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	Raya Dunayevskaya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Raya Dunayevskaya (1910 – 1987) was a Ukrainian born immigrant to the United States of America who was a member of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP).
		Dunayevskaya was the founder of Marxist Humanism in the United States.
		In her role as a Russian speaker and member of the SWP, Dunayevskaya was asked to join the staff of Leon Trotsky in Mexico City, from which assignment she returned to the USA in 1939.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Raya_Dunayevskaya (426 words)

	The Johnston Forest Tendency in the the US. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Raya Dunayevskaya was born in the Ukraine and brought to the USA by her parents as a child.
		Dunayevskaya also, developing her critique of state capitalism, they began to apply it not only to capitalist society and stalinist russia but to the bureaucratic elements in the labour movement itself.
		For James and Dunayevskaya it was also a chance to see the possibility of spontaneous action which, largley due to the unorganised nature of the disputes, gave credence to their position that it was the workers themselves and not parities who were the most important force in the revolutionary struggle.
	home.mira.net /~andy/seminars/aajames.htm (2748 words)

	Raya Dunayevskaya
		Raya Dunayevskaya (1910–1987) is the founder of the philosophy of Marxist-Humanism.
		In two letters written May 12 and 20, 1953, she deepened her study of the Hegelian dialectic and saw in Hegel's Absolutes a dual movement—a movement from practice that is itself a form of theory and a movement from theory reaching to philosophy.
		Raya Dunayevskaya's speeches, letters, publications, notes, recordings and other items are located in the Walter P. Reuther Library at Wayne State University in Detroit.
	www.newsandletters.org /Raya_Dunayevskaya.htm (603 words)

	socialism and democracy
		Dunayevskaya argued that state ownership is an altogether inadequate approach to resolving the contradictions of capitalism.
		For Dunayevskaya the dialectic of negativity is the notion that forward movement emerges from the negation of obstacles to freedom.
		Dunayevskaya succeeds in showing that Marx was engaged throughout his life in a compre- hensive project of human liberation, the bringing about of a new society based on new human relations.
	www.sdonline.org /34/eli_c_messinger.htm (962 words)

	Anne Fairchild Pomeroy: "Why Marx, Why Now?: A Recollection of Dunayevskaya's Power of Negativity"
		What is clear is that Dunayevskaya herself was still in the process of drawing the disparate pieces of her analysis together.
		In Hegel, Dunayevskaya found the answers to her questions about the nature of the revolution and what is to come in or as the post-revolutionary epoch.
		For Dunayevskaya this was the negation enacted in the Russian revolution.
	eserver.org /clogic/2004/2004/pomeroy.html (6010 words)

	Prometheus Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Continuing her historical analysis, Dunayevskaya reveals how completely Marx's original conception of freedom was perverted through its adaptations by Stalin in Russia and Mao in China, and the subsequent erection of totalitarian states.
		Yet despite the profound derailment of Marxist political philosophy in the twentieth century, Dunayevskaya points to developments such as the Hungarian revolt of 1956, and the Civil Rights struggles in the United States as signs that the indomitable quest for freedom on the part of the downtrodden cannot be forever repressed.
		Raya Dunayevskaya, who died in 1987, was a highly respected and influential philosopher, political activist, and feminist, and the founder of Marxist Humanism in the United States.
	www.prometheusbooks.com /site/catalog/book_1101.html (315 words)

	Women's Liberation and the Dialectics of Revolution - Reaching for the Future - Raya Dunayevskaya
		This rich collection of 35 years of Raya Dunayevskaya's writings, based on active participation, correspondence, interviews, and meetings, develops the dialectics of revolution which emerges from masses in motion, including not only women and men, but all the forces—labor, youth, the fl dimension, as well as women's liberation.
		What Raya Dunayevskaya sees as crucial is the missing link of philosophy in revolutions, both in theory and in fact.
		Raya Dunayevskaya knew the importance of a feminist vision and hers informed the Marxist-Humanism she explained so well.
	wsupress.wayne.edu /labor/dunayevskayawl.htm (216 words)

	Marxism and Feminism
		Dunayevskaya believes that when thinking and action are not the same, they must continually readdress and renew each other.
		For Dunayevskaya, Marx’s concept of Man/Woman relationship in his 1844 humanist essays is a break through to the conception of just how total must be the uprooting of this exploitative society if we are ever to achieve a new human one.
		Dunayevskaya believes that although it is hard to overcome male chauvinism since we are living in a class society, we can break through the status quo.
	struggle.net /mhf/feminism.htm (2606 words)

