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Topic: Recombinant DNA technology

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	genome.gov \| ONLINE Education Kit - First recombinant DNA
		Recombinant DNA technology involves the joining of DNA from different species and subsequently inserting the hybrid DNA into a host cell, often a bacterium.
		Stanley Cohen of Stanford and Herbert Boyer of UCSF applied for a patent on recombinant DNA technology in 1974; it was granted in 1980.
		Paul Berg, a biochemist at Stanford who was among the first to produce a recombinant DNA molecule in 1972, wrote a letter shortly afterwards, along with ten other researchers, to the journal Science.
	www.genome.gov /Pages/Education/Kit/main.cfm?pageid=6 (240 words)

	Genome Glossary
		DNA molecule originating from a virus, a plasmid, or the cell of a higher organism into which another DNA fragment of appropriate size can be integrated without loss of the vector's capacity for self-replication; vectors introduce foreign DNA into host cells, where the DNA can be reproduced in large quantities.
		DNA that is synthesized in the laboratory from a messenger RNA template.
		A subunit of DNA or RNA consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine in DNA; adenine, guanine, uracil, or cytosine in RNA), a phosphate molecule, and a sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA).
	www.ornl.gov /sci/techresources/Human_Genome/glossary/glossary.shtml (6574 words)

	Recombinant DNA Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		DNA molecules from two different sources are cut with the same restriction enzyme to form DNA molecules with "sticky" complementary single stranded ends;
		The recombinant DNA is constructed by mixing the two types of molecules so that their cohesive ends pair.
		DNA ligase then forms covalent 5'-3' phosphodiester bonds between the junctions of the two molecules.
	www.cbu.edu /~seisen/DNATech.htm (304 words)

	Recombinant DNA Technology
		DNA fragments that have been cut with REs can be separated based on their relative sizes by running them in a gel made of the polymer agarose, a jelly-like substance.
		DNA, which overall has a negative charge, is loaded into a well and current that runs from the negative to the positive poles is applied.
		The mixture is heated to separate the strands of double-stranded DNA containing the target sequence and then cooled to allow (1) the primers to find and bind to their complementary sequences on the separated strands and (2) the polymerase to extend the primers into new complementary strands.
	darwin.nmsu.edu /~molbio/mcb520/lecture2.html (2847 words)

	Recombinant DNA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Recombinant DNA technique was discovered by Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer in 1973, Nov 1973 publication of “Construction of Biologically Functional Bacterial Plasmids in vitro”, this paper described a technique to isolate and amplify genes, or DNA segments, and insert them into another cell with precision.
		Recombinant DNA technology was made possible by the discovery of restriction endonucleases by Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, and Hamilton Smith, for which they received the 1978 Nobel Prize in Medicine.
		Recombinant DNA is used for genetic transformation to produce genetically modified organisms.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Recombinant_DNA_technology (394 words)

	Plasmid Insertion
		This recombinant DNA stew is allowed to transform a bacterial culture, which is then exposed to antibiotics.
		All the cells except those which have been encoded by the plasmid DNA recombinant are killed, leaving a cell culture containing the desired recombinant DNA.
		DNA cloning allows a copy of any specific part of a DNA (or RNA) sequence to be selected among many others and produced in an unlimited amount.
	www.accessexcellence.org /AB/GG/plasmid.html (217 words)

	Chapter 8 A. Recombinant DNA Technology
		DNA was still thought to be the "master molecule," not to be violated by "unnatural" manipulation.
		Sequences of DNA in the gel lanes are read by a computerized fluorescence detection system that measures the intensity of light emission from each "band." The final output is a "trace" or "electrophoretogram" that plots the intensity of different color emissions vs. the length of the DNA being sequenced.
		DNA is first cut with restriction enzymes and the resulting double-stranded DNA fragments have an extended rod conformation without pre-treatment.
	biology.kenyon.edu /courses/biol114/Chap08/Chapter_08a.html (3035 words)

	Recombinant DNA Technology
		One common way is to isolate the plasmid DNA from several colonies, digest it with restriction enzymes that you know should cut the DNA at specific places, then run the DNA on an electrophoresis gel to see if the pieces are the proper sizes.
		DNA polymerase adds new bases to the 3' ends of the primers to create the new second strand.
		In each reaction, DNA polymerase starts creating the second strand; when it reaches a base for which some ddNTP is present, the chain will either terminate if a ddNTP is added, or continue if the corresponding dNTP is added.
	www.bios.niu.edu /johns/humgen/Recomb_DNA.htm (2028 words)

	Recombinant DNA Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Plasmid DNA or l genomic DNA is alkaline denatured (with NaOH followed by neutralizing with ammonium acetate) to ensure the ds DNA is converted to ss DNA strands.
		Re-association and the presence of protein contaminants in ds DNA preps reduce the efficiency of the sequencing reaction, both the length of sequence obtained and the quality of the sequencing ladder is often much poorer than that obtained with ss templates.
		The movement of DNA strands obeys the exponential function so that fragments are well separated at the +ve end of the gel but closely packed at the -ve end.
	bssv01.lancs.ac.uk /ADS/Bios335/335slide.html (2526 words)

