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Topic: Recency effect

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	Recency effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The recency effect, in psychology, is a cognitive bias that results from disproportionate salience of recent stimuli or observations.
		The inverse of this effect is the primacy effect.
		The recency effect is compatible with the peak-end rule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Recency_effect (118 words)

	Untitled Document
		Their studies show the possibility of a thoroughly general recency principle, with the strength of recency being maximal for a long delay between first and second communication coupled with immediate measurement after the second communication, the strength of recency being minimal when the two presentations are contiguous and the testing delayed.
		The primacy and recency effects on attitudes are not to be explained in terms of a primacy or recency effects upon learning or memory.
		The primacy and recency effects obtained on a serial position curve (which is typically U-shaped because of first and last items being better recalled) as a result of a free-recall experiment are different than the "Primacy-recency in persuasion" that we are discussing here.
	www.ciadvertising.org /student_account/fall_01/adv382j/mgautam/minx_paper/primacy.html (984 words)

	Recency Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The recency effect is found when the results of a free recall task are plotted in the form of a serial position curve.
		The recency effect appears to be the result of subjects recalling items directly from the maintenance rehearsal loop used to keep items in primary memory.
		The recency effect was important to cognitive science because it provided empirical evidence for the decomposition of memory into an organized set of subsystems, which is required by functional analysis.
	penta.ufrgs.br /edu/telelab/3/recency_.htm (194 words)

	Midterm 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		They received 0.5 marks unless they explicitly stated that the recency effect disappears only in the 'changing distractor' condition as it's the difference between this condition and the 'unchanging distractor' condition that allowed such a claim to be made.
		According to this view, the recency effect in serial recall is eliminated by the presentation of an irrelevant item because that item enters the PAS and, to the extent that the irrelevant item is acoustically similar, interferes with information about the last digit.
		This effect seemed to support the view that the mechanism of forgetting in short-term memory is decay while that from long-term memory was widely agreed to be interference.
	www.psychology.mcmaster.ca /3vv3/mt1_00.htm (1664 words)

	order-effect theory
		In other words, when there is a considerable interval between the presentation of the first and second sides, a recency effect should tend to occur, while an interval between the presentation of the second side and the ultimate measure of persuasive impact should tend to produce a primacy effect.
		A point that sometimes is overlooked, however, is that the effect of primacy or recency extends several pages into the magazine from either end, and some pages in those locations, although they do not have the higher rate, nevertheless get some additional attention value from their location.
		The effects that may be linked to order are clearly not dramatic in nature, but when communicators are attempting to convince an audience, it could well be that the source with the best organization will be the most effective.
	www.ciadvertising.org /studies/student/97_fall/theory/order/index~1.htm (2667 words)

	APS 15th Annual Convention Program Book :: Submission Detail
		However, in some extreme cases a primacy effect was observed in the simulation results, raising the possibility that the primacy effect observed in Dennis and Ahn's human data may have been the result of a unique set of learning rate parameters interacting with the particular learning sequence used.
		Furthermore, the primacy effect observed by Dennis and Ahn conflicts with a recency effect demonstrated by LÃ³pez, Shanks, Almaraz, and FernÃ¡ndez (1998).
		That is, a recency effect was predicted from the parameter estimates, although a primacy effect was observed.
	www.psychologicalscience.org /cfs/program/view_submission.cfm?Abstract_ID=3761 (611 words)

	The study that is to be investigated is derived from the cognitive area of psychology. A major area of this approach ...
		The study that is to be investigated is derived from the cognitive area of psychology.
		Coursework and Essays: Uncategorised: The study that is to be investigated is derived from the cognitive area of psychology.
		However, a slight difference between the hypothesis and results is a higher recall in the recency effect than predicted (33%), which if followed the hypothesis would've been close to its mid-list value (11%).
	www.coursework.info /i/71882.html (976 words)

	Exponential Decay of Episodic Traces in Short Term Recognition Memory
		Further work revealed this effect to be a function of the amount of intervening time, not of the number of intervening items.
		This effect was manifested in a procedure that involved a Sternberg-like task utilizing memory sets of 18 items followed by 5 recognition probes.
		In another experiment we demonstrated that the effect and its decay are fundamentally a function of the time since the probed item was last seen and only fortuitously a function of the number of intervening items.
	webpages.shepherd.edu /LDAILY/post.html (1466 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: Luno, Dasen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mechanisms related to the recency effect were explored using individual difference and correlational approaches.
		Confirmatory analyses and analyses on response patterns indicated a dichotomy of the recency portion and pre-recency portion of memory processing in the probe memory task.
		Covariances between variables in both free recall tasks suggested that the long-term recency portion was less related to standard recency variables than to the pre-recency part of performances.
	rave.ohiolink.edu /etdc/view?acc_num=case1056646937 (187 words)

