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Topic: Reagan Doctrine

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	Ronald Reagan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reagan's clear voice, easy-going manner, and athletic physique made him popular with audiences; the majority of his screen roles were as the leading man in B movies.
		Reagan's supporters justified the speech by the fact that it was consistent with his overall philosophy of government and that the fair was an important political event in a traditionally Democratic-voting state that Reagan went on to carry by less than 13,000 votes in the general election.
		Reagan's landslide win in the 1984 presidential election is often attributed by political commentators to be a result of his conversion of the "Reagan Democrats," the traditionally Democratic voters who voted for Reagan in that election.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ronald_Reagan (9711 words)

	Reagan Doctrine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Reagan Doctrine was an important Cold War strategy by the United States to oppose the influence of the Soviet Union by backing anti-communist guerrillas against the perceived communist governments of Soviet-backed client states.
		It was created partially in response to the Brezhnev Doctrine and was a centerpiece of American foreign policy from the mid-1980s until the end of the Cold War in 1991.
		One advantage of the Reagan doctrine was the relatively low cost of supporting guerilla forces compared to the Soviet Union's expenses in propping up client states.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reagan_Doctrine (480 words)

	Reagan Doctrine Third World Rollback
		Because rollback of the USSR itself was not immediately feasible, the Reagan Doctrine came to mean the rollback of the outposts of the Soviet Empire in the Third World as a first step toward global rollback.
		The Reagan administration increased the covert supply of arms to the resistance in Afghanistan, a policy begun in the Carter administration.' In December 1982, the ClA informed Congress that the Nicaraguan commandos, called counterrevolutionaries or "contras" by the Sandinistas, had grown to 4,000 men.
		SOF affords the Reagan Doctrine a distinct advantage over the ClA's covert operations; the Pentagon is not required to report details of the SOF's activities to Congress, and therefore can be used in clandestine activities to avoid Congressional oversight.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Ronald_Reagan/ReaganDoctrine_TWRollback.html (5362 words)

	"The Reagan Doctrine"
		Reagan was not a suicidal politician; thus he had not made contra aid the centerpiece of his 1984 election bid.
		The "Reagan Doctrine," as it was dubbed by columnist Charles Krauthammer in 1985, was a sweeping application of American political philosophy and morality to the conduct of international affairs.
		Reagan officials believed the main weakness of the contras was their lack of "legitimate" leadership, which in American terms meant moderately progressive, anti-Somoza, bourgeois politicians or business leaders.
	eightiesclub.tripod.com /id130.htm (3091 words)

	Reagan Doctrine
		The “Reagan Doctrine” was used to characterize the Reagan administration’s (1981-1988) policy of supporting anti-Communist insurgents wherever they might be.
		Breaking with the doctrine of “Containment," established during the Truman administration—President Ronald Reagan’s foreign policy was based on John Foster Dulles’ “Roll-Back” strategy from the 1950s in which the United States would actively push back the influence of the Soviet Union.
		Reagan’s policy differed, however, in the sense that he relied primarily on the overt support of those fighting Soviet dominance.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ho/time/dr/17741.htm (460 words)

	Lee Edwards Excerpt - Chapter 13 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As applied in these four countries, the Reagan Doctrine was the most cost effective of all the Cold War doctrines, costing the United States only an estimated half a billion dollars a year and yet forcing the cash-strapped Soviets to spend several times that amount to deflect the impact.
		Reagan's Cold War strategy was later spelled out by Ed Meese, who, if not a member of the president's foreign policy inner circle, was in the immediate outer circle because of his White House position and his long association with the president.
		Reagan had long favored an alternative to the policy of Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD), under which the United States and the Soviet Union each retained the nuclear capability to retaliate and destroy its opponent in the event of a nuclear attack.
	www.heritage.org /Research/reagan_edwards13.cfm (9005 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: The Bush Doctrine by Jamie Glazov
		Both in fact and theory the doctrine has perplexed its critics because the roll-call of targeted autocrats — Noriega, Milosevic, the Taliban, and Saddam Hussein — are fascistic and belie the old Cold War exegesis that America intervenes cynically and solely to subvert leftist regimes or to prop up rightist authoritarians.
		One reason that Reagan and Moynihan foresaw the end of the Soviet Union better than most is that they paid attention to the fact that the people of the USSR and Eastern Europe had essentially stopped believing in communism.
		Vague, expansive doctrines have their place when their ambiguity not only keeps one's adversaries on their toes, but also gives American policy makers room to contest the meaning of those doctrines in ways that enhance the practical effectiveness of the doctrine.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=3652 (5669 words)

