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Topic: Reclaimed land

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	USAID Madagascar: Land Reclaimed
		The surrounding hillsides had been used for slash-and-burn agriculture, and the basin was clogged with silt and invasive plants.
		However, on the east coast, poor management practices and lack of access to appropriate technologies have led to the abandonment of large tracts of prime rice paddy.
		Farmers have resorted to the slash-and-burn rice cultivation on the surrounding hillsides that have severely damaged the environment.
	www.usaid.gov /missions/mg/about/land_reclaim.html (249 words)

	Land reclamation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Notable examples include the cities of Washington, DC (which is built on land that was once swamp) and Boston, MA in the USA and the polders of the Netherlands.
		Land reclamation is the creation of agricultural or inhabitable land, generally through irrigation.
		Land reclamation (also called land rehabilitation) is also the process of cleaning up a site that has sustained environmental degradation, such as strip mining.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reclaimed_land (286 words)

	Law & Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Reclaims or attempts to reclaim land by hydraulic means shall ensure that the boundaries of the land to be reclaimed shall be protected by dykes within the landowner's boundaries as to prevent spillage of any material onto land outside such boundaries.
		Constructs or has under his control, and marina, canal, causeway, reclaimed land or peninsula shall construct and maintain marina, canal, causeway, reclaimed land or peninsula with vertical sides revetted by concrete, wood piling or other method approved...
		Reclaims land shall make adequate provision for storm drainage so that rain catchment shall not be channeled onto other land whether or not such land be swampland.
	www.gov.ky /servlet/page?_pageid=654&_dad=portal30&_schema=PORTAL30&_mode=3&orgcode=35 (217 words)

	PHOTO LIBRARY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This high, arid land is being mined, reclaimed, and planted with native vegetation.
		Reclaimed land at these mines is also being planted with vegetation that restores culturally significant plants for the local residents.
		On this reclaimed area the operator is managing the land prior to bond release by cutting hay and using it for mulch on other areas of the mining operation.
	www.osmre.gov /ocphoto8.htm (2105 words)

	Land Reclamation
		The land is disced and harrowed in preparation for the introduction of crops
		Reclaimed land with establishment of a healthy forage crop and pond for waterfowl habitat.
		Reclaimed land illustrating contouring and establishment of pond areas for waterfowl habitat.
	spans.gscc.nrcan.gc.ca /~ren/coal/reclaim.html (163 words)

	CRTC for ITCAMP: Coastal Profiles. I.R.Iran
		Reclaimed lands are the areas recovered as a result of water level decline or reduction of any other water current on the shores of seas, lakes, islands or wetlands.
		Coastal lands are the territories with a specified width along the shoreline of seas, lakes or gulfs that are bound at least on one side to these bodies of water.
		Also, coastal lands and reclaimed lands recovered from the decline of water levels in the seas and lakes or the drying up of marshes and swamps are considered public property.
	www.caspianenvironment.org /itcamp/iran4.htm (4286 words)

	S'pore tremors raise fear of building on reclaimed land \| Reuters
		To ensure that a plot of reclaimed land will be stable enough to hold buildings, Singapore lets the land lay fallow for about 20 years to allow the sand to settle.
		Engineers say that reclaimed land is always prone to sinking due to the difficulties in compacting the sand and draining the water trapped inside the reclaimed plot, which causes reclaimed land to subside more easily.
		However, buildings on reclaimed land will not sink if they are supported by steel or concrete columns that are hammered all the way into the seabed, although the streets circling the buildings may sink alongside the drooping land, engineers say.
	uk.reuters.com /article/homepageCrisis/idUKSIN211557._CH_.242020070309 (694 words)

	Land Reclamation in the Middle East, by Harry Valentine -- anti-state.com
		Land reclaimed from the sea may be a means to reduce tensions in the Middle East.
		Reclaiming land from the sea would enable Israel's population to increase, while preserving the religious sites which are regarded as sacred to followers of the Jewish, Christian and Muslim persuasions.
		They're also aware that reclaimed land could provide more housing and more hotel accommodations, enabling more of their flock to be accommodated close to Israel's holy sites at the time when the Messiah arrives.
	www.anti-state.com /valentine/valentine3.html (833 words)