	The Role of Primacy and Recency Effect on Serial Position Curve
		A better recall at the beginning is an example of the primacy effect whereas a better recall at the end is an example of the recency effect.
		The aim of the second test to reduce the recency effect by giving the participants a distracter task at the end of the presentation of words was achieved.
		As shown in the results the primacy effect was greatly reduced but there was little or no change to the recency effect as recall remained high.
	golum.riv.csu.edu.au /~aleona04/psy101_research_report.htm (1870 words)

	Serial101
		The third part was an attempt to reduce the Primacy effect, but have less influence on the Recency effect.
		In this experiment practice effects were reduced through different words and lists and the question of whether the problem of interference would encounter but this was minimal in short term memory.
		The findings show that in Part 3 the intervening task had an effect on the primacy effect and there was an increase of the recency effect compared to the other parts.
	golum.riv.csu.edu.au /~dsteph07/Serial101.html (861 words)

	Order Effects: Primacy\|Recency
		This research was generally accepted by the field until 1950, when Cromwell published findings of a recency effect in persuasive arguments that were considered statistically reliable (Cromwell 105-122).
		In 1977, Crano decided to outline a study to further the previous conclusions on the nature of order effects, which were said to be unambiguous and opposed in their predictions.
		Crano discovered that an almost opposite effect of the expected effect occurred; with the change of meaning hypothesis and inconsistency discounting a supposed primacy effect would have occurred.
	www.ciadvertising.org /sa/spring_04/adv382j/christine/primacy.html (684 words)

	Serial Position Answers
		The serial position effect is termed that because it results when a list of items to be remembered is presented serially, or one at a time.
		I understand this rule through the primacy and recency effects where people remember the first words because there is more time to rehearse them and then that people also remember the last words because they are so recent.
		The idea is that the most important factor for determining the recency effect (and by association, recall) is not simply how long it has been since you encountered an item (encoded an experience), but where that item/memory occurred in time relative to other, similar memories that you are trying to retrieve.
	community.middlebury.edu /~jarndt/classes/py430/answers/Week1Questions.htm (2860 words)

	newcarscanada.ca - Recency effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The recency effect has most effect in repeated persuasion messages...
		The researcher has demonstrated a primacy effect if the element placed first in the message has the greatest effect.
		It is a recency effect if the element...
	www.newcarscanada.ca /Recency-effect/reference/fullview/wikipedia/706267 (136 words)

	Context and Reasoning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This may be in deference to this effect.
		Existence of primacy and recency effects depended on delays in the process.
		As in most cases of the halo effect, the physical attractiveness stereotype is based on bad reasoning.
	www.ou.edu /ouphil/faculty/chris/context.html (1672 words)

	cars.ca - Recency Effect in Psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The primacy effect, in psychology, is a cognit...
		The recency effect, in psychology, is a cognitive bias that results from disproportionate...
		The primacy effect, in psychology, is a cognitive bias that results from disproportionate salience of...
	www.cars.ca /Recency-Effect-in-Psychology/reference/search (162 words)

	MGMT 363 - Employee Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Recency effect: something that happened just before the appraisal unduly influences the rater’s judgment so that the ratings reflect that incident and not the totality of performance during the appraisal period
		Halo effect (pitchfork) effect: the rater’s judgment is influenced by the exceptionally good (poor) performance on a particular dimension so that ratings on all the other dimensions are too high (low)
		Primacy effect: something that happened early in the appraisal period influences the rater’s perceptions of the ratee throughout the period and the ratings are biased by this
	www.uwosh.edu /faculty_staff/rau/perfappl.htm (1012 words)

	Recency Effect
		The recency effect has most effect in repeated persuasion messages when there is a delay between the messages.
		Miller and Campbell recorded proceedings from a trial with a combination of sequences of arguments for and against the plaintiff, sometimes with delays of a week between parts and the judgment that they sought from experimental participants.
		When there was a delay between the first and second message, but no gap between the second message and the judgment, then a recency effect occurred.
	changingminds.org /explanations/theories/recency_effect.htm (201 words)

	MSN Encarta - Memory (psychology)
		This phenomenon is called the serial position effect because the chance of recalling an item is related to its position in the series.
		The results from one such experiment are shown in the accompanying chart entitled “Serial Position Effect.” In this experiment, recall was tested either immediately after presentation of the list items or after 30 seconds.
		When the recall test is delayed for 30 seconds, however, the information in working memory fades, and the recency effect disappears.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761578303/Memory_(psychology).html (1565 words)

