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Topic: Recirculating ball

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	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In particular, the present invention is directed to a ball screw and unitary nut assembly in which a plurality of bearing balls are internally recirculated between complementary grooves formed on the exterior structure of the screw and the internal structure of the surrounding unitary nut engaged therewith.
		Conventional ball screw nut assemblies commonly include a round leadscrew having a continuous helical groove or thread (with accompanying lands) along its length and a follower or nut with a mating continuous internal groove or thread that cooperates with the external groove of the leadscrew to form a course or race directing circulating bearing balls.
		In this representative example, the balls are approximately four millimeters in diameter and the pitch of the grooves in the nut (11) and the screw (41) are approximately five millimeters.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=03/89808.031030&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (5597 words)

	SERVICING RECIRCULATING BALL STEERING GEARS, Larry Carley, Brake & Front End, January 2002
		Ball bearings are used to reduce friction between the ball nut and worm gear.
		Power-assisted recirculating ball steering gears work the same way as manual gears, except that they have a sliding spool valve or a rotating spool valve and torsion bar to route hydraulic pressure to chambers on either side of a power piston that may be located inside or outside the steering box.
		He says if a recirculating ball steering gear is worn or is suffering from an internal problem, the safest approach for most technicians today is to replace the steering box rather than attempting to rebuild it.
	www.babcox.com /editorial/bf/bf10230.htm (2256 words)

	RepairNation.com - Automotive Encyclopedia: I
		Once speed approaches 14-16 mph or equivalent engine speed, the idle circuit fuel flow is reduced and fuel is supplied by the main metering jets.
		The center link (a laterally-moving steering link which connects tie rods) is connected to the fame at one end (usually passenger side) by the idler arm and to the steering box (via a pitman arm) at the other end.
		Can also be a replacement bearing or bushing which adapts to a worn part to allow an original part to fit snug with a worn part.
	www.repairnation.com /automotive_encyclopedia/page_i.htm (2071 words)

	(Chrysler) Imperial Steering System Terms and How The System Works
		A ball nut rides on the worm gear and a gear on the cross (Pitman) shaft, called the cross shaft sector, is engaged with this nut.
		Ball or roller bearings are used to support both ends of the worm gear and are adjustable to remove end or side play from the worm gear.
		Because teeth on the nut are meshed with the teeth on the sector, the movement of the nut causes the sector shaft to rotate and swing the steering linkage connected to it.
	www.imperialclub.com /Repair/Steering/terms.htm (1325 words)

	Steering - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The most conventional steering arrangement is to turn the front wheels using a hand–operated steering wheel which is positioned in front of the driver.
		Older designs often use the recirculating ball mechanism, which is still found on trucks and utility vehicles.
		This effect is even stronger with a heavy vehicle like a truck; recirculating ball steering prevents this degree of feedback, just as it prevents desirable feedback under normal circumstances.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Steering (968 words)

	Ball Transfer Units - UK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ball Transfer Units - UK European Ball Units Limited offer a range of superior Ball Transfer Units manufactured to precise standards from solid steel parts that operate on the recirculating ball principle.
		The diameter of the main balls are from 12.7 mm to 50.8 mm and the load capability from 35kg to 2000kg.
		Operating temperatures are -30ºC to +100ºC. Pre-stressed spring loaded Ball Units are available where full retraction of the load ball is necessary after positioning of press tools, where equalization is required to prevent overloading and where shock loads may occur.
	www.euroballunits.com (198 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Car Steering Works"
		Instead of twisting further into the block the way a regular bolt would, this bolt is held fixed so that when it spins, it moves the block, which moves the gear that turns the wheels.
		Instead of the bolt directly engaging the threads in the block, all of the threads are filled with ball bearings that recirculate through the gear as it turns.
		The balls actually serve two purposes: First, they reduce friction and wear in the gear; second, they reduce slop in the gear.
	www.howstuffworks.com /steering3.htm (271 words)

	R
		When the steering wheel is turned, the worm gear on the end of the steering shaft rotates and the movement of the recirculating balls causes the ball nut to move up and down along the worm.
		Movement of the ball nut is carried by teeth to the sector gear which in turn moves with the ball nut to rotate the pitman-arm shaft and activate the steering linkage.
		The balls recirculate from one end of the ball nut to the other through a pair of ball return guides.
	driving.50megs.com /a_z/r.htm (5463 words)

	ShopForum - Why does MB use recirculating ball? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		However, recirculating ball seems to do a very good job of isolating the driver from the imperfections on the road, so that the steering is very clean and smooth, worthy of a luxury car.
		Recirculating ball is very accurate and does indeed tend to let one feel the road without all the little imperfections.
		Mercedes coulda improved their recirculating ball design to match BMW's, instead of doin' a total swap to rack and pinion, which BMW ONLY elected to use on their 3-series (and a few other random cars, most notable the Z8).
	www.mercedesshop.com /shopforum/showthread.php3?t=8651 (779 words)

