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Topic: Reactive armour

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Explosive reactive armour

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	Reactive armour - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reactive armor is a type of vehicle armor that reacts in some way to the impact of a weapon to reduce the damage done to the vehicle being protected.
		Reactive armor can be defeated with multiple hits in the same place, as by tandem-charge weapons, which fire two or more shaped charges in rapid succession.
		An element of explosive reactive armor consists of a sheet or slab of high explosive sandwiched between two plates, typically metal, called the reactive or dynamic elements.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reactive_armour (821 words)

	Reactive armour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Reactive armour has found great favor in former Soviet Union since the 1980s and most every in eastern military inventory today has either manufactured to use reactive armour or had armour tiles added to it even the old T55 and T62 tanks from forty fifty years ago used today by reserve
		ERA tiles are used as add-on armour the most vulnerable portions of an armoured or tank typically the front of the hull the front and sides of the turret.
		Reactive armour can be defeated with multiple in the same place which is employed tandem-charge weapons which use two shaped charge explosions in rapid succession.
	www.freeglossary.com /Reactive_armor (792 words)

	Modern Reactive Armour Applications
		Reactive armor utilize add-on protection modules conforming of thin metal plates and a sloped explosive sheath, which explode when sensing an impact of an explosive charge (such as High Explosive Anti-Tank - HEAT projectile).
		The early models of reactive armor were considered effective against all types of chemical energy projectiles, primarily ATGMs and HEAT rounds but they did not have redundancy and offered limited protection against multiple attacks.
		Other applications of reactive armor are based on the use of reactive properties of the protection module, yet the initiation of such reactions are not triggered by an explosive charge.
	www.defense-update.com /features/du-1-04/reactive-armor.htm (645 words)

	Air Power Analysis: AGM-114 Hellfire
		Rather than defeating armour with sheer blunt force, the shaped-charge warhead concentrates all of its energy into a tight focal point roughly the size of a human fist.
		When a shaped charge warhead comes into contact with this armour the missile's explosion sets off the block of plastique, which in turn propels the outer metal plate towards the warhead, the resulting kinetic energy dissipating the effectiveness of the shaped-charge.
		By the time the primary shaped-charge warhead detonates, the energy of the reactive plate has been dissipated while the plate itself is fractured and weakened.
	www.jolly-rogers.com /airpower/agm-114/structure.html (986 words)

	Army Guide
		The armour protection of the BM Oplot, which includes advanced multi-layer armour and built-in third generation explosive reactive armour package for the turret and chassis, provides to the BM Oplot a high level of battlefield survivability.
		The explosive reactive armour is so efficient against the chemical energy attack that sometimes the tank can be hit by an enemy HEAT projectile without the crew being aware of the damage until much later.
		The explosive reactive armour system is of a modular design so that it can be easily replaced or upgraded allowing new explosive reactive armour developments to be incorporated in the future when this becomes available.
	www.army-guide.com /eng/product.php?prodID=1 (3913 words)

	Anti-tank firepower
		The development in armour protection that has taken place in recent years and especially during the 90s has raised serious questions about the effectiveness of many existing anti-tank guns and anti-tank guided weapons.
		Vulnerable to interference and with penetration capability that has difficulty keeping up with developments in armour protection is symptomatic of a weakness that calls for a remedy.
		But with the introduction of supplementary armour, explosive reactive armour (ERA), inert reactive armour (IRA), multi-layer armour and other forms of special armour, it has become doubtful whether man-portable, medium- range, anti-tank weapons have the capacity to penetrate the protecting armour with enough residual (behind armour) effect.
	www.global-defence.com /2000/pages/antitnk.html (1249 words)

	Chobham armour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chobham armour is a composite armour developed at the British tank research on Chobham Common.
		When the armour is hit by HEAT round the ceramic layer shatters under impact point forming a dust under high When the HEAT round "burns through" the layers of armour and reaches the ceramic dust comes flying back out the hole the jet of metal.
		Chobham armour is used on the Challenger II and (though the composition most probably the M1 Abrams series of tanks.
	www.freeglossary.com /Chobham_armour (718 words)

	OFPN: T-80
		The BK-29 round, with a hard penetrator in the nose is designed for use against reactive armour, and as an MP round has fragmentation effects.
		Fitted with explosive reactive armour [ERA] the T-80 is virtually immune over its frontal arc to penetration from all current NATO ATGMs which rely on a HEAT warhead to penetrate armour.
		Explosive reactive armour is also fitted to the forward part of the turret roof to provide protection against top attack weapons.
	www.3dactionplanet.com /flashpoint/t80.html (1291 words)

	Army Technology - Kornet E - Anti-Armour Missile
		It is designed to destroy tanks, including those fitted with explosive reactive armour (ERA), fortifications, entrenched troops as well as small-scale targets.
		Armour penetration for the HEAT warhead is stated to be 1,200mm.
		The Kornet anti-tank guided weapon system is mounted on a cross-country, armoured chassis based on the BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicle which entered production in the late 1980s and is in service with the Russian Army.
	www.army-technology.com /projects/kornet (561 words)

