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	Ramon V, Raimon V, Raymond V, Count of Toulouse.
		Raimon V, Raymond V) Raymond V was the son of Alphonse-Jordan.
		In 1154, Raymond married Constance of France, daughter of king Louis VI of France and widow of Eustace IV of Boulogne.
		Raymond V was implicated in the gathering Cathar crisis.
	www.languedoc-france.info /19020112_ramonv.htm (373 words)

	Tolouse Loutrec - Vita e Opere
		Anche Henri de Toulouse Lautrec (Albi, 1864 - Castello di Malromé, Gironda, 1901) partecipò a quel clima artistico parigino, che cercava in varie direzioni il superamento dell'impressionismo.
		Toulouse Lautrec nasce in una delle più nobili e antiche famiglie francesi.
		Nei suoi quadri e negli schizzi dal vero Toulouse Lautrec ritrae tutta la tristezza nascosta dietro i lustrini delle ballerine di can-can e dei costumi da circo, dietro i velluti e gli stucchi delle case d'appuntamento.
	www.lautrec.it (439 words)

	Albigenses
		Raymond VI, in face of the threatening military operations urged by Innocent against him, promised under oath to banish the dissidents from his dominions.
		Raymond VI, still under the ban of excommunication pronounced against him by Peter of Castelnau, now offered to submit, was reconciled with the Church, and took the field against his former friends.
		The territory was ultimately ceded almost entirely by both Amalric and Raymond VII to the King of France, while the Council of Toulouse (1229) entrusted the Inquisition, which soon passed into the hands of the Dominicans (1233), with the repression of Albigensianism.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/a/albigenses.html (2061 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Toulouse
		Toulouse, chief town of the Tectosagi, at the end of the second century B.C. tried to shake off the yoke of Rome during the invasion of the Cimbri, but at the beginning of the empire it was a prosperous Roman civitas with famous schools in which the three brothers of the Emperor Constantine were pupils.
		The marriage (1249) of Jeanne, daughter of Raymond VII, with Alphonse de Poitiers, brother of King Louise IX, led to the uniting in 1271 of the County of Toulouse to the Crown of France, and Toulouse became the capital of the Province of Languedoc.
		The University of Toulouse was founded in 1229, in consequence of a treaty between Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, and Blanche of Castile, regent of France; its object was to prevent by higher theological studies a recrudescence of Albigensianism.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14795b.htm (2430 words)

	Raymond VI
		Raymond, frightened into submission, expelled the heretics from his dominions, and on 18 June, 1209, in the presence of the pontifical legate, did public penance before the Church of St-Gilles.
		Returning to Toulouse, Raymond tried to elude his obligations and was excommunicated by the Council of Avignon.
		An exile in Aragon, Raymond VI reassembled his troops, and took Toulouse (7 November, 1217), later defending it successfully against Simon de Montfort, who was killed 25 June, 1218.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/r/raymond_vi.html (421 words)

	Raymond VII - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		RAYMOND VII [Raymond VII] 1197-1249, count of Toulouse; son of Count Raymond VI.
		Defeated by the French, Raymond VII agreed in 1229 to a treaty that virtually transferred the major part of S France to the French crown, partly through cession, partly through the proposed marriage of his daughter to Alphonse of Poitiers, a brother of King Louis IX of France.
		Raymond was permitted to keep much of his lands during his lifetime.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-raymond7.html (333 words)

	Raymond V of Toulouse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Raymond V (1134-1194) was count of Toulouse from 1148 until his death in 1194.
		In 1154, Raymond married Constance of France, daughter of king Louis VI of France and his second wife Adélaide de Maurienne.
		In 1176, Guilhem, the Bishop of Albi organized the council of Lombers, attended by both clerics and princes, including Raymond of Trencavel, Raymond V, and his wife Constance, and the representatives of the Cathars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Raymond_V_of_Toulouse (195 words)

