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	Reconstruction Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		And be it further enacted, That the General of the army of the United Sates shall be invested with all the powers of suspension, removal, appointment, and detail granted in the preceding section to district commanders.
		And be it further enacted, That section four of said last-named act shall be construed to authorize the commanding general named therein, whenever he shall deem it needful, to remove any member of a board of registration and to appoint another in his stead, and to fill any vacancy in such board.
		And be it further enacted, That all the provisions of this act and of the acts to which this is supplementary shall be construed liberally, to the end that all intents thereof may be fully and perfectly carried out.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reconstruction_Act (686 words)

	Reconstruction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The end of Reconstruction marked the beginning of a period, 1877–1900, that saw the steady reduction of many civil and political rights for African-Americans, and ushered in the nadir of American race relations.
		As one scholar notes, for the Dunning School, "Reconstruction was a battle between two extremes: the Democrats, as the group which included the vast majority of the whites, standing for decent government and racial supremacy, versus the Republicans, the Negroes, alien carpetbaggers, and renegade scalawags, standing for dishonest government and alien ideals.
		Reconstruction: The Second Civil War 2004 PBS film and transcript connecting the replacement of Civil Rights with segregation at the end of 19th century Reconstruction with 1960s Civil Rights Movement.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reconstruction (7944 words)

	Reconstruction - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Civil Rights Act (Apr. 9, 1866), designed to protect African Americans from legislation such as the fl codes, and the Freedmen's Bureau Bill (July 16), extending the life of that organization (see Freedmen's Bureau), were both passed over Johnson's veto.
		On Mar. 2, 1867, Congress enacted the Reconstruction Act, which, supplemented later by three related acts, divided the South (except Tennessee) into five military districts in which the authority of the army commander was supreme.
		Reconstruction was portrayed as a tragic era during which vindictive, scheming, radical Republicans imposed harsh military rule on a vanquished South and supported corrupt state governments dominated by unscrupulous carpetbaggers, scalawags, and uneducated freedmen.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-reconstr.html (1704 words)

	Reconstruction Timeline
		Act to Enforce Fourteenth Amendment (Ku Klux Klan Act).
		Pinchback, acting governor of Louisiana from December 9, 1872 to January 13, 1873.
		The election of Hampton, a leader in the Confederacy, confirms fears that the South is not committed to Reconstruction.
	chnm.gmu.edu /courses/122/recon/chron.html (527 words)

	[No title]
		An Act supplementary to an act entitled "An Act to provide for the more efficient government of the rebel states," passed on the second day of March, 1867, and the act supplementary thereto, passed on the 23d day of March, 1867.
		That section four of said last-named act shall be construed to authorize the commanding general named therein, whenever he shall deem it needful, to remove any member of a board of registration and to appoint another in his stead, and to fill any vacancy in such board.
		That all the provisions of this act and of the acts to which this is supplementary shall be construed liberally, to the end that all the intents thereof may be fully and perfectly carried out.
	www.etsu.edu /cas/history/docs/ReconstructionActs1867.htm (366 words)

	New Georgia Encyclopedia: Reconstruction in Georgia
		Following Governor Johnson's directive (and President Johnson's Reconstruction plan), elections were held for delegates to a constitutional convention that met in late October 1865 in the capital at Milledgeville.
		That month proved momentous in Georgia Reconstruction: the newly elected General Assembly ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, Republican governor Bullock was inaugurated to a four-year term, and Georgia was readmitted to the Union.
		By 1877, when the final remnants of Reconstruction ended elsewhere in the South as a consequence of the disputed presidential election of 1876 and the removal of federal troops, much had changed in Georgia.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2533 (3429 words)

	Reconstruction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the history of the United States Reconstruction was the period after the American Civil War when the southern states of the Confederacy which had seceded from the United States were reintegrated into the Union.
		After solid Republican gains in the midterm elections the Reconstruction Act was passed on March 2 1867 ; the last on March 11 1868.
		Another consequence of Reconstruction was that a number of white Southerners migrated to the border states to escape the effects of the this caused white Southern culture to implant flourish in these states especially in Kentucky (many also moved to Tennessee as the latter state did not Reconstruction despite having seceded).
	www.freeglossary.com /Reconstruction (1345 words)

	Reconstruction — FactMonster.com
		Reconstruction: The Reconstruction Acts - The Reconstruction Acts On Mar. 2, 1867, Congress enacted the Reconstruction Act, which,...
		Reconstruction: Bibliography - Bibliography The literature on the Reconstruction is extensive and has shown sharp changes in...
		Reconstruction: Early Congressional Legislation - Early Congressional Legislation An outraged Northern public believed that the fruits of victory...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0841309.html (190 words)

	Slavery Timeline
		In early 1864 the governments of Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee are reconstructed under Lincoln’s "Ten Percent Plan." Radical Republicans are shocked at the policy’s leniency, so Congress refuses to recognize the governments or seat their elected federal representatives.
		Congress passes the Freedmen’s Bureau Act, which extends the temporary agency’s life indefinitely and gives the military the responsibility of protecting the civil rights of fl Americans in the former Confederate states.
		President Grant, acting under the authority of the Ku Klux Klan Act, imposes martial law and suspends the writ of habeas corpus in South Carolina.
	blackhistory.harpweek.com /4Reconstruction/ReconTimeline.htm (1617 words)

