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Topic: Reciprocity cultural anthropology

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	Reciprocity (cultural anthropology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In cultural anthropology, reciprocity is a way of defining people's informal exchange of goods and labor; that is, people's informal economic systems.
		These three kinds of reciprocity are the most basic forms of economic exchange; more complex exchange systems include redistribution and the market.
		Moral reciprocity refers to the general tendency of humans (and, some argue, other animals) to reciprocate both assistance and harm in relation to the subjective interpretation of that assistance or harm as moral or immoral.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reciprocity_(cultural_anthropology) (525 words)

	Cultural Anthropology Terms
		the process by which a culture is transformed due to the massive adoption of cultural traits from another society--it is what happens to a culture when alien traits diffuse in on a large scale and substantially replace traditional cultural patterns.
		In North American universities, the study of anthropology is usually divided into four main sub-disciplines: cultural anthropology, physical anthropology, archaeology, and linguistics.
		Culture loss is accelerated during periods of acculturation and transculturation.
	anthro.palomar.edu /tutorials/cglossary.htm (7566 words)

	Anthropology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Anthropology is considered in its role as a social science and as a broader discipline combining elements of the humanities and the natural sciences as well.
		Prerequisite: Anthropology 211 or Sociology 101, or consent of the instructor.
		Prerequisite: Anthropology 211, Sociology 101, or Anthropology 383.
	www.reed.edu /academic/catalog/84.html (2835 words)

	ipedia.com: Anthropology Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Central to anthropology is the concept of culture and that our species has evolved a universal capacity to conceive of the world symbolically, to teach and learn such symbols socially, and to transform the world (and ourselves) based on such symbols.
		Anthropology grew increasingly distinct from natural history and by the end of the nineteenth century the discipline began to crystallize into its modern form - by 1935, for example, it was possible for T.K. Penniman to write a history of the discipline entitled A Hundred Years of Anthropology.
		Anthropology in the U.S. Anthropology in the United States was essentially founded by Franz Boas, who used his positions at Columbia University and the American Museum of Natural History to train and develop multiple generations of students.
	www.ipedia.com /anthropology.html (2029 words)

	Cultural Anthropology \| Glossary
		Cultural rights include a group's ability to preserve its culture, to raise its children in the ways of its forebears, to continue its language, and not to be deprived of its economic base by the nation-state in which it is located.
		Specialized role acquired through a culturally appropriate process of selection, training, certification, and acquisition of a professional image; the curer is consulted by patients, who believe in his or her special powers, and receives some form of special consideration; a cultural universal.
		Cultural blends, or mixtures, including religious blends, that emerge from acculturation, particularly under colonialism, such as African, Native American, and Roman Catholic saints and deities in Caribbean vodun, or "voodoo," cults; the exchange of cultural features when cultures come into continuous firsthand contact.
	highered.mcgraw-hill.com /sites/0072500506/student_view0/glossary.html (4433 words)

	Anthropology
		The objective of this course is to familiarize students with the rich cultural syncretisms of Afro-Caribbean culture from a Latin American perspective, challenge the miasma of mysticism surrounding the religions as viewed by developed nations, and provide students with the basic skills necessary to conduct field research from an anthropological perspective.
		Europe is not the kind of place traditionally associated with anthropology; it is not "non-Western," it is not "nondeveloped," it is not "nonliterate," it is most certainly not "without history," and perhaps most significantly, it is not the exclusive investigatory turf of anthropologists.
		Introduction to ecological anthropology or cultural ecology; interrelations of social and cultural systems with the biotic and physical environment; exploitative and subsistence systems: land use, land tenure, settlement patterns.
	wings.buffalo.edu /anthropology/webstuff/courses/undergrad.htm (3801 words)

	Qualitative Research in the Age of the Algorithm: New Challenges in Cultural Anthropology—2003 RLG Annual Meeting
		I think anthropology, especially cultural anthropology, sees its task as re-specifying these concepts in light of understanding particular environments in detail, so that one can qualitatively describe the world as it exists in that empirical sense rather than in the way our categories would like the world to be.
		The way that I see that as being a kind of image for anthropology is that in the age of the algorithm we have not only the rationalization of society or the informationalization of society but also the rationalization of the ways in which we understand society.
		Cultural prejudices, or prejudices that come with not understanding the situation on the ground, are precisely what field work is supposed to overcome—long-term, intense field work.
	www.rlg.org /en/page.php?Page_ID=2201 (11469 words)

	Reciprocity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Reciprocity (international relations), a principle that favours, benefits, or penalties that are granted by one state to the citizens or legal entities of another, should be returned in kind.
		Reciprocity (photography), the relationship between the intensity of the light and duration of the exposure that result in identical exposure.
		Reciprocity (electromagnetic), the rule that makes the electrical specifications of an antenna for receiving and transmitting the same.
	www.godseye.com /stat/en/r/e/c/Reciprocity.html (241 words)