	Monthly Review: The Philosophy and Politics of Freedom - Book Reviews
		Raya Dunayevskaya's three major books--Marxism and Freedom; Philosophy and Revolution; and Rosa Luxemburg, Women's Liberation, and Marx's Philosophy of Revolution--have now been capped by a splendid fourth volume, The Power of Negativity: Selected Writings on the Dialectic in Hegel and Marx, lovingly and carefully edited by two capable followers.
		Dunayevskaya was politically engaged from the 1920s as a teenager in the early Communist movement until she died in 1987, after leading her own Marxist-Humanist group for more than three decades.
		Rees complains that Dunayevskaya and her one-time co-thinker C. James "map the categories of Hegel' s philosophy directly onto the history of capitalism in an unmediated and abstract manner." And, in fact, there is a remarkably abstract quality to Dunayevskaya's discussion of practical politics, including questions of strategy, tactics, and organization.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1132/is_8_54/ai_96675847 (1075 words)

	[Marxism] Raya Dunayevskaya book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		But Dunayevskaya, more than three decades later, after Stalinism and at the same time after the maturity of mass movements from below, particularly one that impacted her thought, the Miners' General Strike of 1949-50, felt the need to probe deeper into Hegel's Absolutes.
		And of course, one isn't trying to academically tease out "fine points." The point for Dunayevskaya was trying to workout the relationship between philosophic creation, re-creation as in Marx and his concretization in political-organizational practice.
		Dunayevskaya, the >original translator of two essays from Marx's 1844 Manuscripts and as well >as of Lenin's Philosophic notebooks, was the author of a number of works.
	lists.econ.utah.edu /pipermail/marxism/2004-August/012009.html (619 words)

	Johnson-Forrest Tendency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		James, who used the pen name J.R. Johnson, and Raya Dunayevskaya alias Freddie Forrest.
		They also differed from the WP on the approach to dealing with racism, "the Negro question" in the vocabulary of the time, with which James and Dunayevskaya were involved theoretically and practically.
		Their return to Hegel's philosophy as being the foundation of Marx's philosophy was largely due to Dunayevskaya, who was deeply immersed in both Marx's and (being a Russian speaker), Lenin's writings in Russian.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Johnson-Forrest_Tendency (191 words)

	Directory : Science : Social Sciences : Political Science : Political Philosophy : Political Philosophers : ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Raya Dunayevskaya's analysis of the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre.
		Raya Dunayevskaya's commentary on Mao Tse Tung's Essays on Philosophy.
		Raya Dunayevskaya's analysis of the 'new forces' entering political activity in the 1960s.
	www.senszycia.pl /katalog/index.php?c=Science/Social_Sciences/Political_Science/Political_Philosophy/Political_Philosophers/Dunayevskaya,_Raya (171 words)

	Interactivist Info Exchange \| Loren Goldner, "Johnson-Forest Tendency for Beginners" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		One of her earliest independent contributions after the 1940 break with Trotsky was a series of articles (1944) demonstrating the capitalist nature of the Soviet economy (in the previous year Soviet economists had themselves announced that the operation of the law of value was a permanent feature of “socialism”).
		Dunayevskaya’s knowledge of Russian gave her access to Lenin’s 1914 Philosophical Notebooks (16) (almost unknown at the time in the English-speaking world) and Lee’s knowledge of German opened the way to Hegel’s Logic and to the almost-unknown 1844 Manuscripts of Marx.
		Dunayevskaya had agreed that the Leninist vanguard party was outdated, but felt, in contrast to James, the need for some kind of revolutionary organization.
	slash.autonomedia.org /article.pl?sid=04/04/20/1622246&mode=nocomment&tid=9 (3669 words)

	Queer Notions III: Heterosexism and Sexism in Engels
		Raya Dunayevskaya was one of the few Marxist theoreticians to grapple with Marx's Ethnological Notebooks when they were published in transcription in 1972.
		Dunayevskaya saw that Engels's rigidity about historical movement was a philosophic error which muted Marx's dialectics and led to biologism: the belief that our biology determines our fate.
		Dunayevskaya was deeply critical of Engels's conclusion that "the overthrow of mother-right was the world-historic defeat of the female sex." Dunayevskaya pointed out that this was not Marx's phrase, because it made a mockery of women's force and Reason since this reputed defeat.
	www.graphicgirlz.com /qniii/engels.htm (803 words)

