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Topic: Receptor

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	Receptor (biochemistry) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In biochemistry, a receptor is a protein on the cell membrane or within the cytoplasm or cell nucleus that binds to a specific molecule (a ligand), such as a neurotransmitter, hormone, or other substance, and initiates the cellular response to the ligand.
		Often, it is hard to determine whether the receptor is nonfunctional or the hormone is produced at decreased level; this gives rise to the "pseudo-hypo-" group of endocrine disorders, where there appears to be a decreased hormonal level while in fact it is the receptor that is not responding sufficiently to the hormone.
		Many hormone receptors and neurotransmitter receptors are transmembrane proteins: transmembrane receptors are embedded in the lipid bilayer of cell membranes, that allow the activation of signal transduction pathways in response to the activation by the binding molecule, or ligand.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry) (378 words)

	Receptor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In physiology, a sensory receptor is any structure which, on receiving environmental stimuli, produces an informative nerve impulse.
		In biochemistry, a receptor is a protein molecule that receives and responds to a specific neurotransmitter, hormone, or other substance.
		In immunology, a receptor is the region of an antibody which shows recognition of an antigen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Receptor (119 words)

	Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
		Receptor mediated endocytosis is a process by which cells internalize molecules or viruses.
		Receptors are moving in the plane of the membrane as long as the temperature is 37 C. In the presentation on Membrane fluidity, we talked about photobleaching with a laser beam.
		There we showed that, after they are bound, Membrane Receptors move laterally in the plane and groups of receptor-ligand complexes may actually coalesce in a patch and eventually in a cap.
	www.cytochemistry.net /Cell-biology/recend.htm (1978 words)

	Receptor Workbook
		Examples of agonist action are drugs that bind to beta receptors in the heart and increase the force of myocardial contraction or drugs that bind to alpha receptors on blood vessels to increase blood pressure.
		The synthesis of new receptor protein may be required to generate a receptor free of an irreversible blocker.
		In the resting state the receptor is not occupied by an agonist and the G-protein exists as trimer of the alpha, beta and gamma subunits with GDP bound to the alpha subunit.
	www.mc.uky.edu /pharmacology/instruction/pha824mp/PHA824mp.html (4044 words)

	Muse Research :: Receptor Overview
		Receptor is a 2U rack-mountable multi-timbral sound and effects module that runs standard VST instruments and effects.
		Receptor's intuitive, mixer-like architecture combines up to 16 different audio sources, which can be either internal VSTi instruments or external analog/digital inputs.
		In all, Receptor provides architectural support for as many as 16 simultaneous VSTi instruments and 57 VST effects, while further offering the ability to process external inputs using its front-panel high-Z input, its rear-panel balanced analog inputs, or its S/PDIF digital input.
	www.museresearch.com /receptor_overview.php (696 words)

	The Oxytocin Receptor System: Structure, Function, and Regulation -- Gimpl and Fahrenholz 81 (2): 629 -- Physiological ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The structure of the OT gene was elucidated in 1984 (270), and the sequence of the OT receptor was reported in 1992 (299).
		The glutamine and lysine residues highly conserved within the vasopressin/OT receptor family may partly define an agonist-binding pocket that is common to all the different subtypes of this receptor family (42, 398).
		upregulation of OT receptors in the nonpregnant estrogen-primed
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/81/2/629 (10087 words)

	MLNR - Motilin receptor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Recently, it was shown that the motilin gene and the motilin receptor are expressed in various regions of the brain.
		Although the motilin receptor appears to be functionally present beyond 32 wk of gestation, as assessed by in indirect pharmacologic challenge, hormonal modulation of migrating activity in the neonate by plasma motilin and pancreatic polypeptide is absent.
		This may not only lead to the further characterization of motilin receptor subtypes and aid the development of safe and selective motilin receptor agonists and antagonists, useful for the treatment of GI disorders, but may also give a new dimension to the role of motilin in human physiology.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gg/88786.html (832 words)

	Genome Biology \| Full text \| The human olfactory receptor repertoire
		The strategy of our sequence database mining for full-length, functional candidate odorant receptor genes was based on the high overall sequence similarity and presence of a number of conserved sequence motifs in all known mammalian odorant receptors as well as the absence of introns in their coding sequences.
		Each receptor recognizes multiple odorants, and each odorant binds to multiple receptors to generate specific activation patterns for each of a vast number of distinct smells [10].
		Yet another typical feature of many of these receptors is the presence of multiple serine and threonine residues in their carboxyl termini and IC3 that serve as phosphorylation sites for G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) as well as protein kinases C (PKC) and A (PKA), a mechanism involved in agonist-dependent desensitization of the receptors.
	www.genomebiology.com /2001/2/6/research/0018 (6420 words)