	National Review: A Reagan doctrine? - U.S. relations with Central America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Nixon Doctrine foundered in Vietnam, the Brezhnev Doctrine is in the process of foundering in Afghanistan, and the Reagan Doctrine is as dead as the Contra movement.
		In Afghanistan, the Reagan Doctrine worked-because there was bipartisan support for backing the freedom fighters and because the vulnerability of the Soviet aggressor force to the Stinger missile proved the critical military datum.
		Reagan was not able to muster a standing majority in Congress, and public opinion was slow, fitful, and ambiguous.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1282/is_n1_v41/ai_6975788 (337 words)

	Fairness Doctrine
		The policy of the United States Federal Communications Commission that became known as the "Fairness Doctrine" is an attempt to ensure that all coverage of controversial issues by a broadcast station be balanced and fair.
		This doctrine grew out of concern that because of the large number of applications for radio station being submitted and the limited number of frequencies available, broadcasters should make sure they did not use their stations simply as advocates with a singular perspective.
		FCC, the courts declared that the doctrine was not mandated by Congress and the FCC did not have to continue to enforce it.
	www.museum.tv /archives/etv/F/htmlF/fairnessdoct/fairnessdoct.htm (1140 words)

	The Ronald Reagan and the Soviet Union Homepage - Reagan Doctrine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ronald Reagan inherited this complex, but as already stated, laid the foundation for a renewed sense of confidence in the military and the American public.
		The Reagan Doctrine was implemented as an alternative to containment which had been a failure, and to rebut the Brezhnev doctrine; the Sovietization of the third world had to be reversed.
		The Reagan Doctrine can lay claim to having had limited success; when applied against Afghanistan, it was successful - it sent the Soviet Union “a warning” and, once again, indicated a willingness to back the hard-lined rhetoric with action.
	www.reagan.dk /newreadoc.htm (307 words)

	Reagan doctrine - SourceWatch
		The Reagan Doctrine was championed by the conservative Heritage Foundation and its foreign policy analysts, along with others on the right sympathetic and influential with the Reagan administration.
		The Reagan administration "tended to view every regional conflict through a Cold War lens" and were particularly intent on preventing a "Communist takeover" in the Western Hemisphere.
		Reagan Doctrine (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/dr/17741.htm), U.S. Department of State: "The Reagan Doctrine was used to characterize the Reagan administration's (1981-1988) policy of supporting anti-Communist insurgents wherever they might be.
	www.sourcewatch.org /wiki.phtml?title=Reagan_doctrine (1283 words)

	The Bush Doctrine: Hunt Down Terror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The "Reagan Doctrine” was the title the media (first by Charles Krauthammer in the May 1, 1985 issue of Time Magazine) bestowed upon a strategy adopted by the Reagan White House to assault and destroy the entire structure of Soviet colonial imperialism.
		Prior to the Reagan Doctrine, the strategy of the United States toward the Soviet Union was that of containment, developed by George Kennan.
		The goal of the Reagan Doctrine’s architects (of which I was one) was clear: to rid the world of Soviet imperialism.
	www.newsmax.com /archives/articles/2001/9/16/144851.shtml (1492 words)

