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Topic: Rectal mucosa

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	eMedicine - Rectal Prolapse : Article by Lynn K Flowers
		In children, rectal prolapse is probably related to certain anatomical features such as the vertical orientation of the rectum, mobility of the sigmoid colon, relative weakness of the pelvic floor muscle, mucosa poorly fixed to submucosa, and redundant rectal mucosa.
		Rectal prolapse is usually only a symptom, and evaluation should focus on discovery of an underlying disorder.
		Rectal prolapse in children is usually a benign condition that needs evaluation for the underlying condition.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic496.htm (1087 words)

	Information on Rectal Prolapse - Medicine Online Medical Encyclopedia
		Rectal prolapse is similar to, but not the same as, rectocele, which is a common condition in women.
		This stage of rectal prolapse is called mucosal prolapse, or partial prolapse, meaning that only the inner lining of the rectum (rectal mucosa) protrudes from the anus.
		Rectal prolapse is caused by weakening of the ligaments and muscles that hold the rectum in place.
	www.medicineonline.com /encyclopedia/R/Rectal-Prolapse (1618 words)

	- Northwestern Memorial Hospital - Chicago
		Rectal prolapse is the abnormal movement of the rectal mucosa down to or through the anal opening.
		The rectal mucosa is visible and may bleed slightly.
		Rectal prolapse occurs predominantly in children under age 6, and in the elderly.
	www.nmh.org /nmh/adam/adamencyclopedia/HIEArticles/001132.htm (352 words)

	Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome-Mucosal Prolapse
		The anterior rectal mucosa is frequently forced into the anal canal and as a consequence becomes strangulated, causing congestion, edema, and ulceration.
		Rectal prolapse and solitary rectal ulcer syndrome are both benign conditions affecting the rectum, mainly in women; prolapse tends to occur late in life, while solitary rectal ulcer syndrome has a predilection for the younger adult.
		Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is essentially due to prolapse and traumatization of the rectal mucosa.
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com /diseases/solitary_rectal_ulcer_syndrome.htm (3483 words)

	Med-Lib - Medical Online Library - English Articles - Oxford Textbook of Surgery - Prolapse of the rectum
		Complete rectal prolapse is found chiefly in elderly female patients: 85 per cent of adults with full thickness rectal prolapse are women and the incidence is maximal in the fifth decade and upwards.
		Rectal prolapse in children is a self-limiting disease and usually responds to conservative measures.
		The mucosa is then dissected from the underlying muscle coat as a sleeve until the apex of the prolapse is reached, and the dissection is carried on down into the prolapse as far as possible (Fig.
	med-lib.ru /english/oxford/prol_rect.shtml (3909 words)

	Rectal Prolapse - New Treatments, May 2, 2007
		Rectal prolapse is likely an expression of aberrant physiological forces that cause the loss of natural anatomic relationships.
		In early stages, rectal prolapse may be difficult to diagnose; it may occur only when the patient is seated on the toilet and straining, and it may be difficult to reproduce these conditions during an examination in the prone jackknife or left lateral examining positions.
		The cause of recurrent rectal prolapse is not clear, but is presumed to be the same as the causative factors of the original prolapse.
	www.ccspublishing.com /journals5a/rectal_prolapse.htm (839 words)

	Rectal Prolapse
		Rectal prolapse is an eversion of several layers of the rectum through the anus caused by persistent straining because of urogenital or intestinal disease.
		In addition, with rectal prolapse, a lubricated probe cannot be passed between the rectal wall and the prolapsed mass.
		The mucosa should be gently manipulated and massaged in an attempt to remove edema from the prolapsed segment.
	maxshouse.com /rectal_prolapse.htm (461 words)

	Welcome to AJC! \| ajc.com
		Rectal prolapse, when protruding through the anus, appears as a red mass that may be several inches long.
		The rectal mucosa is visible and may bleed slightly.
		Rectal prolapse occurs predominantly in children under age 6, and in the elderly.
	www.ajc.com /health/healthfd/shared/health/adam/ency/article/001132.html (193 words)

	Rectal prolapse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rectal prolapse normally describes a medical condition wherein the walls of the rectum protrude through the anus and hence become visible outside the body.
		The slang term "pink sock" is used to refer to when the rectum is pulled out during anal sex due to a variety of factors including insufficient lubrication and a much larger than average diameter penis.
		The condition undergoes progression: beginning with prolapsation during bowel movements, through Valsalva movements (sneezing and so forth), then through daily activities such as walking until finally it may become chronic and cease to retract.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rectal_prolapse (351 words)