	Chen, Qijun - Activation and regulation of the alpha-factor receptor. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The alpha-factor pheromone receptor activates a G protein signaling cascade that stimulates yeast conjugation.
		The receptor C terminus acts as a regulatory domain that promotes adaptation to alpha-factor.
		Mutation of four serine and threonines in the distal C terminus to alanine decreased receptor phosphorylation in vivo and caused about 2.5-fold higher pheromone sensitivity.
	www.yeastgenome.org /yeast96/f2326.html (238 words)

	International Union of Pharmacology. XXXV. The Glucagon Receptor Family -- Mayo et al. 55 (1): 167 -- Pharmacological ...
		The endogenous agonist for the secretin receptor is the linear 27-residue polypeptide, secretin (Fig.
		The human secretin receptor is predicted to be 440 amino acids in length, having a 21-residue signal peptide that is cleaved
		A 1.6-kilobase fragment of the mouse GLP-2 receptor
	pharmrev.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/55/1/167 (7016 words)

	RBLX > Receptor BioLogix
		Receptor BioLogix, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of a newly discovered class of protein therapeutics called Intron Fusion Proteins™ (IFP™) to treat cancer, autoimmune, metabolic and other diseases.
		The company’s lead clinical product, Dimercept™, is a naturally occurring receptor modulator that blocks activation of the entire EGF family of cell receptors commonly over-expressed or otherwise activated in many cancers and predictive of a more aggressive disease state.
		Over-expressed in a virulent form of breast cancer, the well-known HER-2 receptor is a member of this family.
	www.receptorbiologix.com (91 words)

	Receptor definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		There is a receptor for (insulin; there is a receptor for low-density lipoproteins (LDL); etc. To take an example, the receptor for substance P, a molecule that acts as a messenger for the sensation of pain, is a unique harbor on the cell surface where substance P docks.
		Some hormone receptors are implicated in diseases such as diabetes and certain types of cancer.
		A receptor called PXR appears to jump-start the body's response to unfamiliar chemicals and may be involved in drug-drug interactions.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5236 (343 words)

	Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
		When patients with an ACE inhibitor cough were randomized to an angiotensin receptor blocker, a thiazide, or an ACE inhibitor, the cough resolved in 81%, 80% and 19%, of patients respectively.
		There is suggestive evidence that angiotensin receptor blockers may not be as good at lowering blood pressure as ACE inhibitors.
		Renal response to the angiotensin II receptor subtype 1 antagonist irbesartan versus enalapril in hypertensive patients.
	www.ti.ubc.ca /pages/letter28.htm (1890 words)

	Age-related changes in cardiac adenosine receptor expression.
		In this study we determined the effect of age on cardiac adenosine receptor expression using the housekeeping gene 18S rRNA versus the adenosine A(2B) receptor gene as internal controls.
		Subsequently, relative analysis of the adenosine receptor subtypes using 18S rRNA found a significant age-related reduction in the expression of the adenosine A(1) receptor (5.5-fold), with no changes in the expression of the adenosine A(2A), A(2B) and A(3) receptors.
		When using the expression of the adenosine A(2B) receptor as the internal control gene, a significant down regulation of both the adenosine A(1) (5.4-fold) and A(2A) (2.2-fold) receptors with no change in the expression of adenosine A(3) receptor was found.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_15013665.html (241 words)

	A Brief Introduction to the Brain:Neurotransmitters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Neurotransmitters act on receptors, which are transmembrane proteins that have an extracellular site that binds the neurotransmitter and suffers some conformational change.
		If the receptor happens to be an ion channel, it is said to be a direct gating receptor, and binding the neurotransmitter will either cause it to open or close.
		There is a second type of receptor which is coupled to intracellular second messenger cascades, but eventually some part of the cascade will affect an ion channel, and thus its membrane potential.
	ifcsun1.ifisiol.unam.mx /Brain/trnsmt.htm (489 words)

	HHMI News: Stitching Together a Receptor Reveals Plant Hormone Action
		The researchers created the chimeric receptor by joining one segment of a steroid hormone receptor from the plant Arabidopsis with another receptor segment from rice.
		To investigate brassinolide's role in BRI1 triggering, the researchers stitched the segment of the BRI1 receptor that normally sticks outside the plant cell, to the internal segment of the XA21 receptor that signals the rice cell to mount a response to infection.
		When they inserted the chimeric receptor into rice cells and then treated the rice cells with brassinolide, the cells reacted as if they were being infected by Xoo.
	www.hhmi.org /news/chory2.html (807 words)

	ECCO Receptor - powered by Receptor Technology
		Receptor technology incorporates three fingers that cross over the two possible push-off axes of that shoe.
		Along these axes, Receptor has two built-in Flex Channels for easier flexion of the sole.
		The placement of each 'finger' is based on the biomechanics of the foot's natural geometry while encountering ascending, descending and horizontal surfaces.
	www.ecco-receptor.com (161 words)