	[No title]
		Explosive reactive armour has been added to the glacis plate and nose of the vehicle.
		The driver is seated in the centre and has a single-piece hatch cover that lifts and swings to the right and in front of this are three periscopes, the centre one of which can be replaced by a passive periscope for driving at night.
		The turret is in the centre and is of all welded steel armour construction to which a layer of composite armour has been added over the frontal arc.
	www.pakdef.info /pakmilitary/army/tanks/alkhalid_new.html (1277 words)

	T 80U
		The system is intended to engage tanks fitted with ERA (Explosive Reactive Armour) as well as low-flying air targets such as helicopters, at a range of up to 5 km.
		The tank is protected by a combination of explosive reactive armour (ERA) at the front and gill type armour panels elsewhere.
		It has a new all-welded cast steel turret with ERA (explosive reactive armour) on the hull front and turret, an automatic loading system and relocation of the ammunition to the turret bustle for improved survivability.
	www.defencejournal.com /apr99/t-80u.htm (813 words)

	KMDB - Protection of modernized T-72 main battle tanks
		In order to increase the protection level, the T-72AG is fitted with additional armour modules for the front hull and turret, explosive reactive armour for the hull and turret, and protective side skirts fitted with explosive reactive armour in the forward part of the hull.
		The explosive reactive armour elements do not detonate when hit by 30mm automatic gun projectiles or exposed to effects of the incendiary mixtures of Napalm type or volumetric explosions.
		Explosive reactive armour is installed on the front and side parts of the turret as well as on the turret roof
	www.morozov.com.ua /eng/body/t72m2.php?menu=m1.php (948 words)

	[W£]Voltage’s Heavy Mech Specialist Training
		Be sure you know what could lie ahead and use reactive armour when you are almost certain your up against ballistics and can stay out of the way of energy and missile weapons.
		None the less on the mad cat and other mechs also you will notice the maximum amount of armour that can be allocated on the center torso and other areas is less than if you had of chose Reactive or Reflective.
		Knowing what armour is suited for what scenario will help you greatly but when you learn to pilot and equip your mech to suit the type of armour you have is when you as a free£ancer will get the most out of your mechs armour.
	balder.prohosting.com /beem2001/wl/lessonm2.html (770 words)

	Armor RE:K-1 ERA StrategyPage.com
		This is particularly true with early reactive armour vs. HEAT rounds, though also K5 could manage relatively fine results of some one third of then used western 120mm rounds (with us tests rounds were A2) penetrating power diminished.
		Like said before, reactive armour as such is however much too unexpected in it's performance in order to be added to basic protection as of some RHA value.
		As the HEAT was then the desirable AT-projectile, reactive armour add-on gave soviets pretty good starting point to take on long range NATO tank gun fire with very acceptable losses and then take advantage of the closer range firefight and overwhelming quantity.
	www.strategypage.com /messageboards/messages/2-9603.asp (411 words)

	T-62 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It also experimentally had the world's first electro-hydraulic autoloader for the main gun, though over the next few decades it became clear that the slow, malfunction-prone autoloader was on balance more of a curse than a blessing when not properly maintained, as is quite common in most of the armies in which it is fielded.
		It is due to this fact that many observers joke that when the Russians build tanks, they make them with the instrument panels and gauges already labeled in both Russian and Hebrew.
		It is licensed under the GNU free documentation license.
	www.yotor.org /wiki/en/t6/T62.htm (632 words)

	Electric reactive armour for tanks - Above Top Secret Conspiracy Community
		First there would be a mat of optical fibres, then a thin sheet of standard armour plating, and underneath that would lie a series of metal coils.
		When an anti-tank shell explodes on standard armour, the copper cone of its head is projected as a powerful jet of metal that travels at five miles a second.
		A massive electromagnetic field would be created inside the armour, as the high-velocity copper jet begins to pass through it.
	www.abovetopsecret.com /forum/thread141798/pg (1768 words)

	[No title]
		The tank is fitted with a 125 mrn D-81 smoothbore gun, a 7.62 mm co-axial machine gun and a 12.7 mm air defence machine gun mounted on the commander's cupola.
		The system is intended to engage tanks fitted with ERA (Explosive Reactive Armour) as well as low-flying air targets.
		The hull and turret are protected by armour plating, including combined armour arrays over the frontal arc.
	homepage.eircom.net /~militaryx/newsite/website/tanks/6.htm (803 words)

	Hazell: Numerical Simulations of an Explosive Reactive Armour Plate Impacting a Lightweight Armoured Vehicle's Hull
		Hazell: Numerical Simulations of an Explosive Reactive Armour Plate Impacting a Lightweight Armoured Vehicle's Hull
		rear plate from an explosive reactive armour impacting lightweight armoured
		Register for the free to receive a list of papers for each issue as it is released.
	www.argospress.com /jbt/Volume5/5-3-1.htm (206 words)

