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Topic: Raymond II of Tripoli

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	Raymond II of Tripoli - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Raymond was present at the battle, and considered the Syrian Christians of Tripoli responsible for the treachery which led to his father's defeat and death.
		Raymond was a great-grandson of Raymond IV of Toulouse, one of the leaders of the First Crusade who had claimed the County of Tripoli before Tripoli had even been captured (thus Raymond II is numbered as if his great-grandfather was the first Count of Tripoli by that name).
		Raymond rode out with them for a short distance, and on his way back to Tripoli, he was killed by the Hashshashin at the gates to the city, along with two of his knights.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Raymond_II_of_Tripoli (753 words)

	Raymond IV of Toulouse -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Raymond's third wife was (Click link for more info and facts about Elvira) Elvira, the illegitimate daughter of King (Click link for more info and facts about Alfonso VI of Castile) Alfonso VI of Castile, the great Spanish king who also campaigned furiously against the Moors.
		Raymond was deeply religious, and wished to die in the Holy Land, and so when the call was raised for the (A Crusade from 1096 to 1099; captured Jerusalem and created a theocracy there) First Crusade, he was one of the first to take the cross.
		Raymond joining the minor and ultimately unsuccessful (Click link for more info and facts about crusade of 1101) crusade of 1101, which was defeated at (Click link for more info and facts about Heraclea) Heraclea in (A peninsula in southwestern Asia that forms the Asian part of Turkey) Anatolia.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ra/raymond_iv_of_toulouse1.htm (970 words)

	The Counts of Toulouse and the County of Tripoli
		Count Raymond III of Tripoli, who reigned from 1152 to 1187, was an important figure in the history of the Kingdom to the south, due to his close relationship to its Kings (his mother Hodierna was a daughter of Baldwin II of Jerusalem) and to his own position as Prince of Galilee through his wife.
		Raymond argued unsuccessfully in favour of peace with Saladin, but, ironically, it was Saladin's siege of Raymond's Countess in Tiberias that led the Crusader army into Galilee before its defeat at Hattin in 1187, and although Raymond survived the battle, he died soon afterwards.
		Bohemund VII of Tripoli (1275-1287) Lucia of Tripoli (1287-1289)
	www.languedoc-france.info /19020104_tripoli.htm (3298 words)

	Articles - Raymond III of Tripoli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Raymond also married Eschiva of Bures, Princess of Galilee and the widow of Walter of Tiberias, which allowed him to gain control over much of the northern part of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, especially the fortress at Tiberias on the Sea of Galilee.
		Raymond, in Tripoli at the time, attempted to march to Jerusalem with Bohemund III to intervene, but Baldwin IV thought (or was compelled to think by Agnes) that they were coming to overthrow him; to avoid a possible war, Raymond returned home without entering the kingdom.
		In 1183 Raymond and the Haute Cour succeeded in altering the succession, which would normally have passed to Sibylla and Guy once Baldwin IV died, so that it would pass instead to Sibylla and William's son Baldwin V. Baldwin V was even crowned co-king in 1183 in a ceremony presided by Raymond.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Raymond_III_of_Tripoli (1558 words)

	Krak des Chevaliers (English)
		According to the story, Raymond and Geoffrey de Bullion, leaders of the crusaders troops, left Antioch (Bohemond remained as a king of that city) and continued towards Jerusalem.
		In the 1109 county of Tripoli was in hands of the cousin of Raymond, Wilhelm-Jordan, count of Cerdagne, but in the spring of the same year it arrived from France the son of Raymond, Bertrand of Saint Gilles, than demanded the inheritance.
		After an initial division in which the zone to north of Tripoli was assigned to Wilhelm- Jordan (vassal of Tancred) and the south zone to Bertrand, this last one took the total area after the dead of Wilhelm-Jordan and became count of Tripoli with the name of Raymond II from 1109 to 1189.
	www.geocities.com /xtronxal/krak_e.htm (1998 words)