	Recombinant DNA Technology: FierceBiotech (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology is a field of molecular biology in which scientists "edit" DNA to form new synthetic molecules, which are often referred to as "chimeras".
		At the Asilomar Conference in 1975, the leading recombinant DNA specialists came together in Monterey, California, and agreed upon the need for safeguards to prevent any health crises or ecological disasters, and to reassure the public that their research would proceed with caution.
		Recombinant DNA research is a challenging field, but it holds great promise for the future.
	www.fiercebiotech.com /topics/rDNA.asp (651 words)

	BIL 250 - Lecture 10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Recombinant DNA is made by splicing a DNA fragment of interest into a small, quickly replicating molecule (such as a bacterial plasmid).
		Recombinant DNA probes can be used in tissue cultures obtained via amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling to detect genetic abnormalities in human (or other species) fetuses.
		Recombinant DNA could be used for greater accuracy, since cloned probes of the normal gene could be used to detect abnormalities at the level of the DNA.
	www.bio.miami.edu /dana/250/25003_10.html (5557 words)

	Recombinant DNA technology in the synthesis of human insulin
		DNA strand with the specific nucleotide sequence for Insulin chain B. Source: Based on the diagram in Watson, J.D., Gilman, M., Witkovski, J., Zoller, M. - Recombinant DNA, pg 22.
		Unravelling strand of the DNA of chromosome 11, with the exposed nucleotides coding for the B chain of Insulin.
		Practical use of Recombinant DNA technology in the synthesis of human insulin requires millions of copies of the bacteria whose plasmid has been combined with the insulin gene in order to yield insulin.
	www.littletree.com.au /dna.htm (1903 words)

	Recombinant DNA technology definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Recombinant DNA technology: A series of procedures used to join together (recombine) DNA segments.
		A recombinant DNA molecule is constructed (recombined) from segments from 2 or more different DNA molecules.
		Under certain conditions, a recombinant DNA molecule can enter a cell and replicate there, autonomously (on its own) or after it has become integrated into a chromosome.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5247 (157 words)

	Fertility LifeLines™ - Recombinant DNA Technologies
		Injectible medications known as gonadotropins are used in specialized fertility treatments such as Ovulation Induction (OI) and advanced reproductive technologies (ART).
		Two types of injectibles are available: those that use hormones derived from human urine (urine-derived products) and those that use hormones manufactured using biotechnology (recombinant products).
		Recombinant products come from one, well-established source, resulting in consistent and extremely pure medications.
	www.fertilitylifelines.com /serono/recombinant_dna.jsp (343 words)

	The Gene School - Gene Splicing
		Once it finds that sequence in a strand of DNA, it attacks it and splits the base pairs apart, leaving single helix strands at the end of two double helixes.
		The insulin-producing genes from human DNA are spliced into plasmid DNA; the plasmids are then allowed to infect bacteria, and, as the bacteria multiply, large amounts of harvestable insulin are produced.
		At the University of Pittsburgh, therapeutic DNA that blocks the production of a specific protein (IL-1) that causes arthritis pain was injected into two of her knuckles.
	library.thinkquest.org /19037/therapy2.html (284 words)

	Recombinant DNA Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A main objective of recombinant DNA technology is to take advantage of naturally occuring enzymes and vectors to isolate and characterize sequences of DNA that code for important genes and other unique portions of the genome.
		Using recombinant DNA techniques, allows one to isolate sufficient quantities of material (DNA) to sequence and analyze.
		Recombinant DNA is a product of "cutting and pasting" DNA and vector together with specific endonucleases and DNA ligases.
	www.runet.edu /~rsheehy/genetics/lectures/recombinant.html (496 words)

	CBBC Newsround \| SCI TECH \| Scientists complete DNA 'Book of Life'
		The 50-year project decodes all the tiny bits that the human body is made up of - called the human genome or DNA - but it's been completed two years ahead of schedule.
		Within the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule are 2.9 billion chemical "letters" and certain lists of the letters - in groups of four - make up genes.
		A rough draft of the genome was published less than three years ago, and since then there's been a race to finish the job.
	news.bbc.co.uk /cbbcnews/hi/sci_tech/newsid_2946000/2946419.stm (213 words)

	NYU \| Department of Biology \| Graduate \| MS Programs \| Recombinant DNA Technology
		This M.S. degree program is designed to meet the needs of students with varied academic background who desire to develop significant experience in recombinant DNA.
		Applicants with training in other areas who have a special interest in recombinant DNA technology will be considered for admission.
		In the Spring semester students perform functional studies of the protein encoded by the gene (analysis of a transcription factor, for example).
	www.nyu.edu /fas/dept/biology/graduate/dnatech.html (330 words)