	Anterograde Amnesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		For the delayed recency effect test, the participants were presented with three lists of 10 five-letter anagrams on a computer screen, and they were given a maximum of thirty seconds to discover the real word in each anagram.
		For the immediate recency effect test, 30 five-letter words were presented to each subject in three lists of ten words each.
		From the immediate recall test, the experimenters found that the numbers of words recalled through the primacy effect and mid-list were parallel but through the recency effect both groups overlapped significantly.
	www.haverford.edu /psych/courses/p217/web/amnesia/journal.html (477 words)

	1998 PSYC-112 Howlers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		An experiment which tests this deals with changing the size of the primacy and recency effects (the ability to remember items at the beginnings and ends of long lists better than those in the middle).
		Primacy affects are stored in the long term memory, and recency effects are stored in the short term memory.
		A person could decrease the recency effect by remembering sentences like "it was a nice day and the boy drove his bike into the wall".
	psy.otago.ac.nz /r_oshea/howlers_2000_100.html (500 words)

	Investigate into the Primacy and Recency effect
		In addition the investigation was looking for a difference in the recency effect from the two conditions.
		From the results found it can clearly be seen that there is less of a recency effect in the experiment when using an interference task.
		The total number of the last five words remembered in the condition with the interference task was 157 compared to a larger 216 in the condition without an interference task thus supporting Glanzer and Cunitz research.
	www.coursework.info /i/13122.html (686 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Especially the recency effect has been understood as a short-term memory, which has been assumed that the words shown at last is easy to recall (Atkinson and Shiffrin 1968; Lofrus and Loftus 1976).
		The later studies suggested that the recency effect is relatively retained in Alzheimer’s Disease.
		The mild case showed relatively high primary effect and increased the recency effect at the end.
	sulcus.berkeley.edu /mcb/165_001/papers/manuscripts/_900.html (2751 words)

	THA improves the recency effect in Alzheimer's disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		We investigated the effects of a single administration of tetrahydroaminoacridine (25 and 50 mg, orally), a cholinesterase inhibitor, on memory function in Alzheimer's disease patients.
		The recall of memory items from the end of the word list (recency effect) was improved in a subgroup of Alzheimer's disease patients (responders 10 out of 28) by tetrahydroaminoacridine 50 mg.
		These results suggest that acute tetrahydroaminoacridine treatment may stimulate the recency effect, and that a severe dysfunction of hippocampus and prefrontal regions blocks this effect of tetrahydroaminoacridine on short-term memory performance.
	www.uku.fi /neuro/ab9803.htm (460 words)

	Measuring Managing Visitor Customer Retention Part 5
		Recency found its way into the psychological literature in many ways, because it simply kept popping up on the radar screen.
		In fact, customers can be ranked by their Recency (number of days or weeks since the last transaction); this ranking in effect sorts all your customers by their likelihood to transact with you.
		Those in the top 20% of the Recency ranking are far more likely to transact with you than those in the bottom 20% of the Recency ranking.
	www.webpronews.com /ebusiness/ebusinesstactics/wpn-8-20041215MeasuringManagingVisitorCustomerRetentionPart5.html (1403 words)

	Chapter 7: Persuasion
		Sleeper effect: A delayed impact of a message; occurs when we remember the message but forget the reason for discounting it.
		Recency effect: Information presented last sometimes has the most influence.
		Recency effects are less common than primacy effects.
	otel.uis.edu /yoder/myers7_ho.htm (188 words)

	Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Watkins, M. J., Neath, I., and Sechler, E. Recency effect in recall of a word list when an immediate memory task is performed after each presentation.
		Knoedler, A. J., Hellwig, K. A., and Neath, I. The shift from recency to primacy with increasing delay.
		Neath, I. and Surprenant, A. The word-length effect and articulatory suppression.
	memory.psych.purdue.edu /pubs.shtml (1017 words)

	Lab Activity 2: The Reading Process: Before Reading
		This effect occurs because no information related to the task at hand is already stored in short-term storage; at the moment a person begins a new task, attention to new stimuli is at its peak.
		The recency effect is thus thought to be related to short-term storage.
		The primacy effect is associated with long-term memory.
	wps.ablongman.com /long_henry_er_1/0,7989,1832626-,00.html (1112 words)

	B.Sc. project suggestions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is believed that the reason for the primacy effect is that the items first in the sequence is rehearsed more (for each new item received we seem to rehearse the entire sequence from the beginning, leading to more rehearsal of the first items).
		It is also believed that the reason for the recency effect is that the items were received more recently.
		Inspired with the recency effect shown by Recursive Auto-associative Memories we believe that if the first items in the sequence gets rehearsed more often in the same way as humans do, we will get both the primacy and recency effects just as in the human short-term memory.
	www.ida.his.se /~andreas/PROJECTS/Projectsuggestions.html (484 words)

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