	Crusaders, Greeks, and Muslims by Sanderson Beck
		Tancred was reconciled with Baldwin II of Edessa, and the Toulouse inheritance was divided as Bertram pledged fealty to King Baldwin.
		Raymond II, the son of Pons, had married Melisend's sister Hodierna, and he took revenge by massacring men and enslaving women and children from the villages of Lebanon.
		Raymond II of Tripoli offered his daughter Melisend in marriage to Manuel, and both were crushed when the Emperor rejected her to marry Princess Maria of Antioch.
	www.san.beck.org /AB18-Crusaders.html (21728 words)

	Politics in the Latin Kingdom
		The Principality of Antioch was also in trouble, for its prince, Raymond, had been killed in an ambush in 1149 and King Baldwin III of Jerusalem had taken charge of the Principality as regent for Raymond's widow, Constance.
		While the regent, Raymond, was absent, Baldwin IV's sister, Sibylla, the wife of Guy de Lusignan, was proclaimed queen and, in short order, she crowned her husband as king.
		Raymond of Tripoli refused to recognize the new monarchs and he was joined in his opposition by Bohemund III, the Prince of Antioch, and a minority of the other long-standing members of the Latin nobility.
	www.ordotempli.org /politics_in_the_latin_kingdom.htm (9386 words)

	tripoli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Tripoli was the last city of conquest, taking almost six years of siege before it was finally brought under the Crusader banner.
		He was in Tripoli at the time that Raymond II was killed by a band of Assassins at the city gates.
		Raymond III was taken prisoner by Nur ad-Din in 1164, along with Bohemond III of Antioch and Joscelin III, titular Count of Edessa, at the battle of Artah.
	www.medievalcrusades.com /tripoli.htm (1123 words)

	Raymond II of Tripoli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Hospitallers were virtually independent in theCounty and were often responsible for the protection of Tripoli's borders, which were often raided by Damascus and the forces of Zengi of Aleppo and Mosul.
		Soon after they werereconciled, Raymond was murdered by Hashshashin and was succeeded by his son Raymond III.
		He was the first non- Muslim they had killed, partly in response to Raymond's establishment of the Hospitallers inthe County.
	www.therfcc.org /raymond-ii-of-tripoli-161341.html (192 words)

	List of assassinated persons - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Alexander II of Russia, (1881), Emperor of All the Russias.
		Raymond II of Tripoli, (1152), count of Tripoli.
		Philip II of Macedon, (336 BC), king of Macedon.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /l/li/list_of_assassinated_persons.html (2075 words)

	Encyclopedia: Raymond II of Tripoli
		Events March 4 - Frederick I Barbarossa is elected King of the Germans Eleanor of Aquitaine has her marriage to Louis VII annulled May 18 - Eleanor of Aquitaine marries Henry of Anjou Church of Ireland acknowledges Popes authority Almohad Dynasty conquers Algeria Establishment of the archbishopric of Nidaros (Trondheim), Norway...
		Armenian Cilicia and Crusader States The County of Tripoli was the last of the four major Crusader states in the Levant to be created.
		Baldwin of Bourcq (died August 21, 1131) was the second count of Edessa from 1100 to 1118, and the third king of Jerusalem from 1118 until his death.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Raymond-II-of-Tripoli (876 words)

	Raymond, count of Tripoli. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		c.1140–1187, count of Tripoli (1152–87), great-great-grandson of Raymond IV of Toulouse.
		Captured (1164) by the Muslims, he was released c.1173 and became (1174) regent for King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem.
		He gave up that post in 1176, but in 1183 was appointed regent for Baldwin V. Leading the baronial faction in the kingdom, Raymond opposed Guy of Lusignan, who became king at the death (1186) of Baldwin, and he even entered into an alliance with Saladin.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ra/Raymond.html (201 words)

	Raymond d\'Aguiliers Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		'''Raymond''' is the name of several counts of Toulouse during the Middle Ages best known for their suppression of the Cathars and the Albigensian Crusades
		'''Raymond''' is the name of two counts of Tripoli during the Middle Ages
		'''Raymond of Antioch''' also known as '''Raymond* of Poitiers''' (1099-June 27, 1149) was prince of Antioch between 1136 to 1149
	www.echostatic.com /Raymond_d'Aguiliers.html (194 words)