	Troubadour - LoveToKnow 1911
		He afterwards proceeded to the court of Raymond V. at Toulouse, where he is said to have remained until the death of that prince in 1194, when he withdrew to a cloister at Dalou in Poitou.
		He settled at the courts of Toulouse and Beziers, where he sang, in mystical terms, his passion for the countess Adalasia, in whose affections he had a dangerous rival in the person of Alfonso II., king of Aragon.
		He was the inventor and the principal cultivator of the moral or ethical sirventes; and he was the author of singularly outspoken satires against the clergy, continuing the tradition of Marcabrun.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Troubadour (4331 words)

	GENEALAND - Query board - Forum de discussion - "Duclos de Bouillas (surname) Coat of Arms"
		He was the eldest son of Raymond IV of Toulouse, and had ruled Toulouse since Raymond left on the First Crusade in 1095.
		Raymond the V was Count from 1148, where he was 14 years old, until (I assume) he died, in 1194.
		Because Raymond IV died in 1105, we could assume the year 1106 to be a transcription error and mean anything from 1101 to 1105.
	www.genealand.com /htdocs/dcforum/DCForumID3/25.html (648 words)

	Zarathushtra, Mani, and the Cathars by Sanderson Beck
		Toulouse count Raymond VI agreed to persecute heretics and dismiss his mercenaries; but the Count was excommunicated by legate Pierre after refusing to drive out heretics in the name of peace.
		Raymond VII made peace at Meaux with the Pope and the French crown in 1229 by promising to enforce heresy laws.
		Toulouse and Carcassonne were relieved of the Inquisition in 1249, but it was restored with greater powers by Pope Alexander IV in 1255.
	www.san.beck.org /GPJ8-ManiandCathars.html (7228 words)

	Alphonse-Jordan, Count of Toulouse
		Alphonse I was the son of Count Raymond IV by his third wife, Elvira of Castile.
		Toulouse was taken from him by William IX, Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Poitiers, two years later in 1114.
		The claim of the now deceased Phillipa of Toulouse was pressed again by Louis VII, when he besieged Toulouse in 1141, claiming it by right of his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, the grandaughter of Phillipa, but without result.
	www.languedoc-france.info /19020111_alphj.htm (609 words)

	AllRefer.com - Raymond VI, count of Toulouse (French History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		In 1213 he and Peter were defeated at Muret, and Raymond went into exile in England.
		Although obliged to grant Toulouse and Montauban to Montfort and Provence to his own son, Raymond VI returned (1217) and fought with his son against Montfort and Montfort's son.
		By the time of his death, Raymond had recaptured almost all of his territory for his son.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/Raymond6.html (229 words)

	Mornas travel: Visit, Maps, Fortress, History, France - Provence Beyond
		The huge feudal fortress, with stone walls, towers, chateau and chapels was built on top of the cliffs in the 12th-century by the Earl of Toulouse, and was one of the largest in France.
		From the 10th century, the Earl of Toulouse owned Mornas, but was in constant conflict with the King of France and the Archbishop of Arles until the 13th-century.
		The Popes of Avignon took control of Mornas at the beginning of the 13th century, and Pope Gregory XI had the fortress restored to protect it from roaming vagrants who looted and devastated everything in their path.
	www.beyond.fr /villages/mornas.html (774 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Raymond VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In vain Raymond VII offered his obeisance to the assembly of Bourges in 1226; a new Crusade was decided upon.
		This success was of short duration; in 1228 new bands of crusaders began to plunder the country of Toulouse, and soon Raymond lost nearly all his strongholds.
		After the conference of Meaux, Raymond returned to Paris, and on 12 April, 1229, in the Church of Notre Dame, did public penance and was released from his excommunication.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12670b.htm (401 words)

