fish keep a float in the water.
	users.etown.edu /k/kirchmer/fish.html (331 words)

	[No title]
		Fins, like other vertebrate appendages, may serve a variety of functions, and some types of fish can even be identified by the type of fin they have.
		Some fish have the pectoral and pelvic fins well separated, while in others, the pelvic fins may be right under or even a little in front of the pectoral fins.
		However, the fish is also somewhat similar to a lungfish because the pectoral and pelvic fins have a fleshy base.
	www.whozoo.org /ZooPax/ZPFins.htm (940 words)

	Comparative Anatomy Topic 4 - Form and Function (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Fishes range from about 8 mm to the 20 m whale shark.
		In the case of this marine hatchet fish, there is a slight slant.
		Both water and air are fluids and the rules that apply to a fish in water are much the same as a bird in the air.
	www.auburn.edu /academic/classes/zy/0301/Topic4/Topic4.html (3073 words)

	More on Morphology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As the name suggests, the fins are supported by parallel bony rays, which in life are webbed with thin tissue; the fins themselves contain very little muscle, and are primarily moved by muscles within the body.
		Teleost fish -- the majority of ray-finned fishes -- have upper jaw bones (the maxilla and premaxilla) that are free from the other skull bones and move independently, sliding forward when the mouth is opened.
		This organ is a sac containing gas; the fish is able to adjust its buoyancy and thus its position in the water by adjusting the amount of gas in the swim bladder.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /vertebrates/actinopterygii/actinomm.html (439 words)

	Biology4Kids.com: Vertebrates: Fish
		Fish have had an evolution all their own.
		The bodies of rays and skates have developed large wings that allow them to glide through the water using their tail as a rudder.
		Bony fish were able to out-compete most of the fish that had cartilage for skeletons.
	www.biology4kids.com /files/vert_fish.html (388 words)

	Encyclopedia: Actinopterygii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Growing up to 45 centimeters in length and more than half a kilogram in weight, they feed on copepods, krill and small fish and are food for seals, whales, cod and other...
		They are traditionally treated as a subclass of the Subclasses Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii Osteichthyes are the bony fish, a group paraphyletic to the land vertebrates, which are sometimes included.
		They are traditionally treated as a subclass of the Osteichthyes, or bony fish, but as that group is paraphyletic they may...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Actinopterygii (2854 words)

	Class Osteichthyes
		These fish have a skeleton much stiffer than the cartilaginous fish because it is reinforced by calcium salts.
		Other hallmarks of these fish are paired fins, many teeth, dermal scales in the skin (in most species), and numerous vertebrae.
		However, it was the lobe-finned fish that made possible the colonization of land.
	www.sidwell.edu /us/science/vlb5/Labs/Classification_Lab/Eukarya/Animalia/Chordata/Vertebrata/Osteichthyes (220 words)

	Fish of the Bear Gulch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For relationships of these fish, see a relatively recent cladistic character matrix of the Chondrichthyes.
		ACTINOPTERYGII (Subclass, known for bony, jointed fin rays, and primitively with only one dorsal fin.) Paleozoic Actinopterygii were for the most part small and are known predominantly from poorly preserved remains.
		For a study of the relationships of these fish, see a relatively recent cladistic character matrix of the lower Actinopterygii.
	www.sju.edu /research/bear_gulch/fishinfo.shtml (554 words)

	Salmonidae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish, the only family of order Salmoniformes.
		It includes the well-known salmons and trouts; the Atlantic salmons and trouts of genus Salmo give the family and order their names.
		Together with the closely-related Esociformes (the pikes and related fishes), the Salmoniformes comprise superorder Protacanthopterygii.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Salmonidae (90 words)

	holostean -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The first is related to the appearance of the earliest ray-finned fishes, the palaeonisciforms.
		These fishes possess essentially the same feeding mechanism design and the same pattern, including a fully heterocercal tail, as later...
		The Holostei are characterized by having the dermal bone of the upper jaw (maxilla) freed from the cheek elements and attached to the skull only in the ethmoid region or near the nasal chambers.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9111055?tocId=9111055 (407 words)

	Phylogeny of the Basal Vertebrates (Fish)
		In the bony fish (Osteichthyes), the cartilage in most groups is replaced with bone, and buoyancy increased by lungs or a swim bladder.
		The bony fish are divided into two groups based on the structure of the fin.
		In the Actinopterygians, or ray-finned fish, the fins are supported by a fan of spiky fin rays.
	www.whozoo.org /fish/fishtaxa.htm (227 words)

	Questions3.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Air bladders of extant freshwater holostean fishes, Lepidosteus (gar pike) and Amia (bowfin) have a folded inner surface and are capable of some gas exchange.
		Primitively, the air bladder of actinopterygians is connected to the pharynx by a pneumatic duct, a condition which allows the animal to and gulp or discharge air, thereby adjusting its density.
		The first fishes had a dorsal bladder unconnected to the gut.
	bill.srnr.arizona.edu /classes/182/Quests3.htm (776 words)

	Fugu Genome Analysis Provides Evidence for a Whole-Genome Duplication Early During the Evolution of Ray-Finned Fishes ...
		fishes and ray-finned fishes (450 Myr) (Kumar and Hedges 1998).
		ray-finned fish lineage spurred the radiation of teleosts.
		Erythropoietin gene from a teleost fish, Fugu rubripes
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/msh114?ijkey=63iEe5xV0JRz2&keytype=ref (3382 words)

	Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles
		Most bony fish have a __________ that allows the fish to adjust its density in response to the density of the surrounding water.
		One group of bony fish, the __________, were thought to have been extinct for more than 70 million years.
		Most fish __________ are made of bone and can be tooth shaped, diamond shaped, cone shaped, or round.
	highered.mcgraw-hill.com /sites/0078617405/student_view0/chapter3/chapter_review_quizzes-eng_.html (346 words)

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