	Nottinghamshire: history and archaeology \| Cambridge County Geographies: NOTTINGHAMSHIRE \| 9. Reclaimed Land.
		In the early periods of the county’s history much of the land, especially in the north, was in such a condition.
		This was the case throughout the vales of the Trent, the Idle, the Smite, and the Devon.
		The first efforts to reclaim this land seem to have been made by the Romans, for it was they who constructed the Bycar Dyke and the Fosse Dyke.
	www.nottshistory.org.uk /swinnerton1910/chapter9.htm (735 words)

	Interesting Engineering Event
		This airport was to be built on reclaimed land, land that is returned to a suitable condition of use, within the Bay of Osaka 60 miles south of the heart of Osaka.
		The reclaimed land that the airport is built on is settling on the bay floor, causing the entire island to sink.
		Due to overcrowding and unsuitable land to build on, a recent trend in Japan is to reclaim land from bays and other waterways and build on that land.
	www.pitt.edu /~nrv2/library1.html (2850 words)

	St Ann farmers get high yields from bauxite-reclaimed lands - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		"Land reclamation comprises all the activities to reshape the land as close as possible to its original contours and to restore it to its highest levels of productivity after mining," he said.
		"The land, at this stage, is ready for agricultural use and this is where the farmers in the communities play a very important part in the planting of various crops such as corn, pepper, cabbage and sorrel," Davis remarked.
		Carnel Henton, Land Reclamation Supervisor, said that the farmers benefited greatly from the initiative as the company provides them with all the resources to produce on the lands.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /news/html/20050930T200000-0500_89442_OBS_ST_ANN_FARMERS_GET_HIGH_YIELDS_FROM_BAUXITE_RECLAIMED_LANDS.asp (674 words)

	Powell River Project - Foundations for Housing on Reclaimed Mined Lands
		Therefore, reclaimed mined lands containing deep fills must be considered as unstable ground, subject to settlement, except where the fills are old and it is reasonably certain that they have already "aged" and settled.
		In geotechnical terms, some of the most favorable mined land construction sites are located on the level benches produced by the "shoot and shove" mining of the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s.
		All recently reclaimed land in surface mine areas should be considered as potentially unstable ground, subject to settlement, even where normal engineering precautions for good stabilization have been taken in the placement of the fill, unless an engineer can certify that site conditions are such that potential settlement is likely to be of little consequence.
	www.ext.vt.edu /pubs/mines/460-115/460-115.html (4921 words)

	CWRL - Mined land restoration ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Corn and wheat response to topsoil thickness and phosphorus on reclaimed land.
		Grazing reclaimed mined land seeded to native grasses in Wyoming.
		The effects of deep tillage on the soil moisture characteristics of reclaimed land.
	www.siu.edu /~wildlife/research/reclaim_reference/rowcrop_reclamation.htm (4079 words)

	Lake Turns Reclaimed Land Back to Woods
		Under the project, about 36,000 hectares of reclaimed land will be returned to forest, and trees will be planted in 31,000 hectares of barren hilly land and wasteland, local officials said.
		According to the local government’s requirements to control soil erosion, slope land above 25 degrees and farmland reclaimed before 1998 should be returned to its formal natural state for the tree planting effort.
		China has a plan to return 330,000 hectares of reclaimed land to grassland and forest and plant trees and grass in 490,000 hectares of wasteland and slope land across the country this year.
	www.china.org.cn /english/16908.htm (277 words)

	Digital Chosunilbo (English Edition) : Daily News in English About Korea
		The government is refining a plan to develop a reclaimed landsite of 15.8 million square meters in the Gimpo region near Incheon International Airport into a commercial and residential complex.
		The landsite in Gimpo was originally a wetland and sea zone that was reclaimed by now-bankrupt Dong-ah Construction Ind. and held on to for 12 years from 1978.
		Earlier, a government research organization had proposed a plan to develop 48 percent of the reclaimed region into a combination of tour, logistics, residential and research zones, while retaining the remaining zone as farming area.
	english.chosun.com /w21data/html/news/200201/200201160386.html (408 words)