	Capital & Class: Power of Negativity: Selected Writings on the Dialectic in Hegel and Marx, The
		This new collection of writings by the late Raya Dunayevskaya, originator of the philosophy she called Marxist-- Humanism, offers an alternative to standard views, by showing how one Marxist thinker developed a new and creative version of Marxism through an enga ement with Hee's absolute.
		They also reveal aspects of the process of Dunayevskaya's thinking that may be less evident in the books she published during her lifetime, thus providing access to the mind of a thinker who really should get more attention.
		Dunayevskaya came of age in the period when Stalin's counter-revolution, coming from within the revolutionary movement, succeeded in transforming what grew out of the Russian Revolution into totalitarianism.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3780/is_200304/ai_n9223604 (1087 words)

	Dunayevskaya, Raya Science, Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Mao Perverts Lenin Raya Dunayevskaya's commentary on Mao Tse Tung's Essays on Philosophy.
		New Passions and New Forces Raya Dunayevskaya's analysis of the 'new forces' entering political activity in the 1960s.
		The Shock of Recognition and the Philosophic Ambivalence of Lenin Chapter 3 of Raya Dunayevskaya's Philosophy and Revolution, on Lenin and his study of Hegel's Logic.
	www.leesretreat.org /bHJfMzE4OTE3.aspx (132 words)

	Hobgoblin Journal
		Dunayevskaya, also from Ukraine; knew Rosdolsky from 1948.
		Their differences increased with Dunayevskaya seeing the centrality of dialectics in Marxism as opposed to “in general”.
		Here Dunayevskaya takes issue with Rosdolksky, asserting that it is this dialectical methodology which is ‘totally missing’ in his magnum opus: the Making of Marx’s Capital
	www.thehobgoblin.co.uk /journal/6rosdolsky.htm (2070 words)

	Monthly Review January 2003 Paul Le Blanc
		Raya Dunayevskaya’s three major books—Marxism and Freedom; Philosophy and Revolution; and Rosa Luxemburg, Women’s Liberation, and Marx’s Philosophy of Revolution—have now been capped by a splendid fourth volume, The Power of Negativity: Selected Writings on the Dialectic in Hegel and Marx, lovingly and carefully edited by two capable followers.
		Rees complains that Dunayevskaya and her one-time co-thinker C. James “map the categories of Hegel’s philosophy directly onto the history of capitalism in an unmediated and abstract manner.” And, in fact, there is a remarkably abstract quality to Dunayevskaya’s discussion of practical politics, including questions of strategy, tactics, and organization.
		Rees, like Dunayevskaya before him, demonstrates that this dialectical outlook and method were absorbed into the very being of Marx, to be transformed by him but never abandoned.
	www.monthlyreview.org /0103leblanc.htm (2649 words)

	Raya Dunayevskaya / Rosa Luxemburg, Women's Liberation, and Marx's Philosophy of Revolution
		In this important and wide-ranging critique of Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919) Raya Dunayevskaya examines the life, political thought, and action of one of the most critical revolutionary figures of our time.
		Dunayevskaya sheds new light on the questions of socialist democracy after the revolution, disclosing both the unprobed feminist dimension of Rosa Luxemburg and the previously unrecognized new moments in Marx's last decade concerning the role of women and the peasantry.
		As the founder of Marxist-Humanism in the United States, Dunayevskaya (1910-87) was an internationally respected writer, philosopher, and revolutionary.
	www.press.uillinois.edu /pre95/0-252-01838-9.html (156 words)

	Directory - Science: Social Sciences: Political Science: Political Philosophy: Political Philosophers: Dunayevskaya, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		New Thoughts on the Dialectics of Organization and Philosophy · cached · Final comments of the 77-year-old Raya Dunayevskaya on Lenin's study of Hegel's Logic.
		New Passions and New Forces · cached · Raya Dunayevskaya's analysis of the 'new forces' entering political activity in the 1960s.
		The Shock of Recognition and the Philosophic Ambivalence of Lenin · cached · Chapter 3 of Raya Dunayevskaya's Philosophy and Revolution, on Lenin and his study of Hegel's Logic.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=318917 (165 words)

