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Topic: Rayleigh criterion

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	John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Right Honourable John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (12 November 1842–30 June 1919) was a British physicist who (with William Ramsay) discovered the element argon, an achievement that earned him the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904.
		Rayleigh died on June 30, 1919 in Witham, Essex.
		Craters on Mars and the Moon are named in his honor as well as a type of surface wave known as a Rayleigh wave.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lord_Rayleigh (242 words)

	Inviscid theory: the Rayleigh criterion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		We shall first present Rayleigh's discovery of an inviscid stability criterion for the problem and then outline Taylor's solution of the viscous case.
		Thus the criterion for rotational stability is that the specific angular momentum must increase outwards.
		Rayleigh first obtained this criterion using energy considerations.
	astron.berkeley.edu /~jrg/ay202/node139.html (231 words)

	Application to Accretion Disks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Clearly points A and B which satisfy Rayleigh's inviscid criterion for instability but are stabilized intially by the effects of viscosity will eventually move into the unstable regime and give rise to turbulent flow.
		On the other hand the point C, which is orignally stable by Rayleigh's criterion continues to remain stable at arbitrarily large Reynolds numbers.
		After all Rayleigh's criterion was derived for inviscid flow, i.e., for infinite Reynolds numbers.
	astron.berkeley.edu /~jrg/ay202/node141.html (579 words)

	The Rayleigh Criterion
		The Rayleigh criterion is the generally accepted criterion for the minimum resolvable detail - the imaging process is said to be diffraction-limited when the first diffraction minimum of the image of one source point coincides with the maximum of another.
		The Rayleigh criterion for diffraction-limited vision for an iris diameter of 5 mm and a wavelength of 500 nm is:
		So 20/20 is about 8x the Rayleigh criterion.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/phyopt/raylei.html (508 words)

	Olympus FluoView Resource Center: Airy Patterns and the Rayleigh Criterion - Interactive Java Tutorial
		Airy diffraction pattern sizes and their corresponding radial intensity distribution functions are sensitive to the combination of objective and condenser numerical apertures as well as the wavelength of illuminating light (when monochromatic light is used to illuminate the specimen).
		This tutorial assumes that virtual objective lenses are completely free of aberrations, that the Airy patterns are of identical brightness, and that the unit diffraction pattern generated by the specimen through a circular aperture is in fact an Airy disk.
		This figure plots the ratio of the numerical apertures of the condenser and objective versus the minimum resolved distance between Airy patterns (Rayleigh criterion) in units of wavelength divided by the objective aperture.
	www.olympusfluoview.com /java/rayleighdisks (975 words)

	Diffraction Effects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Two adjacent sources are said to be just resolved if the central maximum of one source coincides with the first minimum of the other source - this is known as the Rayleigh Criterion.
		The Rayleigh Criterion therefore defines the minimum separation that two objects can have in order for them to be barely resolved.
		It is a function of the wavelength of the light and the aperture size of the telescope, and is also known as the angular resolution.
	www.ulo.ucl.ac.uk /~diploma/diffraction_effects.html (494 words)

	Olympus FluoView Resource Center: Airy Patterns and Resolution Criteria (3-D Version) - Interactive Java Tutorial
		For a well-corrected objective with a uniform circular aperture, two adjacent points are just resolved when the centers of their Airy patterns are separated by a minimum distance (D) equal to the radius (r) of the central disk in the Airy pattern.
		Beneath the Intensity Plot window is a real-time calculation of image contrast and the Rayleigh resolution criterion according to Abbe diffraction theory.
		When the two Airy patterns are sufficiently separated so that the Rayleigh and Sparrow criteria are satisfied, this is indicated in boxes positioned beneath the sliders.
	www.olympusfluoview.com /java/resolution3d (1034 words)

	ATM_Feb95: The Rayleigh Criterion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An example of this kind of thinking was seen in all its glory in the November, 1990, issue of Sky and Telescope in which, beginning on page 482, several 10-inch paraboloids are tested.
		On page 484 of that same issue it is stated that a Newtonian primary can qualify, by itself, for the Rayleigh Tolerance and thus be termed diffraction limited.
		It is quite meaningless to speak of the Rayleigh Criterion as applying to a single element in an optical train, such as a paraboloid.
	astro.umsystem.edu /atm/ARCHIVES/FEB95/0155.html (492 words)

	Lens (optics)
		This corresponds to a collimated beam being focused to a single spot at the focal point.
		The size of the image in this case is not actually zero, since diffraction effects place a lower limit on the size of the image (see Rayleigh criterion).
		The formulas above may also be used for negative (diverging) lens by using a negative focal length (f), but for these lenses only virtual images can be formed.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/l/le/lens__optics_.html (1870 words)

	ATM_Feb95: Re: The Rayleigh Criterion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Maybe in reply to: Robert Kemper: "The Rayleigh Criterion"
		I think I recall reading, that what Rayleigh actually said, was that it was permissable for a small portion of the wavefront to depart by as much as a quarter wave from where it should be, provided the rest of the wavefront was much better.
		An optical system which meets this criterion would be pretty good, lots better than (e.g.) quarter-wave RMS.
	astro.umsystem.edu /atm/ARCHIVES/FEB95/0160.html (132 words)

	The laws list: R
		For a flbody at thermodynamic temperature T, the radiancy R over a range of frequencies between nu and nu + dnu is given by
		A criterion for determining how finely a set of optics may be able to distinguish.
		It begins with the assumption that central ring of one image should fall on the first dark ring of the other; for an objective lens with diameter d and employing light with a wavelength lambda (usually taken to be 560 nm), the resolving power is approximately given by
	www.alcyone.com /max/physics/laws/r.html (528 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		The stability of the flow of superfluid helium II between two corotating cylinders is investigated.
		The result is compared with the corresponding classical flow of helium I. The validity of Rayleigh`s stability criterion and the relation between a superfluid and a classical inviscid fluid are discussed.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=83934 (144 words)

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