	Glossary
		Anthropology: a holistic science that studies humans, their cultures and societies in different geographical areas and different periods of time.
		Cultural anthropology: a sub-field of anthropology concerned with human society in its social and cultural aspects.
		Cultural ecology: the study of ecosystems regarding the dynamic relationship between human society and its environment, in which culture plays an adaptive role.
	www.anthro.wayne.edu /ant2100/GlossaryCultAnt.htm (3119 words)

	Cultural Anthropology, Ethnography, and Folk Culture Videotapes in the Media Resources Center, UC Berkeley
		The link between culture and personality is further examined through a discussion of the strength and weaknesses of National Character studies conducted during the 1940's and contrasting "core values" in three cultures: Japan, China and the United States.
		Various cultural systems for the distribution of limited goods and services are examined, from equal distribution of goods among the !Kung to the balanced reciprocity among the Yanomamo Indians and the Trobriand Islanders; from barter among the Mendi of Papua New Guinea to the market place in Afghanistan.
		Profile of the German scientist who is considered the founding father of American anthropology, beginningwith his investigations of the relations between Eskimo migrations and the physical geography of their region and extending to his fieldwork among the Indian tribes of the Northwest Coast of America.
	www.lib.berkeley.edu /MRC/EthnographyVid.html (14261 words)

	Cultural Anthropology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Anthropology is the study of human biology, society, material life, and language.
		The first third of this course will provide students with: a basic definition of cultural anthropology, research and field methods, ethics, the concepts of culture and how people acquire culture, and the history of anthropological theories of culture.
		The goal of the assignment is for students to learn about a culture that they are specifically interested in and to enhance your research and writing skills.
	www.stpt.usf.edu /weedman/CulturalSpr04.html (2482 words)

	Cultural anthropology reading: Verbal and Nonverbal communication
		Language is the servant of the culture that gave it birth.
		is the branch of anthropology concerned with the cultural aspects of cognitive structure.
		Cultural factors govern body movement, determining what moves, when it moves, where it moves, and restrictions on movement.
	home.snu.edu /~hculbert/verbal.htm (7504 words)

	Department of Anthropology
		This course will provide an introduction to cultural anthropology as a social science with a body of theories and research methods.
		Topics will include the following components of human culture as well as their cross-cultural diversity: communication, subsistence strategies, economic systems, kinship terminologies and descent rules, gender and marriage, social stratification, politics, religion, and ethnicity.
		Instead, you are expected to interpret a particular set of data provided by the case study about one of the dimensions of that culture: language, subsistence strategies, economic system, marriage and gender, social stratification, politics, or religion.
	www.geneseo.edu /~anthro/Anth_100_ZZsyllabi.php (754 words)

	Introduction to Cultural Anthropology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Be sure to understand the difference between grammar, the social uses of speech, and morphology.
		Describe the differences and similarities between the different types of exchange systems: reciprocity, redistribution, and market economy.
		Discuss what it means to say that gender is a cultural construct.
	maxweber.hunter.cuny.edu /anthro/H2MTstudy.html (349 words)

	Cultural Anthropology -- University of Minnesota Duluth
		Understand and appreciate the concept of culture, from the perspective of anthropologists, as the adaptive mechanism that provides for survival of the human species.
		The Mbuti tribe of Zaire are used to illustrate division of labor between the sexes and the methods by which traditions and responsibilities are passed down from mother to daughter and father to son.
		Among the arts and cultures featured in the program are body painting among the tribes of the Amazon River basin in Brazil; the link between arts and religion as shown in the monuments of the Egyptian Empire; the sand painting of Buddhist monks in Tibet; and the
	www.d.umn.edu /claweb/faculty/troufs/anth1604/video/Faces.html (3271 words)

	Cultural Anthropology Definitions
		Cultural values are arbitrary, and therefore the values of one culture should not be used as standards to evaluate the behavior or persons from outside that culture.
		The spread of cultural traits through borrowing from one culture to another.
		The use of values, ideals, and mores from one’s own culture to judge the behavior of someone from another culture.
	www.killgrove.org /ANT220/cultanthdef.html (647 words)

	Anthropology 104
		Students will be exposed to the idea that humans are one of many species of primates that have lived in the past or are still living in various parts of the world today.
		Students will be able to identify some of the basic types of archaeological analysis and interpretation (for example, seriation, identification of artifact assemblages, and identification of archaeological cultures).
		Students should also be able to describe the natural and cultural transfomations archaeological sites undergo through time.
	www.siu.edu /~anthro/muller/104_Object.htm (745 words)

	Cultural Anthropology
		Course Description: The discipline of anthropology studies humankind in its entirety and aims to produce useful generalizations about the behavior of people around the world and throughout time.
		This course will introduce you to the basics of cultural anthropology, the subfield of anthropology that studies present and recent cultures in a comparative context.
		The purpose of this assignment is to gain experience in one of cultural anthropology's primary research methods: participant observation.
	www.as.ysu.edu /~ajancius/cultural/syllabus.htm (1112 words)

