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Topic: Reconstruction archaeology

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	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Archaeology - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Archaeology (or Archeology) is the study of human activity, primarily through the study of its material remains.
		The next major figure in the development of archaeology in the UK was Mortimer Wheeler, whose highly disciplined approach to excavation and systematic coverage of much of the country in the 1920s and 1930s brought the science on swiftly.
		It was now possible to study archaeology as a subject in universities and even schools, and by the end of the 20th century nearly all professional archaeologists, at least in developed countries, were graduates.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ar/Archaeology (1657 words)

	Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Archaeology (or archeology) is the study of human cultures through the analysis of material remains (such as architecture, artifacts, biofacts, the human body, landscapes).
		Archaeology is the primary means for reconstructing the human past when there is no written record (generally, more than 5,000 years ago), when the written record is incomplete, or when the written record is biased.
		Some major (although not exhaustive) goals of archaeology are to document and reconstruct cultural systems, define and interpret the use and meaning of past material culture and technology, explain cultural change and cultural evolution, and explore the relationship between cultural systems, landscapes, and natural environments and other organisms.
	www.enlightenweb.net /a/ar/archaeology.html (2073 words)

	Archaeology - Internet-Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Archaeology (or archeology) is the scientific study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes.
		Post-medieval archaeology is the study of material culture in Europe from the sixteenth century onwards.
		Urban archaeology necessitated a new approach as centuries of human occupation had created deep layers of stratigraphy which could often only be seen through the keyholes of individual building plots.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.com /ie/a/ar/archaeology.html (6116 words)

	Reconstruction archaeology
		Reconstruction archaeology is a term sometimes used for the increasingly popular practice of attempting to shed light on the past by re-enacting history or reconstructing objects (such as weapons, buildings, etc).
		At Vindolanda on Hadrian's Wall, a reconstruction of part of the wall was carried out in limited time by local volunteers.
		Greek triremes have been reconstructed by skilled sailors from plans and archaeological remains and have been successfully tried out at sea.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/re/Reconstruction_archaeology.html (169 words)

	[No title]
		Reconstruction of life in the past is the main goal of archeology.
		The data collected by the archeologists are still used to refine chronology, for the reconstruction of daily life in the past, but also to define the cultural future of a city or region.
		The archeologists of the future are responsible as they always have been for the reconstruction of the past, a new dimension will be their involvement in planning the future landscape of the regions or cities their sites are located in.
	almashriq.hiof.no /lebanon/900/930/930.1/beirut/reconstruction/archaeology-of-future.html (990 words)

	Experimental archaeology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Experimental archaeology is the attempt to recreate or use ancient structures or artifacts in order to learn more about ancient technology based on (primarily) archaeological source material.
		Other types of experimental archaeology may involve burying modern replica artefacts and ecofacts for varying lengths of time to analyse the post-depositional effects on them.
		The work of Flintknappers is also a kind of experimental archaeology as much has been learnt about the many different types of flint tools through the hands-on approach of actually making them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reconstruction_archaeology (486 words)

	Elementary Themes: Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Archaeology is the scientific study of the human past, through excavation and related research.
		Archaeology is the study of the human past.
		The purpose of archaeology is to understand how humans in the past interacted with their environment, and to preserve this history for present and future learning.
	www.cdli.ca /CITE/arch.htm (336 words)

	Reconstruction archaeology
		Greek trireme s have been reconstructed by skilled sailors from plans and archaeological remains and have been successfully tried out at sea.
		Reconstructions of early cosmetics, perfumes and implements used to transform a modern woman into a Roman fashion victim.
		Scottish Crannog Centre - A reconstruction of a lochside dwelling over 2,500 years old was built by the Scottish Trust for Underwater Archaeology at Loch Tay.
	www.nebulasearch.com /encyclopedia/article/Reconstruction_archaeology.html (740 words)

	Archaeology
		Reconstruction - the act or process of reproducing by new construction the exact form and detail of a vanished building, structure, or object, or any part thereof, as it appeared at a specific period of time.
		Restoration – the act or process of accurately recovering the form and details of a property and its setting as it appeared at a particular period of time by means of the removal of later work or by the replacement of missing earlier work.
		Many people that deal in forensics look at it as if it’s a "scientific art." Reconstructions will never give us 100 percent true to life portraits but they are highly accurate in many cases and are important as well as powerful instruments for bringing the past to the present.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/archaeology/archaeology/reconstruction.html (710 words)

	Reconstruction archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Reconstruction archaeology is a term sometimes used for theincreasingly popular practice of attempting to shed light on the past by re-enacting history or reconstructing objects (such asweapons, buildings, etc).
		At Vindolanda on Hadrian's Wall, a reconstruction of part of the wall was carried out in limited time by localvolunteers.
		Historical reenactment such as battle reenactment,"living history", etc, may be regarded as another form of reconstruction archaeology.
	www.therfcc.org /reconstruction-archaeology-841.html (160 words)