	SSC - TEKS and TAKS - TEKS Glossary - R
		In 1866 and 1867 the radical approach to Reconstruction gained support and Congress was able to pass the Reconstruction Act of 1867.
		Radical Reconstruction gained support and Congress was able to pass the Reconstruction Act of 1867.
		Reconstruction ended when President Rutherford B. Hayes passed the Compromise of 1877 which removed the last of the federal troops from the South.
	www.tea.state.tx.us /ssc/teks_and_taas/teks/glossR.htm (2732 words)

	Reconstruction
		Congress therefore passed a supplementary Reconstruction Act on 23rd March that authorized the military commanders to supervise elections and generally to provide the machinery for constituting new governments.
		Once again Andrew Johnson vetoed the act on the grounds that it interfered with the right of the American citizen to "be left to the free exercise of his own judgment when he is engaged in the work of forming the fundamental law under which he is to live."
		The first two Reconstruction Act were followed by a series of supplementary acts that authorized the military commanders to register the voters and supervise the elections.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USASreconstruction.htm (1622 words)

	Reconstruction
		Although the exact dates demarcating Reconstruction are not universally agreed upon, Eric Foner indicates the years 1863 to 1877: the period from the Emancipation Proclamation to the year that the ideal of Reconstruction to protect the fundamental rights of all citizens gave way to southern "Redemption" and "home rule," the equivalent to white rule.
		Current scholarship depicts Reconstruction as a critical period in the development of post-Civil War political, economic and social relations in the United States and as a struggle in which African Americans played a significant role.
		Over time, historians have characterized the Reconstruction era as "tragic," "conservative," and a "failure." In the early twentieth century this period was portrayed as "tragic" by the racist assumptions of historians who declared that a "monstrous" mistake was made by northern Republicans granting political privileges to an inferior race.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/reconstruction.htm (684 words)

	The Radical Republicans and Reconstruction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Congress than passed the Reconstruction Act, which prohibited these states from participating in Congress until they passed the measure and revised their own state constitutions.
		Passage of this amendment and the Reconstruction Act met with violent opposition.
		In 1870, another Civil Rights Act was passed, and was immediately followed by the 15th Amendment - "the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color or previous conditions of servitude."
	www.csusm.edu /Black_Excellence/documents/pg-r-reconstruction.html (809 words)

	SparkNotes: SAT U.S. History: Reconstruction
		To give the Civil Rights Act constitutional protection, Congress passed the Fourteenth Amendment in 1866, which declared all persons born or naturalized in the United States to be citizens of their states and of the nation, and prohibited states from denying citizens equal protection and due process of the law.
		Under the stringent terms of congressional Reconstruction, ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment was made a condition of readmission to the Union.
		Reconstruction died in January 1877, after the Hayes-Tilden Compromise removed troops from the last two occupied states in the South and allowed Democrats in those states to take control of the legislature.
	www.sparknotes.com /testprep/books/sat2/history/chapter11section3.rhtml (2570 words)

	Reconstruction (1865-1877) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Reconstruction failed to alter the South's social structure or its distribution of wealth and power which disadvantaged African-Americans.
		Reconstruction left significant legacies, including the 14th and 15th amendments which would be used 100 years later to protect minority rights.
		Reconstruction left significant legacies, including the 14th and 15th amendments which remain as symbols of the democratic idealism that swept Congress in the 1860s
	www.ilstu.edu /class/hist136/lectures/reconst.html (170 words)

	Civil War: Reconstruction
		The case against "radical" Reconstruction: The focus of Reconstruction should not be on punishing the South, but on uniting and healing the nation.
		To ensure that their Reconstruction plan were carried out, the Radical Republicans proposed greater federal intervention in the South to oversee the process.
		Johnson urged states not to ratify the act, which he saw as a violation of states' rights.
	www.philwrites.com /H_reconstruction.htm (5370 words)

	From 1865 MT
		Southern Republicans helped reconstruct the South by repealing the Black Codes enforcing labor discipline, introducing new taxation programs to force planters to pay their fair share of taxes and place uncultivated land on the market, supervising the rebuilding of the region's railroads.
		In response to Congress's Reconstruction programs, most former slave owners sponsored terrorism against people and property in the South, secured the return of former Confederates to the rolls of registered voters, and appealed to poorer whites on the basis of racial solidarity and southern patriotism.
		In the Reconstruction South the Ku Klux Klan by 1870 was operating as a military force serving the Democratic Party.
	www.garyrutledge.com /AmHistory/StudyGuides/Fr1865MT.htm (8689 words)

	Homestead Act: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Homestead Act led to the distribution of 80 million acres of public land by 1900.
		The House of Representatives passed the Homestead Act by a vote of 107 to 16 on February 28, 1862.
		The Senate passed this act by a vote of 33 to 7 on May 6, 1862.
	www.loc.gov /rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Homestead.html (410 words)