	Remembering Reagan from the Beltway \| csmonitor.com
		And then there was the Reagan Doctrine, first enunciated in a speech to the British House of Commons that I covered in 1982 and then in the State of the Union message in 1985.
		But President Reagan held, as he expressed it in his State of the Union message, that "we must not break faith with those who are risking their lives...
		In pursuit of the Reagan Doctrine, the US in 1983 invaded the Caribbean island of Grenada, where an airport runway was being built that could handle Cuban jet fighters.
	www.csmonitor.com /2004/0611/p09s01-cods.htm (329 words)

	The Reagan Doctrine by Isaac Asimov
		Some time ago, Ronald Reagan pointed out that one couldn't trust the Soviet government because the Soviets didn't believe in God or in an afterlife and therefore had no reason to behave honorably, but would be willing to lie and cheat and do all sorts of wicked things to aid their cause.
		Let me begin by presenting this "Reagan Doctrine" (using the term with all possible respect): "No one who disbelieves in God and in an afterlife can possibly be trusted." If this is true (and it must be if the president says so), then people are just naturally dishonest and crooked and downright rotten.
		By the Reagan Doctrine, there is no such thing as a person who keeps his word just because he has a sense of honor.
	www.skeptictank.org /isaac.htm (1667 words)

	Reagan Doctrine: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The brezhnev doctrine was a soviet policy doctrine, introduced by leonid brezhnev in a speech at the fifth congress of the polish united workers party on november...
		The doctrine was supported strongly by foreign policy analysts at the influential, EHandler: no quick summary.
		The heritage foundation, a conservative think tank located in washington, d.c., is considered one of the worlds most influential public policy research...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/re/reagan_doctrine.htm (1089 words)

	Lawrence W. Reed on Grenada on National Review Online
		It was the opening shot of the Reagan Doctrine, a policy that contributed mightily to the demise of the Soviet empire.
		Reagan biographer Dinesh D'Souza writes that "for the first time since the Vietnam War, the United States had committed ground troops abroad, sustained casualties, emerged victorious, and won the support of the American people." The invasion "helped to exorcise the ghost of Vietnam from the American psyche."
		Reagan, already seen behind the Iron Curtain as a hero for the cause of liberation, had employed decisive action to back up his tough words.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/reed200310240950.asp (1037 words)

	The Reagan Doctrine: Sources of American Conduct in the Cold War's Last Chapter by Mark P. Lagon [ISBN: 027594798X] - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Doctrines have been a prevalent form of foreign policy in U.S. history.
		This study seeks to explain their origins by examining the Reagan Doctrine, pledging aid to anticommunist guerillas in the Third World.
		Based on original research and interviews with numerous individuals in the Reagan administration, the author applies two alternative explanations: "realist" theory, focusing on the international level of analysis, and "elite beliefs" theory, focusing on individual political leaders and their beliefs.
	www.gettextbooks.com /isbn_027594798X.html (133 words)

	The Claremont Institute: Democracy and the Bush Doctrine
		After all, the Reagan Doctrine had not only indicted Soviet Communism as an evil empire but had endeavored to subvert its hold on the satellite countries and, eventually, on its own people.
		Although the Reagan Administration's CIA and other agencies had worked to build civil society and to support democratic opposition groups in Eastern Europe, Central America, and other strategic regions, these efforts were directed mostly to helping "captive nations" escape their captivity.
		The worry is that in tracing the individual right to be free to ordinary human compassion or fellow-feeling, and then confounding that right with an entitlement to live in a fully democratic regime, Bush promises or demands too much and risks a terrible deflation of the democratic idealism he has encouraged.
	claremont.org /writings/crb/winter2004/kesler.html (3885 words)

	The Reagan Doctrine: Third World Rollback by Thomas Bodenheimer and Robert Gould 1989
		The Reagan Doctrine affirms that Third World rollback is justified as the American contribution to a world-wide democratic revolution; but in fact, the major groups supported by the Reagan Doctrine are anything but democratic.
		The right wing was unable to pressure the Reagan administration into pursuing comprehensive Third World rollback on every possible front because such a policy is not realistic.
		In Nicaragua, the covert rollback activities were unearthed, and such CIA actions as the mining of the harbors became embarrassments.
	www.doublestandards.org /gould1.html (5437 words)