	Digital Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Reconstruction shows all the phases of house construction, were it is possible to walk through the house in real-time.
		This will move Archaeology closer to general public and allow them to expand their knowledge in human history interactively.
		Reconstruction is done according to Vasic's old plans, drawings and journals.
	www.online-archaeology.com (658 words)

	3D FACIAL RECONSTRUCTION
		Forensic facial reconstruction serves as a case in point, but surveying and reconstruction and modelling and animation of accident or crime scenes are other fields in which 3D computerised methods are gradually being adopted.
		Exhibitions of reconstructions have also proved popular at Jorvik in York (where facial imaging techniques are used) and at the Museum nan Eilean, Stornoway (MacLeod and Cowie 1996).
		Facial reconstructions are inherently inaccurate, therefore, and cannot be used as a positive proof of identification — certainly not in a court of law.
	www.shef.ac.uk /assem/1/evison.html (1891 words)

	Publications in (Digital) Archaeology: Shape reconstruction & modelling of sherds
		We propose a method for the automatic reconstruction of a model based on the geometry of its parts, which may be computer-generated models or range-scanned models.
		Reconstruction of archaeological monuments from fragments found at archaeological sites is a tedious task requiring many hours of work from archaeologists and restoration personnel.
		Existing algorithms focus on the reconstruction of vases and rely either on classification of certain qualitative features of the fragments, as in Sablatnig et al., or on a comparison of the broken surface boundary curves to match and align the vase pieces.
	www.lems.brown.edu /vision/people/leymarie/Refs/Archa/Sherds.html (1717 words)

	Mission San Luis @ Florida OCHP
		Drawing on years of archaeological and historical research, the mission church was the first public building reconstructed on San Luis's central plaza.
		Both of these structures were located on the central plaza and have been reconstructed exactly where they were found.
		The council house was the focus of daily life among the Apalachee, and was the site of most of their political, administrative and ceremonial activities.
	www.flheritage.com /archaeology/sanluis/reconstruction (763 words)

	Barcelo, Forte, and Sanders - Virtual Reality in Archaeology - Introduction
		In particular, the multimedia navigation is based on the 3D reconstruction of the landscape, with the introduction of tools to show 3D reconstructed models interactively by addition or removal.
		The authors have projected the first virtual 3D reconstruction of the castle, starting from the architectural aspects of the monument (plans, sections, views), analysing and comparing the historical sources, and studying the volumes in order to make detailed three-dimensional models of the monument through time in the four periods of building.
		To date, the catalyst for visualisation in archaeology has not been the search for improved techniques for discovering new knowledge but rather for improved ways for presenting existing knowledge to the public (Miller and Richards 1994), but in the next years we look forward to new applications in many different domains.
	www.learningsites.com /Support_pages/BFS_VRinA_intro.html (3907 words)

	Experimental Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is a way to learn ancient technology by reconstructing an object based on (primarily) archaeological source material.
		Full-scale replicas and reconstructions are built for various reasons, e.g.
		Reconstructions are often made life-size using more or less authentic material.
	www.abc.se /~m10354/bld/exp-arch.htm (174 words)

	Reconstruction Archaeology at the Silvas-McCoy Site
		Although we have recorded over 20 of these features to date, we have not been able to trace the outline of a specific building, or establish with certainty that the postholes are contemporary with the adobe foundations.
		At the heart of the issue is the fact that it was the McCoy House, and not the earlier buildings, that was identified for reconstruction in the Old Town San Diego General Plan, approved in 1977 (California Department of Parks and Recreation 1977).
		Critics of the McCoy House reconstruction point out that the General Plan is 20 years old, and argue that its conclusions no longer reflect the needs of the communities they represent.
	www.parks.ca.gov /?page_id=23584 (1806 words)

	What the SCA Is Not
		Reconstructing an historical artifact and finding that it doesn't work constitutes proof that you've reconstructed or used it incorrectly.
		But reconstructing an historical artifact and finding that it does work does not prove that you've done it correctly; at best, it constitutes proof that "it could have been done this way".
		article on experiment in archaeology by the director of an Iron Age farm in England, pointing out some requisites for a program of experimental archaeology to be academically respectable.
	www.ostgardr.org /terminology.html (1040 words)

	Beirut - Archaeology
		urban archaeology '94, excavations of the souk area beirut.
		again, beirut is undergoing comprehensive reconstruction in the area of the old city.
		it is also felt that while previous reconstructions of the city, left the remains of demolition intact in the earth, the present round of construction is not so sensitive.
	almashriq.hiof.no /lebanon/900/930/930.1/beirut/reconstruction (696 words)