	Morrill Act: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Officially titled "An Act Donating Public Lands to the Several States and Territories which may provide Colleges for the Benefit of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts," the Morrill Act provided each state with 30,000 acres of Federal land for each member in their Congressional delegation.
		The Senate passed the Morrill Act by a vote of 32 to 7 on June 10, 1862.
		The House of Representatives passed this act by a vote of 90 to 25 on June 17, 1862.
	www.loc.gov /rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Morrill.html (441 words)

	Before The Voting Rights Act
		Shortly after the end of the Civil War Congress enacted the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867, which allowed former Confederate States to be readmitted to the Union if they adopted new state constitutions that permitted universal male suffrage.
		Congress then enacted the Enforcement Act of 1870, which contained criminal penalties for interference with the right to vote, and the Force Act of 1871, which provided for federal election oversight.
		The 1957 Act created the Civil Rights Division within the Department of Justice and the Commission on Civil Rights; the Attorney General was given authority to intervene in and institute lawsuits seeking injunctive relief against violations of the 15th Amendment.
	www.usdoj.gov /crt/voting/intro/intro_a.htm (996 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Outlines: American History (1994): Chapter Six: Radical Reconstruction (13/15)
		In the Reconstruction Act of March 1867, Congress, ignoring the governments that had been established in the Southern states, divided the South into five districts and placed them under military rule.
		The most serious legal charge his enemies could level against him was that despite the Tenure of Office Act (which required Senate approval for the removal of any officeholder the Senate had previously confirmed), he had removed from his Cabinet the secretary of war, a staunch supporter of the Congress.
		In many of these seven reconstructed states, the majority of the governors, representatives and senators were Northern men -- so-called "carpetbaggers" -- who had gone South after the war to make their political fortunes, often in alliance with newly freed African Americans.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/H/1994/ch6_p13.htm (690 words)

	Military Rule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Rejecting the lenient reconstruction measures initiated by Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, the U.S. Congress, under the control of the Radical Republicans, passed the punitive Reconstruction Act of 1867 on March 7, over Johnson's veto.
		This act sought to rebuild the governments of the Southern states in the Northern mold and ensure the civil rights of the freed fls.
		The fourth district, comprising Mississippi and Arkansas, was commanded by Gen. Edward Ord, and in the fifth, Texas and Louisiana came under the control of Gen. Philip H. Sheridan.
	civilwar.bluegrass.net /AftermathAndReconstruction/militaryrule.html (351 words)

	SparkNotes: Reconstruction (1865–1877): Radical Reconstruction: 1867–1877
		Radical Republicans hoped that by declaring martial law in the South and passing the Second Reconstruction Act, they would be able to create a Republican political base in the seceded states to facilitate their plans for Radical Reconstruction.
		In addition to the Reconstruction Acts, Congress also passed a series of bills in 1867 to limit President Johnson’s power, one of which was the Tenure of Office Act.
		Although the act applied to all officeholders whose appointment required congressional approval, Republicans were specifically aiming to keep Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton in office, because Stanton was the Republicans’ conduit for controlling the U.S. military.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/american/reconstruction/section3.rhtml (1609 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		Finally, in an action that fueled controversy through the rest of Reconstruction, they validated all laws of the state government during the war that were not in conflict with the United States Constitution, the state constitution prior to secession, or proclamations of the provisional governor.
		An enabling act allowing the governor to appoint district attorneys, county treasurers and surveyors, cattle and hide inspectors, public cotton weighers, and mayors and aldermen, and to fill other vacancies until regularly scheduled elections, was considered another dangerous appropriation of power.
		Although the exact number of arrivals during Reconstruction is not known, the state Bureau of Immigration estimated that in 1873 as many as 125,000 people arrived, over 100,000 of these being from older Southern states.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/RR/mzr1.html (6192 words)

	ACT Situation Report: Indonesia; June 21, 2005
		Donor countries summit on Nias reconstruction: ACT Medan office staff, CWS and YTB attended the donor countries summit on Nias reconstruction in Medan at the invitation of the governor.
		ACT and its members should study and consider adjusting their plans to others’ proposals and coordinate more with others who are participating in the Nias rehabilitation and reconstruction.
		Hannele Kankuri, the ACT national coordinator met with the directors of CWS, YEU and YTB-I to discuss coordination issues at the Jakarta level.
	act-intl.org /news/dt_nr_2005/sitrepindonesia2005.html (1763 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		A Second Reconstruction Act of March 23 added procedural details, particularly regarding voter registration, and required that a majority of a state's voters approve the holding of a convention.
		And a Third Reconstruction Act of July 19 further clarified procedure and empowered district commanders such as Sheridan to remove state officials impeding Reconstruction.
		These acts of 1867-representing to some extent a collusion of Republican congressional leaders and the War Department-plus other influences such as violence and racial hostility provided the context within which the commanders of the Fifth Military District and other districts operated.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/FF/qzf1.html (795 words)

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