	★ RPG/RPO \| Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces
		The weapon is intended to engage hostile tanks, including those outfitted with explosive reactive armour, and other armoured vehicles.
		It is also used to suppress fire weapons and manpower in buildings and hardened bricks or concrete structures, as well as in log-and-earth shelters.
		The RPG-7V1 Rocket Launcher is a portable shoulder-fired anti-tank weapon intended to engage hostile tanks, armoured combat vehicles and suppress fire weapons and manpower in open terrain, sheltered in trenches, urban and rural buildings made from bricks and reinforced concrete, in log-and-earth fire emplacement.
	warfare.ru /?catid=278&linkid=1845 (610 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Additional details of the Khalid, the first prototype of which was completed in June 1991 and which is also referred to as the MBT-2000 or P-90, are given under Pakistan.
		Early in 1997, additional information on the Type 90-II MBT was released by NORINCO and at the same time it was revealed that it was now being offered fitted with explosive reactive armour to its hull and turret for improved battlefield survivability.
		The overall layout of the Type 90-II MBT is conventional with the driver's compartment at the front, fighting compartment in the centre and power pack at the rear.
	www.ciar.org /ttk/mbt/pakistan.alkhalid.stats-and-timeline.html (1584 words)

	WW2MM Heavy Metal-Andrew Johnson M60A1 with Reactive Armour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		To improve the protection of their M60A1s the Marine Corps had decided to adopt the reactive armour plates as used by the Israeli M60 tank force.
		The reactive armour plates are designed to explode on contact with a projectile, and specifically dispel the shaped heat charge of such weapons as the deadly Russian RPG.
		The texture of the armour and fittings are essentially quite good.
	heavymetal.ww2mm.com /AJm60a1/ajm60a1.htm (405 words)

	Modern Explosive Reactive Armours
		The first impetus to develop 'energetic' armours began in the 1960s after the expensive glass and ceramic armours proved defficient.
		Essentially, the tip of a HEAT jet is the most efficient part of the jet, and it allows the rest of the jet to efficiently pile into the hole it generated and force the armour material out of its path.
		This induces rotation in the plates as well as separation, and as a result the armour is effective against HEAT jets at a wider variety of angles.
	armor.kiev.ua /fofanov/Tanks/EQP/era.html (2314 words)

	DND 101 - Land Forces - [Anti-Armour Weapons - Rocket Launchers] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Anti-tank weapons jumped from the light 37mm guns issued to infantry units in 1939 to the 75mm-100mm high velocity artillery of 1945.
		But, characteristics like these actually complement hollow-charge warheads which must be detonated at a precise distance from the armour plate.
		Modern add-on applique and ceramic armours are also designed to thwart hollow-charge warheads.
	www.sfu.ca /casr/101-aar.htm (449 words)

	T-64
		T-64A - Increased armour, NBC protection, smoke grenade launchers, improved optical rangefinder, 125mm gun replaces 115mm gun.
		T-64B - Composite armour in front of hull and front of turret.
		T-64BV - Explosive reactive armour tiles added to front of hull and front of turret, capability to use AT-11 "Svir" anti-tank missile.
	encycl.opentopia.com /term/T-64 (534 words)

	Reactive armour for self-defence - Vanguard News Network Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A new armor has been developed in the UK that will aid a lot of folks, from skateboarders to soldiers, and provides reactive self-defense to the wearer.
		A few years ago I heard about lexgard, a plastic laminate that could stop bullets(the LAPD even shot a piece of it with a submachine gun and not a single bullet made it through), but I never saw it developed into body armour, mainly because it is not very flexible.
		A guy who was in Ulster with me, was shot, and he said it was like being hit with an hammer.
	www.vnnforum.com /showthread.php?t=8705 (1471 words)

	Key Publishing Ltd Aviation Forums - M1A2 upgraded for MOUT
		The rest of it is all being looked at and there may be some decisions in the future or there may be a request out of theatre.
		Keating noted that the ARAT armour requirement had just been approved and that the contractor does not yet have a schedule for when the reactive armour will go into production.
		One solution for that is ERA (Explosive Reactive Armor.) Invented by the Israelis in the 1970s, ERA consists of special explosives packaged between layers of sheet metal.
	forum.keypublishing.co.uk /showthread.php?t=39276 (1427 words)

	General Dynamics Awarded $14 Million for MMC Reactive Armour for Bradley Fighting Vehicles
		The reactive armour package made from metal matrix composites is designed specifically for the U.S. Army Bradley Fighting Vehicle.
		The system is made up of "tiles" that fasten to the exterior of the vehicles.
		Equipped with the General Dynamics reactive armour, the Bradley is better able to withstand a direct hit from a variety of anti-armour munitions, including shoulder-fired rocket propelled grenades, which are prevalent in many of today's regional conflicts.
	www.netcomposites.com /news.asp?2952 (289 words)

	:: Boletín de Noticias Defensa.com :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kontakt-5 is a Russian type of third-generation explosive reactive armour.
		This will force an incoming KE-penetrator or shaped charge jet to cut through more armour than the thickness of the plating itself, since "new" plating is constantly fed into the penetrating body.
		This will significantly reduce the penetrating capabilities of the penetrator, since the penetrating force will be dissipated over a larger volume of armour.
	www.defensa.org /modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&p=169353 (3335 words)

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