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Topic: Reciprocity (Canadian politics)

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	Man who hated politics becomes prime minister - "On This Day" - CBC Archives
		The previous two — Sir John A. Macdonald (1867 to 1873, and 1878 to 1891) and Alexander Mackenzie (1873 to 1878) — were both born in Scotland.
		(See the clip Canada's first political scandal in the topic Scandals, Boondoggles and White Elephants.) Abbott was legal advisor to Allan, but was also an MP at the time.
		The incriminating documents, confirming the corruption, were stolen from Abbott's office and given to the Liberals.
	archives.cbc.ca /IDC-1-73-2374-13944-10/on_this_day/politics_economy/twt (611 words)

	Canada - MSN Encarta
		They left their homes to escape poverty and political strife, and were attracted to Canada by promises of free land made to them by Canadian recruiters.
		Canadian soldiers achieved notable victories, particularly at Vimy Ridge in the spring of 1917.
		Meanwhile the Canadian Corps, commanded by Canadian general Arthur Currie, helped spearhead the final advances of Britain and its allies before an armistice ended the war in November 1918.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563379_26/Canada.html (2016 words)

	Encyclopedia Brunoniana \| Marcy, William L.
		In the War of 1812 he was a lieutenant in a military company which in October 1812 captured a company of Canadian militia at St. Regis.
		It was necessary for him to move to Niagara County for the celebrated trial of the alleged slayers of one William Morgan, who had made enemies by threatening to expose Masonic secrets.
		Marcy negotiated the Canadian reciprocity treaty in 1854, sought the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands, promoted the abolition of the Danish Sound dues, urged the free navigation of international streams, and favored the annexation of Cuba if this could be accomplished without war.
	www.brown.edu /Administration/News_Bureau/Databases/Encyclopedia/search.php?serial=M0120 (645 words)

	Reciprocity with the United States of America: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage
		The issue of "free trade" or reciprocity was first debated during the early 1850s, when it was proposed that Newfoundland should become party to a reciprocity treaty being negotiated between the British North American colonies and the U.S. The treaty was signed in 1854, and Newfoundland signed on the following year.
		The Canadian government was outraged at this development, and lodged a strong protest with the British government.
		Their position was strengthened by a court decision that Newfoundland could not refuse bait to Canadian fishermen, the only lever which the colony had at its disposal, and by the knowledge that in the last analysis, the British government would support Canada over the reciprocity issue.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /law/reciprocity.html (1170 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for reciprocity
		Reciprocity implies that these concessions are neither intended nor expected to be generalized to other countries with which the contracting parties have commercial treaties.
		Turnabout is fair play: why a reciprocity requirement should be included in the America Law Institute's proposed federal statute.
		No change in reciprocity deal this year; The tuition arrangement between Minnesota and Wisconsin will be in place for the next school year, but discussions continue as the U presses for change.(NEWS)
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=reciprocity (800 words)

	Leap In The Dark: Politics Archives
		Canadian provinces are allowed to set their own educational standards, and Quebec has had control over it's own immigration policies since Canada came into being, if not earlier.
		Political events, war, terrorism, intergovernmental relationships, and all the other matters of importance which affect policy, economics, and the perceived balance of power in the world.
		This years major story in Canadian politics started with the election of a new Prime Minister and was given a second chapter with the selection of his major opponent for the next election.
	blogs.epicindia.com /leapinthedark/the_world/politics (19146 words)

	123Student
		The Four Political Parties of Canada In a country as vast and as culturally diverse as Canada, many different political opinions can be found stretched across the country.
		To represent these varying political views, Canada has four official national political parties to choose from: the Liberals (who are currently in power), the Progressive Conservatives, the New Democrats, and the Reform Party.
		(Morton, pgs.12-27, 1986) Even to the casual Canadian political observer, the NDP is generally regarded as the party at the bottom of the political barrel at the federal level.
	www.123student.com /politics/3217.shtml (3031 words)