	Proctology Associates
		Rectal prolapse is a condition in which the rectum falls downwards and turns inside out.
		There are two types of rectal prolapse: 1) incomplete - involving only the rectal mucosa, and 2) complete - involving both the rectal mucosa and the rectal wall - this is also called a procidentia.
		Rectal prolapse is most often a chronic condition, and can usually be reduced with the patient recumbent with gentle manual pressure.
	www.proctologyassoc.com /anal_prolapse.html (825 words)

	Clinic for Colon and Rectal Surgery - Huntsville, Alabama
		The key to survival in surgery for colon and rectal cancer is the stage of the disease.
		Another way to treat rectal cancer that may reduce the complications of radiation therapy is to stage the cancers with rectal ultrasound.
		A diverticulum is a hernia or protrusion of mucosa and submucosa through a weak area in the wall of the colon.
	www.clinic-for-crs.com /colon-rectal-surgery.htm (6099 words)

	Rectal prolapse (Disease)... Fort Lauderdale, Florida
		Rectal prolapse is the abnormal movement of the rectal mucosa down to or through the anal opening.
		The rectal mucosa is visible and may bleed slightly.
		Rectal prolapse occurs predominantly in children under age 6, and in the elderly.
	www.browardhealth.org /18225.cfm (367 words)

	Chapter 10 - Section 2: First Principles of Gastroenterology
		Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology affecting the colonic mucosa from the rectum to the cecum.
		It is a chronic disease characterized by rectal bleeding and diarrhea, and given to remissions and exacerbations.
		The rectal and distal sigmoid mucosa is almost always involved in cases of ulcerative colitis, and a carefully performed sigmoidoscopy with either a rigid or flexible instrument can usually lead to the correct diagnosis.
	gastroresource.com /GITextbook/en/chapter10/10-2.htm (2462 words)

	Rectal Prolapse - Health Centers
		Rectal prolapse is when the tissue that lines the recturm falls down into or sticks through the anal opening.
		Rectal prolapse occurs most often in children under age 6 and in the elderly.
		The rectal mucosa must be returned to the rectum manually.
	www.wftv.com /encyclopedia/6861566/detail.html (540 words)

	Hemorrhoid.net - Rectal Prolapse and Procidentia
		Rectal prolapse is a condition in which the rectum falls downwards and turns inside out.
		There are two types of rectal prolapse: 1) incomplete - involving only the rectal mucosa, and 2) complete - involving both the rectal mucosa and the rectal wall - this is also called a procidentia.
		Rectal prolapse is most often a chronic condition, and can usually be reduced with the patient recumbent with gentle manual pressure.
	www.hemorrhoid.net /prolapse.php (813 words)

	Rectal Prolapse - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		Rectal prolapse is common in young animals in association with severe diarrhea and tenesmus.
		Rectal prolapse is probably the most common GI problem in pigs due to diarrhea or weakness of the rectal support tissue within the pelvis.
		In rectal prolapse, the instrument cannot be inserted due to the presence of a fornix.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/20609.htm (710 words)

	AllRefer Health - Rectal Prolapse
		Rectal prolapse is the abnormal movement of the rectal mucosa down to or through the anal opening.
		The rectal mucosa is visible and may bleed slightly.
		Rectal prolapse occurs predominantly in children under age 6, and in the elderly.
	health.allrefer.com /health/rectal-prolapse-info.html (413 words)

	Commonly Used Words and Definitions
		Carcinoid: A benign or malignant tumor arising especially from the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach or appendix) or in the small intestine or colon.
		Proctopexy: The suturing of the rectum to an adjacent structure (as in the sacrum).
		Rectal prolapse: Protrusion of the rectal mucous membrane through the anus in varying degrees.
	www.colonrectal.org /patientinfo/definitions/definitions.htm (5342 words)

	eMedicine - Rectal Prolapse : Article by Lisa S Poritz, MD
		Patients with rectal prolapse and constipation often have a redundant colon, and resection of it is thought to improve constipation and cure rectal prolapse.
		In an anterior resection for rectal prolapse, the rectum is mobilized to the level of the lateral ligaments, and the redundant colon (sigmoid) is resected.
		A circumferential incision is made through the mucosa of the prolapsed rectum near the dentate line; using electrocautery, the mucosa is stripped from the rectum to the apex of the prolapse and excised (see Image 3).
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3533.htm (4000 words)