	Bioreagents.com: Androgen Receptor
		Steroid receptors are ligand-dependent intracellular proteins that stimulate transcription of specific genes by binding to specific DNA sequences following activation by the appropriate hormone.
		Androgen receptors (AR) have been found in a variety of tissues, including reproductive organs, central nervous system and skeletal muscle.
		The corresponding gene for the androgen receptor is NR3C4.
	www.bioreagents.com /index.cfm/fuseaction/products.detail/Product/PA1-110 (192 words)

	Drugs - Receptor
		In most cases a rather specific chemical structure is required for the receptor site and a complementary drug structure.
		After attachment to a receptor site, a drug may either initiate a response or prevent a response from occurring.
		The agonist is a very close mimic and "fits" with the receptor site and is thus able to initiate a response.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/660drugreceptor.html (424 words)

	InterPro: IPR002231 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		G-protein-coupled receptors, GPCRs, constitute a vast protein family that encompasses a wide range of functions (including various autocrine, paracrine and endocrine processes).
		Although their activating ligands vary widely in structure and character, the amino acid sequences of the receptors are very similar and are believed to adopt a common structural framework comprising 7 transmembrane (TM) helices [ 2, 3, 4 ].
		Numerous receptor subtypes have been classified according to their antagonist susceptibilities and their affinities for 5HT.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR002231 (2960 words)

	Identification of Non-functional Human VNO Receptor Genes Provides Evidence for Vestigiality of the Human VNO -- ...
		cDNA sequences homologous to mouse VNO receptor genes.
		VNO receptor gene sequences, all of which appear to be pseudogenes.
		receptor gene sequences, all of which appear to be pseudogenes.
	chemse.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/26/9/1167 (3067 words)

	Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
		During phagocytosis, cells may simply internalize particles or cells, like bacteria (cell eating).
		Receptors are brought to the plasma membrane by vesicles from the trans region of the Golgi complex.
		Role of adaptin in the transport of the receptor-ligand complex
	cellbio.utmb.edu /cellbio/recend.htm (1989 words)

	Receptor-Receptor Interactions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		We are interested in questions regarding the molecular mechanisms by which signal transduction and modulation occurs in the brain.
		While much is known about certain brain receptor systems including G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR's), ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels, and hormone receptors, the interaction(s) of these systems with one another is still largely a mystery.
		These interactions may be mediated by the extracellular divergent loop region of which a modeled structure is shown in the figure to the left.
	www.ksu.edu /chem/faculty/Baures/Interactions.html~ (550 words)

	The Nuclear Receptor Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Nuclear Receptor Resource (NRR) Project is a collection of individual databases on members of the steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily.
		For a general overview of nuclear receptors, the drug industry and the NRR see Jeanne McAdara's article in The Scientist.
		Vitamin D Receptor - Comprehensive resource dealing with the structure and function of the protein that mediates the gene-regulatory effects of the vitamin D hormone
	biochem1.basic-sci.georgetown.edu /nrr/NRR1.html (347 words)

	Trophic factors
		All neurotrophins are capable of binding to p75 receptor
		Binding to Trk receptors is preferentially by mature neurotrophins
		Mutations lead to constitutive (ligand independent) activation of the receptor.
	www.neuro.wustl.edu /neuromuscular/lab/trophic.htm (597 words)

	InterPro: IPR001320 Ionotropic glutamate receptor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The ability of synapses to modify their synaptic strength in response to activity is a fundamental property of the nervous system and may be an essential component of learning and memory.
		There are three classes of ionotropic glutamate receptor, namely NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate), AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-4-propionic acid) and kainate receptors.
		At many synapses in the brain, transient activation of NMDA receptors leads to a persistent modification in the strength of synaptic transmission mediated by AMPA receptors and kainate receptors can act as the induction trigger for long-term changes in synaptic transmission [ 1 ].
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR001320 (2733 words)

	LICR-Brussels Signal Transduction Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Colamonici, O.R., Porterfield, B., Domanski, P., Constantinescu, S.N., and Pfeffer, L.M. Complementation of the interferon a response in resistant cells by expression of the cloned subunit of the interferon a receptor: A central role of this subunit in IFN-a signaling.
		and Pfeffer, L.M. Role of the IFN-a/b receptor chain 1 in structure and transmembrane signaling of the IFN a/b receptor complex.
		Basu, L., Yang, C.H., Murti, A., Garcia- Martinez, V., Croze, E., Constantinescu, S.N., Mullersman, J.E., and Pfeffer, L.M. The antiviral action of interferon is potentiated by removal of the conserved IRTAM domain of the IFNAR1 chain of the interferon a/b receptor: Effects on STAT activation and receptor down-regulation.
	www.bru.licr.org /stg/stefan.html (820 words)

	Muse Research :: Receptor - Hardware VST Plug-in Player
		Receptor is a 2U rack- mountable multi-timbral sound and effects module that runs standard VST instruments and effects.
		Muse Research announcements from the AES Convention in New York, 7th-10th October, Booth# 1256.
		Receptor supports standard Windows compatible VST instrument and effect plug-ins.
	www.museresearch.com /?http://www.museresearch.com/receptor_overview.php (124 words)

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