	Cultural Anthropology Mix quiz -- free game
		In societies, goods and services are distributed in three different modes: reciprocity, redistribution and ______?
		Societies have been divided into three groups dependent on the way they distribute wealth, power and prestige.
		Cultural anthropologists have identified two fundamental types of family structure - the nuclear family and the ________ family?
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz.cfm?qid=43569 (180 words)

	Anthropology 170: Intro to Cultural Anthropology
		COURSE DESCRIPTION: This is an introduction to cultural anthropology through several ethnographies (descriptions and analyses of cultures), both written and filmed.
		Topics include social, cultural and ecological patterns of human societies; the theory, methods and changes in the discipline of cultural anthropology; and ourselves as creations of culture.
		Anthropology has enabled me to work as a journalist in Central America, as a human rights lobbyist on Capitol Hill, and as a professor in the United States.
	www.anthropology.ccsu.edu /faculty/adamsa/170sylla.htm (1667 words)

	reciprocity - OneLook Dictionary Search
		RECIPROCITY, reciprocity : Glossary of Global Trade Terms [home, info]
		RECIPROCITY : Glossary of Energy and Related Terms [home, info]
		Phrases that include reciprocity: reciprocity failure, reciprocity law, frobenius reciprocity, reciprocity theorem, artin reciprocity, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=reciprocity (282 words)

	Anthropology-Page
		What the Social Sciences mean by “Culture”- it’s not just in yogurt and high class people.
		Cultural institutions and how they fit together (cultural integration).
		dying of cultures and the birth or revitalization of Ethnicity.
	www.gpc.edu /~wguyton/anthropology/anthropage.htm (888 words)

	Cultural Anthropology- Economics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Donor refuses to continue t o transfer objects to receiver if the latter does not reciprocate in the appropriate time.May try to force reciprocation or suspend all relations until it happens.
		Changing the form of reciprocity can be used as a way of changing the nature of a social relationship.
		Reciprocity products pass back and forth between two participants with no third party as intermediary.
	users.stlcc.edu /nfuller/ca/economics.html (1145 words)

	JCCC::ANTH 125 - Cultural Anthropology
		Recognize the relationships between cultural anthropology and physical anthropology and archaeology.
		Analyze the fundamentals of the field of linguistic anthropology.
		Performance and competence B. The implications of language for anthropology C. The ethnography of communication III.
	www.jccc.net /home/course_outline/fall-2005/ANTH125 (498 words)

	GW Anthropology Faculty
		Selected publications: "Culture as showplace: UNESCO and the politics of cultural heritage in Tibet," Journal of Contemporary Asia 36:2, 2006.
		Cultural Heritage and Development: A Framework for Action in the Middle East and North Africa.
		Special interests: Applied, public health, and psychological anthropology, research methods, theory, violence/violence prevention, substance abuse, HIV risk, marginalization and poverty, immigrant and refugee populations; Latin America, Caribbean, Southeast Asia, urban North America.
	www.gwu.edu /~anth/faculty.html (2890 words)

	Introduction to Cultural Anthropology
		A response explaining why anthropologists study cultures in general is not adequate.
		Anthropology is more interested in the biological differences among humans than in their art, literature, or worldview.
		However, my presentation of this in class was unclear; I also credited “generalized reciprocity.” It is more accurately “balanced,” because in the long run, friends in the
	uwacadweb.uwyo.edu /anth1200/spring05/exam1sp05.htm (1907 words)

	Anthropology 201 Cultural Anthropology
		Discuss the difference in efficiency in industrial agriculture with regard to human labor energy and fossil fuel energy.
		Cultural materialism, the theoretical position in anthropology associated with Marvin Harris, claims that
		cultural phenomena can be best explained by reference to a society's patterns of material production
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~rcm/stdygd1.htm (557 words)

	Cultural Anthropology
		Web Assignments: "Body ritual among the Nacirema" San Reach Landmark IPR Benefit-Sharing Accord for Diet Pill; The U'wa of the Colombian cloud forest; Makah Whaling Misunderstood; The Cattle People.
		how villagers in Amanalco modernized using their traditional culture; gender and the Indian Hiras;.
		‑‑ differences between reciprocity (generalized/ balanced/ negative) redistribution, market exchange, Enculturation; growing up among the Ju/huonsi; work of Margaret on gender and culture.
	www.stpt.usf.edu /~jsokolov/211REV2f06.htm (464 words)

	Department of Anthropology
		The subject matter of this course is an introduction to cultural anthropology, which is the study of the variety of shared "ways of life" of the living and recent peoples of the world.
		- The study of the ways of life of the living peoples of the world, AND an overview of the development and practice of Cultural Anthropology as a primary tool for the accomplishment of that study.
		- Students acquisition of knowledge of the practice of the field of Cultural Anthropology will be demonstrated both on examinations and by means of a five page term paper.
	www.geneseo.edu /~ANTHRO/Anth_100_RJsyllabi.php (576 words)

	Reciprocity (cultural Anthropology) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Many of these can be purchased in extremely hi-res digital format.
		In other cultures generalized reciprocity can occur within entire clan s or large kin groups.
		Please check back often as new enhancements are frequently being created
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/reciprocity_(cultural_anthropology) (475 words)

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