	J. Richard Steffy - Research & Experience
		Present research centers on the origins of formal naval architecture, the study of ancient and early medieval ship construction and repair, and the development of databases and graphic systems to date, identify, and analyze shipwrecks of all periods.
		The Reconstruction of the 11th-century Serçe Liman Vessel.
		The Reconstruction of the Eleventh-Century Serçe Liman Vessel.
	nautarch.tamu.edu /SHIPLAB/steffyvita.htm (1559 words)

	The Goals of Archaeology
		The goals of archaeology seem like they could be very ambiguous and subjective, but they are indeed not.
		They are the establishment of a chronological framework, a reconstruction of past lifeways, and a study of the processes of change in the past (Goals of Archaeology).
		“Classical archaeology traces its origins back to one of the first archeological theoreticians, Johannes Winckelmann, and was on the front line of general cultural debates in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
	www.nd.edu /~ikuijt/anth301/general_public/a1g6/a1g6.html (851 words)

	Stewart: Seminar in Environmental Archaeology, 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This course is a survey of the various perspectives, disciplines, and techniques used in conjunction with archaeology to understand the environmental context of ancient cultures, human ecology, and the nature of the archaeological record itself.
		Issues and themes that are woven throughout the course include: environmental reconstruction, site formation processes, deposit dating, subsistence strategies, nutrition and health, carrying capacity and cultural perceptions of the environment, settlement patterns, human impact on the environment, and the environmental basis of social complexity.
		Boddington, A., A.N. Garland and R.C. Janaway 1987 Death, Decay and Reconstruction: Approaches to Archaeology and Forensic Science.
	dizzy.library.arizona.edu /ej/jpe/anthenv/docs/16.html (3867 words)

	Experimental archaeology and education: Links in North America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		With reconstruction of the church and The Council and Chiefs
		With a Replica of a Cherokee farm house.
		Reconstruction of one-quarter of the original - 1744 - town and
	www.exarc.net /links/countries/North_America.htm (429 words)

	Digital Archaology \| Start
		Virtual reconstruction, visualization, simulation and 3d-animation on a highly professional level for museums, exhibitions, video and TV-broadcasting.
		Presenting archaeology and building history in a graphically vivid and exciting way is our main focus, and therefore we are able to communicatively link knowledge and information in a memorable way.
		We provide support for scientific work, offer consultation services in choosing the right type of media and design and carry out your project from its initial conception through completion, no matter what type of media — be it print media, film or interactive multimedia.
	www.digital-archaeology.com (142 words)

	Introduction to Archaeology: Archaeological Interpretation and Reconstruction
		The council house is now reconstructed and wonderful to visit because you can see the huge circular building with the very tall thatched roof in downtown Tallahassee.
		We can do settlement pattern archaeology and see how different kinds of sites, say, camps and villages, are arranged across the landscape, and cultural ecology, relating the cultural behavior to the kinds of natural (and even social) environments the sites are in.
		We know from ethnographic analogy and archaeology that the Maya gave great importance to the planet Venus, which guided many of their rituals and other activities; recent deciphering of the written texts now confirm this.
	www.indiana.edu /~arch/saa/matrix/ia/ia03_mod_08.html (3698 words)

	Hnefatafl: An Experimental Reconstruction
		An experimental reconstruction of this game was undertaken in an attempt to understand further the culture that produced it by understanding how at least part of their leisure time was spent.
		While all of these sources are valuable and will be used later to attempt the reconstruction none of them is enough to allow us to understand the basic rules of the game.
		This method of archaeological reconstruction has some problems which should be mentioned at this time.
	www.treheima.ca /viking/tafl.htm (4737 words)

	ARCHAVE
		CAA 2000: Computing Archaeology for Understanding the Past; Ljubljana, Slovenia; April 2000.
		The Archave Project was produced in The Shape Lab.
		The ARCHAVE Project represents a collaboration at Brown University between the Department of Computer Science, The Department of Engineering and the Department of Archaeology.
	www.lems.brown.edu /~vote (343 words)

	Anthropology and Archaeology: 2.2 - Introduction to Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Anthropology and Archaeology: 2.2 - Introduction to Archaeology
		Survey of major techniques and methods of archaeology.
		Reconstruction of social and subsistence patterns from material remains.
	www.brooklyn.cuny.edu /bc/courses/ug/anthr/0022.htm (83 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ethology and especially proxemic is able to give new possibility for reconstruction of social structure of the Paleolithic and Neolithic societies.
		Human environmental behaviour has invariable forms, wich are the same as for the recent and ancient people.
		The structure of primary and secondary territories of the modelling society (local small human group) is described: spatial prepositions of principal zones in the primary territory (society hearth, warehouses, dining-room, lavatory place, living zone), the relation of the secondary territory to the primary territory, and the frontieral terms (stones, landscape orientires).
	sati.archaeology.nsc.ru /gen-i/Editions/Methodical/Methods/94/ch3.htm (113 words)

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