	Glossary: Recombinant DNA technology
		The laboratory manipulation of DNA in which DNA, or fragments of DNA from different sources, are cut and recombined using enzymes.
		This recombinant DNA is then inserted into a living organism.
		An organism manipulated using recombinant DNA techniques is called a genetically modified organism (GMO).
	www.greenfacts.org /glossary/pqrs/recombinant-dna-technology.htm (97 words)

	Follistim®, first follicle stimulating hormone produced by recombinant DNA technology FSH launched in Japan
		The introduction of Follistim® means that women and their doctors in Japan now have at their disposal a modern fertility treatment in a ready-to-use solution that has been shown in trials to generate a high number of eggs for fertilization.
		Follistim®, produced genetically from laboratory cell lines, by recombinant DNA technology, offers an improved quality profile.
		Follistim® / Puregon® is recombinant FSH, a highly effective and widely used prescription fertility medication made from state of the art recombinant DNA technology.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=28754 (690 words)

	Applications Of Recombinant Dna Technology - Free animation software
		Moreover the use of recombinant dna technology will help to improve human health and increase crop productivity in agriculture.
		Agrobacterium tumefaciens It is the process of engineering dna from several different sources to be used for many advances for medical purposes.
		The nih initially charged the rac with developing a set of nih guidelines that would govern the safe conduct of recombinant dna technology.
	www.westcodesoft.com /applications-of-recombinant-dna-technology.html (179 words)

	Biology 572 Recombinant DNA Techniques, Cal State Northridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		DNA Joining (at the old school) problem set is due Wednesday.
		DNA Joining (at the new school) problem set is due Wednesday.
		Course objectives: Students will understand key issues in recombinant DNA techniques, and be technically proficient in laboratory research, with minimal support.
	www.escience.ws /b572/syllabus.html (654 words)

	Recombinant DNA Tutorials
		Understand how the principles of electrophoresis can be used to separate DNA molecules of different sizes.
		Construct a standard curve from size standards run in an electrophoresis gel and estimate the sizes of unknown DNA fragments using a standard curve.
		Construct a restriction map based on DNA fragment data from a gel.
	biog-101-104.bio.cornell.edu /BioG101_104/tutorials/recomb_DNA.html (93 words)

	Recombinant DNA Technology
		Recombinant DNA technology has evolved from a specialty into a integral part of the research strategy for programs that transcend the various disciplines within both basic and clinical research.
		Recombinant DNA technology thus has brought a new precision to the process of crop development, which traditionally selects desired traits through crosses between crops and their wild relatives (a >>
		The Recombinant DNA Debate Hong Lim Oei, Ph.D. ISBN: 1-57420-050-X $24.95 Technology is a driving factor in worldwide economic growth.
	www.dnalabtesting.com /dna/recombinantdnatechnology (1211 words)

	About Recombinant DNA and Gene Therapy
		These guidelines, now known as the NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules (NIH Guidelines), were first published in 1976 and have evolved over time, with ample scientific and public input, to reflect new technical developments and current scientific understanding.
		While compliance with the NIH Guidelines is mandatory for investigators at institutions receiving NIH funds for research involving recombinant DNA, they have become a universal standard for safe scientific practice in this area of research and are followed voluntarily by many companies and other institutions not otherwise subject to their requirements.
		The NIH also consults the RAC for advice concerning various advances in recombinant DNA technology, as well as ethical and safety considerations associated with novel or possibly risky forms of recombinant DNA research.
	www4.od.nih.gov /oba/rac/aboutrdagt.htm (489 words)

	recombinant dna technology - OneLook Dictionary Search
		DNA technology, recombinant, Recombinant DNA technology, Technology, recombinant DNA : MedTerms.com Medical Dictionary [home, info]
		Recombinant DNA technology : Genome Glossary [home, info]
		Recombinant DNA technology : Pest Management Glossary [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=recombinant+dna+technology (214 words)

	RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
		Biotechnology: Generally used to define all industrial applications of biological systems or processes but increasingly become identified in the mind of the public as the industrial application of genetic engineering.
		Generation of DNA and RNA sequences as research tools or in medical diagnosis
		DNA fragments are joined end to end to produce recombinant DNA with ligase
	www.uark.edu /campus-resources/mivey/micro/reco.html (186 words)

	Background Information
		While antibiotic resistance is becoming an increasingly important problem medically, it is a useful marker in Recombinant DNA technology.
		Any DNA not recognized as self is digested into smaller pieces by the Restriction Enzymes.
		But if you start with a linear piece of chromosomal bacterial DNA that is 5,000 kb long (5 million base pairs) and digest it with a 6-cutter like Eco RI, statistically you would expect to end up with roughly 1221 individual fragments (5,000,000 divided by 4,096), and realistically, that number will be pretty close.
	www.life.uiuc.edu /molbio/background/background.html (789 words)

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