	Canada - Why Reciprocity Was Rejected
		Canadian wheat milled in Minneapolis enjoys a lower freight rate and consequently a higher market than Canadian wheat milled in Europe, as sixteen and twenty two are to forty and fifty cents the former being the freight cost to a Minneapolis mill; the latter, the freight cost to a European mill.
		Though the desire for reciprocity with the United states was exploited politically more by the Liberals or low tariff party than by the Conservatives the high tariff party both had repeatedly sent official and unofficial emissaries to Washington seeking tariff concessions.
		If Laurier had launched reciprocity as a political dodge, he would have sounded public opinion and learned that it was no longer with him on tariff concessions ; but because he was absolutely sincere in his belief in the Cobden-Bright Gospel of Free Trade, he rode for a second time to a humiliating fall.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles30/canada-5.shtml (2987 words)

	Politics Is Everything
		But there is every bit as much politics in a classroom, or a living room (and certainly in a bed room), or in a church, or in a scientific laboratory as there is in any government or political party.
		National politics and economics still plague the international space station, and can be expected to do so even more as nation-states continue to lose control because of the greater pressures of global finance and economics, and of transnational corporations generally.
		The politics of the first age derived from sacred scripture and a presumption of popular ignorance; the politics of the second [derived] from human scripture and the presumption that We The People could judge matters of common concern; the politics of the third age [was] anomalous.
	www.futures.hawaii.edu /dator/space/politicsis.html (8627 words)

	Canadian Dimension / Articles / Israel, Racism, and the Canadian Media(Dan Freeman-Maloy)
		For Canadians to support Israel, they must adopt the Israeli perspective regarding the native population of this land, the view that the Palestinian population is an ethnic imbalance to be corrected, a problem to be dealt with, a “demographic threat” to a state which must be made “Jewish” at all costs.
		Even for the killing of Canadians, Israeli culpability was sidelined: “Lebanon terror hits home,” read a Toronto Star headline on the topic for July 17; “Canadians were killed in crossfire of fight with Hezbollah,” read another headline, this one from the July 18 issue of the Globe and Mail.
		Prominent among these is the decision by the Ontario wing of the Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE-Ontario), Canada’s largest union of public sector workers, to identify Israel’s regime of systematic ethnic and national discrimination as apartheid, and to join the call for boycott, divestment and sanctions against Israel until apartheid is dismantled.
	canadiandimension.com /articles/2006/07/23/587 (3577 words)

	University of Calgary: Calendar: Courses: Political Science
		An analysis of the politics of the international regimes governing the control of weapons of mass destruction, including case studies of states that pose challenges to these regimes.
		An examination of political parties and elections in both established and emerging democracies as a means of understanding the nature of political representation in modern representative democracies.
		An examination of the political, ethical and legal dilemmas surrounding collective violence and its impact on populations in the context of Post-Cold War case histories.
	www.ucalgary.ca /pubs/calendar/current/What/Courses/POLI.htm (2426 words)

	UCI Catalogue: Dept. of Politics and Society
		Addresses the questions: how do we account for the emergence of a world system of nation-states; how does the course of political development affect the distribution of political power within nation-states; what is the evolutionary linkage between liberal democracies and the transformation of capitalism; what are the major challenges to political governance facing western democracies.
		Acquaints students with current political theories, critical of conventional thinking, which attempt to join political, economic, social, historical, linguistic, and philosophical concerns to questions involving the relationships between and among individuals, groups, and institutions in the society, economy, and polity.
		Examines the cultures and political conflicts of the more than 130 indigenous ethnic groups in the European and Asian territories of the former U.S.S.R. Emphasis is on the theoretical issues of ethnicity, nationalism, and conflict management.
	www.editor.uci.edu /97-98/ss/ss.11.html (5263 words)