	Provence: French feudal coins
		Raymond was the son of Raymond VI and Jeanne Plantagenet (daughter of Henry II Plantagenet).
		His paternal grandparents were Raymond V of Toulouse and Constance of France.
		Raymond VI triggered a crusade against Toulouse due to the assassination of a papal representative and his support of the cathar heresy.
	home.eckerd.edu /~oberhot/feud-provence.htm (844 words)

	TOULOUSE
		RAYMOND IV 1093-1105, BERTRAND 1105-1112, ALPHONSE I 1112-1148, ALPHONSE II 1148.
		RAYMOND PONS [923]-[944], RAYMOND III [944]-[972], RAYMOND IV [972]-[979]
		a) RAYMOND ([940/50]-killed "in Garazo" [972/79]). The Codex de Roda names "Regemundo…et domnus Ucus episcopus" as sons of "Regemundus" (son of "comitum Tolosaniensium Pontio" and his wife "filia Garcie sanzionis"), specifying that the younger Raymond was killed "in Garazo"
	fmg.ac /Projects/MedLands/TOULOUSE.htm (3583 words)

	Flanders, Brittany, Burgundy, Anjou, Normandy, Blois, Champagne, Toulouse, etc.
		Raymond was eager to appease the Pope, but when the Papal legate Castelnau was murdered in 1208, Raymond was blamed and sterner measures were considered necessary.
		The daughter of Raymond VII was married to a son, Alphonse, of King Louis VIII of France.
		Duke William V had three wives, and subsequent Dukes were descendants of William VIII, son of William V and Agnes of Burgundy.
	www.friesian.com /flanders.htm (10740 words)

	Orestes Brownson Society - St. Dominic and the Albigenses
		V.) and is particularly mentioned by St. Augustine and St. Leo.
		His son, Raymond VI., was in his early youth confided to tutors of the Manichsean sect, and he imbibed their principles.
		The Count of Toulouse and his followers were excommunicated anew, and all the places they occupied, and the cities that gave them refuge or protection, placed under interdict.
	www.orestesbrownson.com /index.php?id=225 (5442 words)

	Raymond - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Raymond is a name of Germanic origin, from the name Reginmund, composed of the elements ragin "advice" and mund "protector".
		Raymond II of Tripoli (c.1115–1152) was count of Tripoli from 1137 to 1152.
		Raymond III of Tripoli (c.1142–1187) was Count of Tripoli from 1152 to 1187
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Raymond (327 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Raymond IV
		Raymond accepted, leaving his army, which in his absence pillaged the country, and was attacked by the imperial troops.
		At Constantinople Raymond refused to swear allegiance to Alexius, as most of the crusading chiefs had done.
		After his rupture with Bohemond, Raymond directed the great bulk of the crusaders against Jerusalem, and was actively engaged in the capture of the Holy City (8 July, 1099).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12669c.htm (408 words)

	Register Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		On 1 Feb 1167/68 when Mitilda/Maud was 10, she married Henry V the Lion Duke of Saxony & Bavaria, 6C25R, M, son of Henry IV Brunswick Duke of Brawnsweig, M (abt 1100-20 Oct 1139) & Gertrude of Saxony, F (18 Apr 1115-18 Apr 1143), in Minden Cathedral, Saxony, Germany.
		In Oct 1196 when Joan was 31, she first married Raymond VI Count of Toulouse, 3C27R, M, son of Raymond V Count of Toulouse, M (-1194) & Constance Capet of Toulouse, F (abt 1128-16 Aug 1176).
		Raymond VI Count of died on 2 Aug 1222, he was 65.
	members.fortunecity.com /weaverjay/rr01/rr01_288.htm (2266 words)

	My Lines - Person Page 121
		Raymond VI, comte de Toulouse was born on 27 October 1156.
		He was the son of comte de Toulouse Raymond V de Toulouse and Constance de France.
		And when Raymond of Toulouse, lay leader of the crusade, declined to become king of Jerusalem, Godfrey accepted the crown but refused the title of king and was called instead Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri (Defender of the Holy Sepulchre).
	homepages.rootsweb.com /~cousin/html/p121.htm (8608 words)