	Mineral Information Institute - Coal Mine Reclamation Stories
		Modern mines reclaim the surface during and after mining is completed, returning the land to useful purposes.
		Most lands reclaimed after coal mining are "invisible" - the land is returned to a condition matching or improving its original use.
		In reclaiming the property, the company implemented a transition from traditional chemical treatment of wastewater to exclusive use of passive treatment technology using anoxic lime drain, oxidation basins, and constructed wetlands.
	www.mii.org /reclcoal.html (2896 words)

	TransAlta :: SD Report 2002 :: Mine Reclamation
		Our objective is to reclaim and return land to a condition that will support the land uses that existed before mining.
		To date, we have reclaimed about 3,220 hectares (7,960 acres) that are used for a variety of purposes, including farming, recreation, wildlife conservation and commercial timber.
		Since 1995, we have leased about 2,100 hectares (5,300 acres) of reclaimed land to local producers for cattle grazing and growing crops such as barley, oats and canola.
	www.transalta.com /sd2002/enviro_performance/land_use/mine_reclamation.shtml (250 words)

	Mineral Information Institute - Reclamation Successes - BHP McCabe Mine
		That’s because most of the reclamation achieved by the coal industry is "invisible" — the land is returned to a condition matching or improving its original use.
		Reclaimed land benefits people in two ways: first, as a source of plentiful and reasonably priced coal energy; and second, as productive, attractive and useful areas providing utility and recreation once the mine site is restored.
		Reclaimed mine sites are returned to productive use in a variety of ways that will benefit generations to come.
	www.mii.org /coal/coal.html (500 words)

	U.S. TDA: Current Press Release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		To date, approximately 70 hectares of land have been reclaimed, which SOLIDERE plans to develop into a waterfront complex comprised of high-rise structures (commercial, office, hotel and residential space), a convention center, public parks and a marina.
		Forty percent of the 70 hectares already reclaimed is the former Normandy Landfill, and the rest consists of clean fill that has been constructed.
		Because this land poses certain commercial and technical challenges that must be investigated and analyzed, SOLIDERE has sought the expertise of Paul C. Rizzo Associates of Monroeville, Pennsylvania, to conduct a comprehensive feasibility study that examines these issues.
	www.tda.gov /trade/press/March7_03.html (374 words)

	The Hindu : Goshree: tenders to be opened today
		The Goshree Island Development Authority (GIDA) had sold 15 forms for the sale of the land reclaimed by it under the Goshree project till Monday, when the process of calling for tenders came to an end.
		The pre-bid meeting was organised to clear doubts regarding the bidding procedures in connection with the sale of the reclaimed land.
		The reclaimed land is near the Tatapuram factory of the HLL.
	www.hinduonnet.com /2004/03/30/stories/2004033012390300.htm (423 words)

	A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON FEASIBILITY OF USING TREATED WASTEWATER TO RECHARGE RECLAIMED LAND
		The land is being reclaimed by filling up the original seabed with graded gravel sand to depths exceeding 10m.
		This piece of land may be considered as an unconfined coastal aquifer with the possibility to be used for groundwater storage.
		With a centralised wastewater treatment plant to be built on a part of the reclaimed land, the possibility of using the treated wastewater to recharge this aquifer is attractive.
	www.iahr.org /e-library/beijing_proceedings/Theme_A/A%20PRELIMINARY%20STUDY%20ON%20FEASIBILITY.html (1448 words)

	AMCS - Notices - Dredging in Moreton Bay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The long term land use proposed for the reclaimed land area east of the Manly Harbour should be decided through open community consultation according to the Australian Marine Conservation Society, Moreton Bay Branch.
		The Society calls upon the State and Commonwealth governments to reject the application to dump contaminated mud on the reclaimed land and the EPA to commence a community consultation process to determine the long term land use of the reclaimed land in the public interest.
		The EPA gave approval on Wednesday to the Manly Harbour Boat Users Group to use the southern half of the reclaimed land as a waste treatment area where the sloppy sediment contaminated with heavy metals and chemicals such as tributyl tin, lead and arsenic will be de-watered over several years.
	www.amcs.org.au /NEWS/notices/dredgingMB.htm (1218 words)