	Mercedes-Benz Ponton Recirculating Ball Steering
		As a link between the steering worm and the steering gear nut, steel balls are embedded in the thread, and these help to reduce friction during the turning motion.
		The steering worm and steering gear nut have, as it were, a thread with ball bearings.
		The advantages of worm and sector recirculating ball steering are based on two points.
	www.mbzponton.org /valueadded/technical/steering.htm (357 words)

	To Choose Linear Encoder or Ball Screw & Rotary Encoder? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This is because the ball screw drive must serve a double function: On the one hand, it must be as rigid as possible to convert the rotary motion of the servomotor to linear feed motion.
		This is because of the complex kinematics of a recirculating ball nut.
		This means that in rapid traverse at a ball screw speed of 2000 rpm, approximately 100 to 200 W of frictional heat is generated in the ball nut.
	www.heidenhain.com /whitepapr.html (3350 words)

	SRO AUTOMOTIVE DICTIONARY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		See ball and spring, ball bearing, ball joint, ball joint rocker arm, check ball, detent ball and spring, hitch ball, impact swivel ball universal joint, recirculating ball and nut steering, recirculating ball steering, recirculating ball worm and nut, recirculating ball, and towing ball.
		ball joint: A flexible joint using a ball and socket type of construction, used in steering linkage setups, steering knuckle pivot supports, etc. Their flexibility helps to compensate for the changes in the wheel and steering when turning or hitting a bump on the road.
		ball joint rocker arm: A rocker arm that instead of being mounted on a shaft, is mounted upon a ball-shaped device on the end of a stud.
	www.streetracing.org /paris/dictionary/sro-dicb.htm (10202 words)

	Motor Age: New directions in steering repair: increase customer satisfaction with a more thorough approach to steering ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Recirculating ball, sometimes referred to as recirculating ball and nut, features a specialized worm gear.
		Ball beatings roll through the worm gear threads in two outside loops called ball guides, and they recirculate through the gear as it turns.
		Recirculating ball-type steering gears require a more complicated linkage to transmit the rotary output of the sector shaft to the back-and-forth movement of the wheels.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3102/is_7_123/ai_n6137970 (1540 words)

	Steering & Tires
		The "recirculating ball" type is a past favorite because the balls act as a rolling thread between the wormshaft and the ball nut.
		Movement of the ball nut is carried to the sector gear by teeth on the side of the ball nut.
		During these actions, the steel balls recirculate within the rack piston, which is power assisted in movement by hydraulic pressure.
	www.abbysenior.com /mechanics/steering.htm (3406 words)

	Steering Gear Maintenance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Recirculating ball steering systems isolate road irregularities from the driver and generally provide longer service than rack and pinion designs.
		While replacement of a recirculating ball steering box costs less than would be the case with a rack and pinion system, parts availability for vintage cars is always a stressful affair.
		As it is very difficult to drain the fluid from a recirculating ball system (requires removal of the steering box), it is most practical to check that the level at the filling hole is correct.
	www3.telus.net /Volvo_Books/steer1.html (854 words)

	Motion/Positioning Products
		Ball Slides generally are used in reciprocating applications requiring 12 inches or less of travel and loads below 200 pounds.
		The Ball slides are capable of high speeds and long life with excellent straight line accuracy and repeatability.
		Ceramic Coated linear bearings do not have recirculating balls which makes this series more economical and since there are no balls to damage or jam the mechanism, the chance for a catastrophic failure is eliminated.
	www.pic-design.com /products/data.htm (1229 words)

	High Precision Construction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		These are grouped into two primary categories: recirculating bearings (square rail and round rail), which facilitate very long travel distances and nonrecirculating (ball and rod, and cross roller) which offer the smoothest translation.
		This increases the contact surface between the ball and the rail, thereby increasing the load capacity of the linear bearing.
		The bearing system in the linear ball bearing (ball and rod) style table consists of two rows of hardened steel balls located on either side of the table.
	www.daedalpositioning.com /Products/High_Precision_Contents/High_Precision_Technologies/High_Precision_Construction/high_precision_construction.html (541 words)

	Ball Slide Positioning Stage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ball slides are sometimes referred to as ball and rod bearing assemblies, or ball bearing slides.
		Ball slide stages are simply ball slides coupled with a drive mechanism.
		Lockable ball slides have a brake assembly for slowing or stopping the linear motion, or a lock for maintaining the carriage in a specific position.
	www.smi4motion.com /MAC4-12.htm (443 words)

	FORDMUSCLE - Flaming River Steering Box
		The drawback to the recirculating ball design is that over time is develops slack and excessive play.
		The ball bearings are in there to take up slack between the gears and offer better feel to the driver, however other aspects of the box, such as the long 43" shaft, place a great deal of stress on the internal mechanism which leads to wear.
		While it still uses a recirculating ball mechanism, the components are of better material, and the unit is re-engineered to offer more precise steering input and better road feel.
	www.fordmuscle.com /archives/2002/07/steeringbox/index.shtml (726 words)