	AskWhy! on Heresy and the Inquisition 2 - Christianity Revealed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Raymond V of Toulouse (1148-94) passed a law which punished Cathari and their favourers with death.
		Raymond VI offered a peace in 1211, so Innocent stopped the crusade after two years of almost unparalleled butchery, but then yielded to the greed of de Monfort and the crusaders and the fanaticism of the monks and reopened it, prolonging the massacres for another 18 years.
		Raymond of Toulouse, to spare his people, submitted before the crusade began, although the pope expressly told his legates to “deceive him and pass to the extirpation of the other heretics”.
	www.askwhy.co.uk /christianheresy/0811Inquisition.html (8092 words)

	Principaux acteurs de la croisade contre les Albigeois
		Fils de Raymond IV de Toulouse, né en Terre sainte en 1103 et baptisé dans le Jourdain (d'où son surnom), devint comte de Toulouse après le départ de son frère aîné, Bertrand, pour la Terre sainte.
		Raymond VI obtint la levée de l'excommunication qui le frappait et prit la croix contre ses propres sujets.
		Raymond VII se résigna à signer le traité de Paris en 1229, par lequel il cédait les anciennes vicomtés Trencavel au roi de France et accordait Jeanne, sa fille et unique héritière, à Alphonse de Poitiers, frère de Saint Louis.
	cathares.org /acteurs.html?http://cire.henri.free.fr/.../raymond7.html (4318 words)

	Europe's 12th-Century Development by Sanderson Beck
		When Heinrich V refused to discontinue his prerogative of controlling the election of bishops and abbots, investing them as vassals, the imperial conflict with the papacy raged again.
		In 1110 Heinrich V secured an important political alliance by being betrothed to eight-year-old Matilda, daughter of England's king Henry I. The German king received the enormous dowry of 10,000 silver marks, which enabled him to march his German army to Italy and establish his imperial power there.
		Heinrich V died of cancer at the age of 44 in 1125.
	www.san.beck.org /AB20-Europe12thCentury.html (23248 words)

	Alphonse of Toulouse
		Alphonse, Count of Toulouse and of Poitiers (1220-1271), the son of Louis VIII, king of France, and brother of St Louis, was born on November 11 1220.
		He joined the county of Toulouse to his appanage of Poitou and Auvergne, on the death, in September 1249, of Raymond VII, whose daughter Jeanne he had married in 1237.
		He took the cross with his brother, St Louis, in 1248 and in 1270.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/al/Alphonse_of_Toulouse.html (233 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Albigensian crusades
		The term Albigensian Crusade, introduced later, is abusive the center core of catharism was Toulouse.
		They had temples though, but they were plundered and destroyed, the closest ones I think about architecture are in Bulgaria, because the bogomils can be considered as the first cathars and their temples are still standing in Bulgaria (see the Rila Monastery).
		The Visigothic kings of Toulouse were arianists opposed to the catholic Franks of Paris.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=920&PN=4 (2090 words)

	Banks/Dean Genealogy - Person Page 93
		She married Duke Alan IV of Brittany "Fergant", son of Duke Hoël V of Brittany and Hawisa of Brittany (?), in 1086.
		She married second Raymond VI de Toulouse, son of Raymond V of Toulouse and Constance (?), in October 1196.
		He married second Sanchia Berenger, daughter of Raymond V Berenger and Beatrice of Savoy, on 23 November 1243 at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England.
	www.gordonbanks.com /gordon/family/2nd_Site/geb-p/p93.htm (3620 words)

	Raymond, count of Tripoli — FactMonster.com
		Raymond, c.1140–1187, count of Tripoli (1152–87), great-great-grandson of Raymond IV of Toulouse.
		Raymond died at Tyre soon after the battle.
		Raymond III of Tripolis and the Fall of Jerusalem
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0841244.html (153 words)

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