	The Canadian Encyclopedia
		Frail and intellectual, preferring the privacy of his library to the battlefield of politics, he was uncertain.
		Wilfrid Laurier was one of the central figures of Canadian history.
		I have had before me as a pillar of fire by night and a pillar of cloud by day a policy of true Canadianism, of moderation, of conciliation.â James H. Marsh is editor in chief of The Canadian Encyclopedia.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=ArchivedFeatures&Params=A259 (730 words)

	Reciprocity Treaty, 1911
		The Reciprocity Agreement in 1911 was much more than a debate over a trading arrangement between the United States and Canada.
		The opponents of reciprocity, led by businessmen in Central Canada and the Conservative Party, argued that the choice was one between Canadian nationalism with its strong British connections, and the continentalization of North America, with the United States as the dominant centre.
		To compound Laurier's problem, he was seen in Quebec as being too imperialistic in his proposal for a Canadian navy and his involvement of Canadians in the Boer War.
	www.mta.ca /faculty/arts/canadian_studies/english/about/study_guide/debates/reciprocity.html (513 words)

	Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
		Cartwright argued that Canadians should use the crisis to remind themselves of the reasons for the colony’s existence, including the sacrifices made by the United Empire Loyalists, and to demand active British military support.
		And, while Cartwright never wanted confidence in his own political talents, he recognized in 1869 that he lacked the political experience and seniority needed for the portfolio and that he came from a region already well represented in cabinet by Macdonald and Alexander Campbell.
		Politics, he maintained, was “war and many things are lawful,” a maxim he clearly applied to the Liberals’ efforts to obstruct Macdonald’s electoral franchise bill of 1885, when the parliamentary session stretched from January to July.
	www.biographi.ca /EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=41398 (4097 words)

	Politics \| End the War on Freedom
		Political authority is not a force of nature; it does not inhere in Messrs.
		The handful of men and women who wield ultimate political power do not and cannot possess sufficient force to compel the people to obey them or, more accurately, cannot possibly compel their subjects to do everything that is necessary in order to sustain their power.
		All political systems are defined by their use of violence – whether actual or threatened – to compel people to do what they do not otherwise choose to do.
	billstclair.com /blog/categories/politics (2919 words)

	Home Page » Netscape.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Politics – They found out via exasperated e-mails from spouses, somber announcements from their platoon commanders, seeing the secretary of defense at a TV news conference: The soldiers who thought they were sta
		Politics – The Senate is urging quick action by six countries to open a secret Nazi archive that documents the lives and deaths of millions of World War II concentration camp inmates.
		Politics – Former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani is facing a hot-button issue on the campaign trail as he stumps throughout the south -- whether state capitols should be allowed to fly the confederate flag.
	politics.netscape.com /14 (1095 words)

	HaldenJohnson {dot} Net : The Golden Rule V. The Rule of Reciprocity
		Unfortunately many people actually live by the rule of reciprocity which dictates that people will treat others as they themselves are treated or as they perceive they are treated.
		The rule of Reciprocity, on the other hand, limits our ability to gage moral judgments by basing our decisions on what is known of others attitudes towards us.
		Reciprocity makes us prone to rash or wrongly influenced judgments; it is this kind of thinking that can lead to generalizations.
	haldenjohnson.net /2006/10/19/the-golden-rule-v-the-rule-of-reciprocity (328 words)

	Trust and Non-Trust in Law, Business, and Behavioral Science -- Welcome
		Whether a civic association is cultural, athletic, or political, it is likely to embody norms of reciprocity (you do this and I'll do that) and may extend to networks of further social engagement.
		Notoriously, political leaders are often not competent and honest, and equally notoriously, people often do not believe that they are competent and honest.
		The somewhat unstable nature of Russian political and economic life affected international confidence in Russia, which in turn affected the value of the ruble; that affected the behavior of Russian staff, whose confidence was lowered due to the relatively low international confidence.
	cyber.law.harvard.edu /trusting/govier2.html (2504 words)