	Recirculating ball slide guides, ball bearing roller guides - Isotech
		These precision steel balls roll in the respective raceway groove with contact at four points.
		Since precision steel balls are used as rolling elements, the rolling resistance is extremely small, ensuring smooth and stable operation.
		The Gothic arch groove, where the balls contact the raceway surface at four points, enables the load and moment to be carried in all directions.
	www.isotechinc.com /prod07.htm (198 words)

	Sharp Turns
		However, the major wear point in a recirculating ball steering gear is mid-way down the worm shaft where the Pitman shaft sector teeth and the ball nut teeth interface.
		The teeth on the ball nut engage the teeth on the Pitman shaft and the its movement is transmitted through the Pitman arm to the steering linkage and thence to the front wheels.
		In the ball nut are vertical passages connecting the helical grooves and the outer surface of the nut.
	www.idavette.net /hib/bbfh8.htm (2915 words)

	Miniature Linear Recirculating Ball Bearing And Guideway Assembly KUME..C
		For the first time, the new series KUME..C unit includes four rows of recirculating balls in two point contact inside a miniature linear recirculating ball bearing and guideway assembly - a design that has been used in "normal" linear recirculating assemblies for years now.
		In the miniature series, balls of up to a diameter of 1 mm are used.
		And of course, as is the case with all of INA's linear recirculating ball bearing and guideway assemblies, the KUME..C has a ball retention system.
	www.ina.de /inaupdate/productronic/produktgruppen/produktgruppen8_1_gb.asp (370 words)

	Manual Recirculating Ball Steering at Inner Auto Parts
		With the manual recirculating ball steering gear, turning forces are transmitted through ball bearings from a "worm gear" on the steering shaft to a sector gear on the pitman arm shaft.
		A ball nut assembly is filled with ball bearings, which "roll" along grooves between the worm teeth and grooves inside the ball nut.
		The sector gear then moves with the ball nut to rotate the pitman arm shaft and activate the steering linkage.
	www.innerauto.com /Automotive_Definitions/Manual_Recirculating_Ball_Steering (154 words)

	Product News 182 : Linear Motion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Similarly if pre-load adjustability is a major criterion for your linear motion application you wouldn't choose a plain bearing or a recirculating ball monorail.
		This is made possible by adjustable eccentric guide wheels being opposed by fixed concentric wheels which allow the correct rigidity and running characteristics to be created for the given application.
		By comparison, a recirculating ball monorail is highly susceptible to dirt ingressing the ball track, causing the block to fail and permanent damage to the rail.
	www.hepco.co.uk /hep09182.htm (749 words)

	Turnomat Square Housings Page
		The units utilize four replaceable, preload adjustable, Ball Recirculating Gibs to provide absolute control on twist, shake and play.
		The exclusive precision adjustable Recirculating Ball Bearing Gibs allows the units eight oblong circuits of balls to wrap around the Square Shaft for complete control of the assembly.
		Ball Bearing Gib bases are hardened and precision ground to provide smooth surface for free recirculation of ball bearings.
	www.turnomat.com /bus.html (194 words)

	Endurequip, mobile hoists and lifting jacks - Automotive and Rail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The hardened steel shaft and recirculating ball system offer an extremely reliable and efficient lifting system for the modern rail industry workshop.
		Portalift's recirculating ball system is virtually friction-free, with a mechanical efficiency around 95%.
		The drive shaft is a precision-ground steel screw, with two recirculating ball nuts.
	www.endurequip.com.au /rail (556 words)

	Pirate4x4.Com Bulletin Board - Carbed YJ SB Chevy swap...stock fuel pump with recirculating ball valve setup? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		my dad, who is into porsches suggested that i use a ball valve with a three way to lower the 50 psi from my electric pump down to the 5 psi that i need at the carb.
		the porblem i see with using a simple ball valve is that you may get 5 psi at idle but anything off idle and you will see a sudden drop in fuel pressure as the needle assembly opens.
		I guess i didnt really think about what would happen with the ball valve if i was on the gas for enough time to run the float bowls dry.
	www.pirate4x4.com /forum/showthread.php?t=316619 (1261 words)

	Tusk Direct Inc on powertransmission.com
		Tusk ball and crossed roller slides utilize a straight line design which allows for low friction characteristics and inexpensive production methods resulting in an economical alternative in linear bearing design.
		Overall dimensions and characteristics are the same as ball slides, however, crossed roller slides feature high capacity rollers and flat raceways to allow extremely smooth movement and 6-8 times the capacity of a similarly sized ball slide.
		The rolling elements, (balls) recirculate along on oval path entering and leaving the load zone as the slide moves.
	www.powertransmission.com /copage/tusk.htm (1132 words)

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