	IFRL Daily News - Bush Asked to Continue 'Reagan Doctrine'
		There are some who want the Bush administration to uphold that heritage by reiterating what has become known as the Reagan Doctrine on the personhood of the preborn.
		This doctrine was spelled out by President Reagan on January 14, 1988, when he declared the -- "unalienable personhood of every American from the moment of conception until natural death." He also proclaimed that the U.S. Constitution and our nation's laws would be "faithfully executed for the protection of America's unborn children."
		"Ronald Reagan was, of course, very solidly pro-life, and I think it would behoove President Bush to stress to the nation -- especially at such a crucial time as this -- that he shares those solid pro-life convictions," Mattes said.
	www.ifrl.org /IFRLDailyNews/040621/3 (305 words)

	In Southern Africa, The State Department Bets Against the Reagan Doctrine
		The reason for this violation of the Reagan Doctrine apparently is that the State Department believes, without offering any evidence, that Chissano and his FRELIMO regime can be "weaned away" from Moscow.
		Reagan Doctrine, Herita e Foun f ation Buckgrounder No. 470, November 15, 1985; Pascoe, U.S. Aid Pays Dividends for Ango k as Freedom Fighters, Heritage Foundation Buckgrounder Update No. 36, -3 men, with almost 100 tanks, forced their way from Cuito Cuanavale to the outskirts of Mavinga.
		Reagan is saidcto have agreed; January 1 1988, was set as the deadline for action by,FREL;IMO beyond that date, Reagan was to take a lack of movement toward- negotiations withsRENAMO..as evidence-of FRELIMO's bad faith.ls So far FRELIMO has not moved toward negotiations.
	www.heritage.org /Research/Africa/bg633.cfm (2962 words)

	U.S. Newswire : Releases : "President Reagan, Reagan Doctrine Memorialized in Congress..." (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Congressional events seek to honor former President Ronald Reagan and discuss the historic legacy of the Reagan Doctrine in helping to bring about the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of Soviet-backed Communist regimes in Europe, Asia and the Third World (from 2:30 p.m.
		Hmong and Laotian veterans and their refugee families, including members of the Lao Veterans of America, are also slated to host a vigil outside the Richmond, Calif., office of U.S. Rep. George Miller (D-Calif.) at the same time on Thursday.
		They plan to honor President Reagan and to memorialize the Hmong and Laotian victims recently killed and starved to death by the Pathet Lao regime in Laos, which Congressman Miller has visited and has voted to support.
	releases.usnewswire.com /GetRelease.asp?id=117-06102004 (396 words)

	Books at Duke University Press
		Conceived early in the Reagan presidency as a means to win the Cold War, this policy was later singled out by Reagan and several of his advisors as one of the administration’s most significant efforts in the the Cold War’s final phase.
		Using a comparative case study method, Scott examines the historical, intellectual, and ideological origins of the Reagan Doctrine as it was applied to Afghanistan, Angola, Cambodia, Nicaragua, Mozambique, and Ethiopia.
		In evaluating the origins and consequences of the Reagan Doctrine, Deciding to Intervene synthesizes the lessons that can be learned from the Reagan administration’s policy and places them within the broad perspective of foreign policy-making today.
	www.dukeupress.edu /books.php3?isbn=8223-1789-3 (327 words)

	NewsMax.com: America's News Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Based on this, he developed the strategy for dismantling the Soviet Empire adopted by the White House known as the “Reagan Doctrine.” It worked.
		Wheeler has been called the “real Indiana Jones” by the Wall St. Journal, the “creator of the Reagan Doctrine” by the Washington Post, and an “ideological gangster” by the Soviet press.
		He has traveled to over 180 countries and all seven continents, leads 2 to 3 expeditions a year, and is a consultant to a number of international corporations on geopolitics strategy.
	www.newsmax.com /pundits/bios/Wheeler-bio.shtml (322 words)

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