	Raya Dunayevskaya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		While the Raya Dunayevskaya Collection is important, above all as a record of the development of her own independent philosophy of Marxist-Humanism, there is also a wealth of material that belongs to the history of Trotskyism - notably Appendix 1: Leon Trotsky: Letters, Conversations, Unpublished Documents.
		Both collections are held at Wayne State University Archives of Labour and Urban Affairs in Detroit, but the Raya Dunayevskaya Collection is available on microfilm.
		Any of your readers who would like a copy of the brochure on the Raya Dunayevskaya Collection can obtain one by sending a large stamped addressed envelope to me at 30 Sunningwell Road, Oxford OXI 4SX.
	www.revolutionary-history.co.uk /backiss/Vol3/No1/Aberneth.html (219 words)

	Hobgoblin Book Promotion
		RAYA DUNAVESKAYA - PHILOSOPHER OF MARXIST-HUMANISM - By Eugene Gogol
		Each of Dunayevskaya's major worksMarxism and Freedom (1958), Philosophy and Revolution (1973), and Rosa Luxemburg, Women's Liberation and Marx's Philosophy of Revolution (1983) is examined inseparable from the objective world events and revolutionary subjectivity that unfolded from the 1940s into the 1980s.
		Eugene Gogol served as a secretary to Raya Dunayevskaya in the 1980s, as well as managing editor of the Marxist-Humanist newspaper News and Letters.
	www.thehobgoblin.co.uk /books/books05.htm (1131 words)

	Johnson-Forest Tendency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Raya Dunayevskaya was born in the Ukraine in 1910 but came to in the U.S. in 1920 and managed to be expelled for Trotskyism from the American Communist Party at age 14.
		In 1943 the Workers Party participated in the series of wildcat strikes that shook the American auto industry in Detroit (15), at the same time that the United Mine Workers under John L. Lewis were waging a long illegal strike in the Appalachian coal fields.
		It is highly significant, and little recognized, that the first English-language translation of the latter texts, which played such an important role in the Marxist renaissance of the 1950’s and 1960’s, initially appeared in the press of the Johnson- Forest tendency in 1947.
	home.earthlink.net /~lrgoldner/johnson.html (3419 words)

	University of Missouri Special Collections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Guide to the Raya Dunayevskaya Collection: Marxist-Humanism--1941 to 1975, Its Origin and Development in America introduces the collection, and describes the contents of reels 1-3.
		Raya Dunayevskaya, founder of Marxist-Humanism in the United States, was born in Russia and came to the United States as a child.
		She was the Russian secretary to Leon Trotsky during his Mexican exile from 1937 to 1938.
	mulibraries.missouri.edu /specialcollections/womanstudiesmf.htm (2571 words)

	Niebyl-Proctor Marxist Library - An Alternative Library for Social Research
		Rosa Luxemburg challenged Lenin on this topic, which is still very compelling today, especially as reflected in a recent Rosa Luxemburg conference in China.
		Raya Dunayevskaya on Lenin's lapse into a "would-be absolute"
		They reveal more sharply the new dimensions Raya Dunayevskaya saw in her engagement with Marx.
	marxistlibr.org (654 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Books: The Power of Negativity: Selected Writings on the Dialectic in Hegel and Marx (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A collection of writings on Hegel, Marx and dialectics captures the central dictum of Raya Dunayevskaya, hailed as the founder of Marxist-Humanism in the USA.
		Dunayevskaya's dictum, contrary to the established views of Hegelians and Marxists, maintains that Hegel was of signal importance to the theory and practice of Marxism.
		This book sheds light on Marxist-Humanism and the root of Dunayevskaya's Marxists-Humanism theories in Hegel, as well as the life of one of America's most provocative critical thinkers.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0739102672 (357 words)

	The C.L.R. James Institute: C.L.R. James on Marx's Capital & State Capitalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		While James wrote extensively on the political, social, and even philosophical dimensions of state capitalism, which characterizes the Stalinist state, his writings on political economy as the foundation of the state capitalist theory are quite rare.
		Within the Johnson-Forest Tendency Raya Dunayevskaya was the acknowledged expert on Capital.
		Finally, there is a long-lost intervention by Raya Dunayevskaya, under her pseudonym F. Forest, "A Restatement of Some Fundamentals of Marxism Against Carter's Vulgarization", said to be originally published as a Bulletin of the Workers Party in 1944, republished by News and Letters in January 1978 (23 pp.).
	www.clrjamesinstitute.org /statecap.html (438 words)

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