	Coins of the Crusader Principality of Tripoli
		Godfrey of Boullon, Raymond of Toulouse, Robert of Flanders, and Bohemond of Taronto
		Frederick II peacefully regained Jerusalem from the Ayyubids 1228 - 1229.
		Tripoli is captured by the Mamluks in 1289
	medievalcoins.ancients.info /Tripoli.htm (200 words)

	chronological 1100 - 1149
		Lothair (soon to be Lothair II of the Holy Roman Empire) is granted the duchy of Saxony by Henry V of the Holy Roman Empire.
		Count Raymond of Tripoli is killed, but Count Fulk is able to escape to the Crusader castle of Montferrand which Zengi had been besieging.
		A Crusading army under Raymond of Antioch is destroyed by Nur ad-Din Mahmud bin Zengi (son of Imad ad-Din Zengi, founder of the Zengid Dynasty) near the Fountain of Murad.
	www.allcrusades.com /CHRONOLOGICAL/chrono-1100-1149.html (4663 words)

	Genealogy - pafg2306 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Godescalc II De Morialmes [Parents] was born in 1070.
		Raymond II Di Tripoli [Parents] was born in 1115.
		Raymond III Di Tripoli was born in 1140.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~elessar5/pafg2306.htm (196 words)

	Women in power 1150-1200
		Joscelin II de Courtenay lost most of the territory to Nur ad-Din of Aleppo in 1146 and in 1150 he was taken prisoner during an attempt to reconqor the county, and Beatrice sold what was left of the area to the Byzantines.
		1152 Regent Dowager Countess Hodierna of Jerusalem of Tripoli
		Hodierna was married to Count Raymond II of Tripoli.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /womeninpower/Womeninpower1150.htm (6338 words)

	Malcolm Barber, "The Charitable and Medical Activities of the Hospitallers and Templars, Eleventh to Fifteenth ...
		It is indeed possible that Pope Urban II had seen the potential value of the Hospital as early as 1095 and that Daimbert of Pisa, papal legate and Patriarch of Jerusalem between 1099 and 1101, had begun to put this into practice.
		In Edessa, Count Joscelin II's grant to the hospital established at Turbessel in 1134 had stated that 'the poor and sick, widows and orphans' should be cherished and protected from want and poverty and molestation by the infidel.
		Yet both were, as Pope Innocent II said of the Templars, 'kindled by the flame of charity', and many thousands of crusaders and pilgrims and their relatives had cause to be grateful for their hospitality, protection, medical care, negotiating skills, and spiritual comfort.
	www.ecu.edu /history/whichard/MBarberCharitable.htm (7039 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		Nuradin was moving against Raymond, but when he learned of the city's peril, he returned and nearly trapped Joscelin.
		In 1148, Raymond of Antioch was able to surprise Nuradin at Famuja, between Antioch and Marash, forcing him to retreat.
		He caught Raymond, with his ally, the Assassin leader Abi ibn Wafa, at the Fountain of Murad.
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/crusade/islam.html (6267 words)

	Lebanon Heads of State
		Isabella was the eldest daughter of John II of Ibelin, Lord of Beirut and Alice de la Roche of Athens.
		Hodierna was married to Count Raymond II of Tripoli, the son and heir of Pons of Tripoli (c.1133), and became Countess of Tripoli (c.1143) following the death of her father-in-law.
		She was regent for her For son Boemond VI (1237-75), she was removed from the regency, but her son was weak and she contiued to be influential during his rain, and she managed to maintain the influence of her Roman favourites - much to the constenation of the Barons.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /Lebanon_Substates.htm (1080 words)