	Reverting reclaimed land to waterways a success
		China announced Thursday that it had achieved initial success in the campaign to revert reclaimed land along the flood-prone middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the country's longest, to waterways.
		The campaign also calls for demolishing dikes to make way for discharged flooded water and displacing residents who used to live in homes built on the reclaimed land behind the dikes.
		With the campaign in full wing, Cai noted, the 6,300-km Yangtze River and Poyang and Dongting lakes that are situated on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze, have seen a rise of 13 billion cu m in their capacities of water regulating and storage.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /english/doc/2004-06/04/content_336635.htm (448 words)

	Powell River Project - Maximizing the Value of Forests on Reclaimed Mined Land
		These reclaimed lands varied in their quality and productivity, but reforestation was generally successful and commercially valuable forests were created.
		Reclaiming mined land for forestry is compelling because the productivity of forests and value of wood produced can be greater than that prior to mining.
		Based on our research on 78 reclaimed mined sites in Virginia, Kentucky, and West Virginia on which conventional reclamation procedures were used, we estimate that forest site quality has been reduced to an average value of site index 45 (Case II in Table 1) (Andrews et al., 1998).
	www.ext.vt.edu /pubs/mines/460-138/460-138.html (2200 words)

	TTonline - Trinidad and Tobago Online Community - reclaimed land
		The reclaimed land in Point I think is having an effect on the coastline in Icacos.
		when u have reclaimed land...it is susceptible to liquefaction which is the falling or in this case settling of land below sea level...once this happens the sea comes in and u have to build a sea wall and refill the land to once more be above sea level...
		One would expect that the land will be given time to settle before use...but we know that's not the case most of the time.
	ttonline.org /showthread.php?t=10108 (1292 words)

	NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TOPOGRAPHY CHANGE IN RECLAIMED LAND
		The longshore currents due to eddy viscosity is simulated by the model under uni-directional waves, which have been applied in erosion control of reclaimed land by headland breakwaters.
		In coastal reclaimed land, the topography change is based on suspended sediment transport and near-bed sediment transport.
		In the case of reclaimed land, East Coast of Singapore, bathymetry changes are measured before the carryout of constructing a system of headland breakwaters and in the consecutive years after construction of the breakwaters.
	www.iahr.org /e-library/beijing_proceedings/Theme_G/NUMERICAL%20SIMULATION%20OF%20TOPOGRAPHY%20CHANGE.html (1590 words)

	SUMMARY OF THE MINING INDUSTRY IN SOUTH DAKOTA - 1999
		Final Reclaimed Acres That Meet Post-Mine Land Use - Affected land reclaimed as of December 31, 1999, that has a permanent, self-sustaining vegetative cover which meets the requirements of the approved reclamation plan and meets the reclamation requirements of SDCL 45-6B and ARSD 74:29.
		Reclaimed Surface Mining Disturbed Acres - Pursuant to SDCL 45-6B-86, this includes all surface mining disturbed lands for which the operator has completed required grading, topsoil replacement, erosion and drainage control and any required planting and seeding that the department finds will later result in final reclamation.
		The released reclaimed acres statistics are included in the figures for total reclaimed acres.
	www.state.sd.us /DENR/DES/mining/1999minesum.html (4456 words)

	The Hindu : Kerala / Kochi News : GIDA says no promise was made on relaxing ceiling for reclaimed land
		KOCHI: The Goshree Islands Development Authority (GIDA), on Wednesday, told the Kerala High Court that at a pre-bid meeting for sale of reclaimed land at Marine Drive, no promise was made that those winning the tender would be given exemption from the ceiling on holdings fixed under the Kerala Land Reforms Act.
		The cancellation was on the ground of violation of Clause 10 of the tender conditions which stipulated that a bank guarantee for 20 per cent of the bid amount should be furnishedwithin 180 days of the tender being accepted.
		The petitioner did not insist at the pre-bid meeting that the notification exempting the land from the Act be issued prior to the date fixed for issuing bank guarantees.
	www.hindu.com /2005/05/26/stories/2005052616640300.htm (419 words)

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