	George Brown (Canadian politician) Summary
		George Brown (1818-1880) was a Canadian politician and newspaper editor who stood for the principle of majority rule, favored expansion into the West, and gave powerful support to the movement for the federation of British North America.
		In June 1864 the increasing political difficulties and frustrations of the early 1860s finally led to the creation of a coalition ministry to carry forward the plan of the union of all the British North American colonies.
		He supported political reform in Canada, especially "representation by population," and was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada in 1851.
	www.bookrags.com /George_Brown_(Canadian_politician) (1405 words)

	Swanz: Montana Stockgrowers Association
		No reciprocity was demanded from the USDA of Canada to develop a similar regionalization project.
		Approximately, 780 US cattle moved north to the Canadian feedyards during the winter of '98 and '99, due largely to unfair protocol adopted by Ag Canada and a monetary exchange rate.
		Had reciprocity and sound science been demanded initially, the animal health regulations of the Northwest Pilot Project would not have been so difficult to implement or may have not even been necessary.
	www.fas.usda.gov /itp/wto/montana/swanz.html (1119 words)

	Canadian Dimension / Articles / The Somalian Labyrinth (R.T. Naylor)
		More likely the reasons were that the traffic bypassed the national banking system, which the regime manipulated to its advantage; that much of the profit went to opposition groups; and that cronies of the president saw prohibition as a way to unleash the Army and police on their competitors.
		This reciprocity, which served to keep traditional farmer-pastoralist hostilities in check, was a mystery to foreign relief workers who poured into the country along with a massive influx of food aid.
		In 1996 the group was accused of attempting to assassinate the Ethiopian Minister of Transportation, himself an ethnic Somali who was regarded as a traitor to the cause of reunification.
	canadiandimension.com /articles/2007/01/11/839 (5748 words)

	Free Essay The Four Political Parties of Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		To represent these varying political views, Canada has four official national political parties to choose from: the Liberals (who are currently in power), the Progressive Conservatives, the New Democrats, and the Reform Party.
		This paper will examine the significant early history of Canada's four main national political parties, and then will analyse their current state, referring to recent major political victories/disasters, and the comparison of major economic policy standpoints, which will ultimately lead to a prediction of which party will win the next federal election in Canada.
		Even to the casual Canadian political observer, the NDP is generally regarded as the party at the bottom of the political barrel at the federal level.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=26038 (3318 words)

	The Liberal Party of Canada
		In the 29 years after Canadian confederation, the Liberals were consigned to opposition, with the exception of one stint in government.
		According to Canadian legend, Johnson grabbed Pearson by the lapels, shook him, and shouted "You pissed on my rug!" Pearson later recounted that the meeting was acrimonious, but insisted the two parted cordially.
		Although most Canadians voted for parties opposed to free trade, the Tories were returned with a majority government, and implemented the deal.
	www.canadian-politics.com /parties/parties_liberal.shtml (4128 words)

	Welcome to Saskatchewan, Canada
		Settlement of the province started to take off as the Canadian Pacific Railway was built in the early 1880s, and the Canadian government divided up the land by the Dominion Land Survey and gave free land to any willing settlers.
		As more settlers came to the prairies on the railway, the population grew and Saskatchewan officially became a province on September 1, 1905 and inauguration day was held September 4.
		During the post-war period the CCF and its successor the Saskatchewan New Democrats have dominated provincial politics with Douglas, Allan Blakeney and Roy Romanow all serving long periods as Premier and becoming national figures.
	www.hometowncanada.com /sk (1274 words)

	Politics: From Tamil typewriters to Sinhala helicopter gunships - TamilCanadian
		The co-chairs appear to be creating the impression they expect reciprocity from the Sinhala government in return for coming down hard on the LTTE.
		In all probability the co-chairs are fine tuning their counterinsurgency strategy, by conjuring the illusion that the government would respond to pressure they exert and cough up a political solution.
		Their evident objective is to project the LTTE as an organisation addicted to war, as the obstacle to implementing any solution desired by the Tamil people and thereby to divide the Tamil national movement and weaken the LTTE.
	www.tamilcanadian.com /pageview.php?ID=4196&SID=547 (1987 words)

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