	SkyscraperCity Forums - Krak des Chevaliers/ Homs/ Syria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The castle is located east of Tripoli in the "Homs Gap," atop a 650-meter high cliff along the only route from Antioch to Beirut and the Mediterranean Sea.
		It was captured by Raymond IV of Toulouse early in 1099, during the First Crusade, but was abandoned when the Crusaders continued their march to Jerusalem.
		Raymond II, count of Tripoli, gave it to the Hospitallers in 1142.
	www.skyscrapercity.com /showthread.php?t=161678 (1049 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: William of Tyre: Deeds Done Beyond the Sea
		When they learned, however, that if the kingdom were not given to Raymond he would immediately return home, they were led by their desire for their native land to invent reasons to bold him unfitted, and they even went against the dictates of their consciences to do so.
		The count of Tripoli was only vaguely interested in events so far to the east, and in Jerusalem, King Fulk bad just died, leaving the government in the hands of Queen Melisende as regent for their thirteen year old son, Baldwin III.
		Welcomed by Prince Raymond of Antioch, the King and his retainers settled down to enjoy the friendly reception accorded them by their friends, who saw in King Louis' army the potential saviors of the Principality of Antioch and of all the Latin states.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/tyre-cde.html (16596 words)

	The Assassins: 4
		At this time Raymond's marriage was in a bad state: his wife Hodierna, sister of Queen Melisende, was headstrong and flighty, and Raymond, who was intensely jealous, tried to keep her shut up like a Muslim woman.
		Raymond III of Tripoli, son of that Raymond who had been murdered by the Assassins in 1152, became regent; he was able and determined but he could not unite the kingdom.
		Two parties arose, one composed of the native barons and the Hospitallers, who followed Raymond and who were prepared to reach a sensible accommodation with the Muslims, and the other, aggressively and militantly Christian, composed of the Templars and of newcomers from the West with little understanding of the situation in the East.
	ismaili.net /assasyria.html (8209 words)

	Medieval Scottish History
		Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, descendant of Charlemagne, is pictured in the Bayeux tapestry as one of a group of knights (including a son of Guy of Ponthieu, Hugh Giffard and Geoffrey de Montfort killing earl Harold Godwinson.
		Eleanor Plantagenet, daugther of Henry II, marries Alfonso VII of Castile.
		Melisende, eldest daughter of King Baldwin II (du Bourg) of Jerusalem and Edessa, becomes queen at his death and marries the Duke of Anjou.
	www.tartanplace.com /tartanhistory/tartanhisear2.html (1688 words)

	Raymond II de Trípoli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Raymond peleó a menudo con Hodierna, y se invitó a la hermana Melisende de Hodierna que mediara en 1152.
		Pronto después de que fueran reconciliados, a Hashshashin asesinó y fue tenido éxito a Raymond por su hijo Raymond III.
		English version: Raymond II of Tripoli Next: Partido comunista de Nepal Up
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/ra/Raymond%20II%20de%20Tr%EDpoli.htm (228 words)

	[No title]
		The German Emperor, Frederick II, headed a sixth in which, by diplomacy rather than arms, he temporarily regained Jerusalem.[11] For a time this treaty of peace deprived of their occupation the orders of religious knighthood still warring in the East.
		When Frederick II, at one time the most splendid monarch of Europe, died in 1250, a crushed and defeated man, Germany sank into such anarchy as it had not known since the days of the Hunnish invasion.
		The fourth king was Fulc, Count of Anjou and son-in-law of Baldwin II (1131-1144), and after him reigned his son, Baldwin III (1144-1162).
	www.gutenberg.org /files/14260/14260.txt (20387 words)

	List of assassinated people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hugh II of Le Puiset, (1134), count of Jaffa
		Philip II of Macedon, (336 BC), king of Macedon, by Pausanias in Pella
		Servius Tullius, (534 BC), Etruscan king of Rome, in Rome by Tarquin II
	www.lexington-fayette.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Assassinated (2822 words)

	The Age of Chivalry - Knights Hospitaller (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was also at this time that the Hospitallers became an autonomous religious institution free from the Benedictine monks of Santa Maria Latina and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and they took control of most other hospitals in the Crusader States.
		The Hospitallers probably became more military inclined when Gerard’s successor, Raymond du Puy, extended the Order’s charter to include the protection of its hospitals, the city of Jerusalem, as well as pilgrims on the route from sea to the holy city itself.
		The Turks wanted to extinguish the last Christian outpost in the east and as the Byzantine capital of Constantinople had fallen to them in 1453 there was no reason to believe that the little island of Rhodes would not suffer the same fate.
	www.taoc.co.uk /content/view/20/47 (2083 words)

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