	Acupuncture treatment of rectal prolapse in a mare: a clinical case
		She had moderate rectal and anal pain, especially when the tail was lifted.
		Some areas of the rectal mucosa were necrotic, had a very foul smell and an awful appearance.
		The rectal mucosa should be kept moist by application of antimicrobial dressings such as nitrofurazone, silver sulfadiazine, or tolnaftane cream.
	users.med.auth.gr /~karanik/english/articles/rect.html (825 words)

	2004 Gastrointestinal Pathology Specialty Conference Handout - Case 3
		Characteristic histologic findings include: hypertrophic, disorganized muscularis mucosae with bundles of smooth muscle and collagen extending into the superficial lamina propria around crypts; diffuse fibrosis of the lamina propria; distortion of crypt architecture; crypt and surface epithelium that is often hyperplastic or shows regenerative atypia; and erosions with or without adherent exudates.
		The mucosal prolapse that occurs during excessive straining with defecation is seen as an attempt to overcome an abnormality of the pelvic floor musculature during defecation, namely, inappropriate contraction of the puborectalis muscle and the external anal sphincter instead of relaxation.
		Repeated trauma of the prolapsing mucosa against the contracting puborectalis muscle and mucosal ischemia due to the high intrarectal pressures necessary for voiding act together to cause mucosal damage and eventual ulceration.
	www.uscap.org /site~/93rd/specgasth3.htm (1151 words)

	New findings suggest colorectal cancer origins are different than previously thought
		The hypothesis that was originally offered to explain the transition from normal mucosa to a benign epithelial neoplasm in which the tumor cells form glands or gland-like structures used a three stage process.
		A new study examines the protein synthetic rates as an indicator of potential tissue proliferation in grossly normal rectal mucosa derived from cancer-bearing subjects and compares this rate to the mucosa from subjects after tumor removal.
		This study is believed to be the first to demonstrate in situ that mucosa from subjects after tumor removal demonstrates a significantly lower rate of protein synthesis than does macroscopically normal colorectal mucosa in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-06/aps-nfs061703.php (1125 words)

	Rectal Cancer - Overview, Screening, Diagnosis & Staging - oncologychannel
		Cancer that originates in the colon or rectum may be called rectal cancer, colon cancer, or colorectal cancer.
		In general, rectal and rectosigmoid cancer (i.e., cancer that originates in the rectum and sigmoid colon) are more likely than other colon cancers to produce symptoms prior to diagnosis.
		Digital rectal examination (DRE) may be used as an initial screening examination; however, tumors located more than 7 centimeters from the anal verge may be missed during this examination.
	www.oncologychannel.com /rectalcancer (912 words)

	Rectal Prolapse
		Rectal prolapse is similar to, but not the same as, rectocele, which is a common condition in women.
		This stage of rectal prolapse is called mucosal prolapse, or partial prolapse, meaning that only the inner lining of the rectum (rectal mucosa) protrudes from the anus.
		Its effects on the rectum are similar to those of mucosal prolapse or complete rectal prolapse; however, in internal intussusception, the rectum neither protrudes from the body nor enters the anal canal.
	www.emedicinehealth.com /rectal_prolapse/article_em.htm (490 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Rectal prolapse
		Rectal prolapse is when the tissue that lines the rectum falls down into or sticks through the anal opening.
		Rectal prolapse occurs most often in children under age 6 and in the elderly.
		The rectal mucosa must be returned to the rectum manually.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001132.htm (365 words)

	JAMA -- Abstract: Rectal biopsy in patients with Crohn's disease. Normal mucosa on sigmoidoscopic examination, June 20, ...
		JAMA -- Abstract: Rectal biopsy in patients with Crohn's disease.
		characteristic of Crohn's disease in 30% of rectal biopsy specimens.
		Rectal biopsy specimens are of value to confirm the diagnosis in Crohn's
	jama.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/237/25/2742 (152 words)

	Higher Levels of HIV in Rectal Secretions Among MSM
		The observation that ART has an independent effect on HIV RNA in seminal plasma but not in rectal mucosal secretions, relative to blood plasma, may be due to differential levels of antiretroviral drugs or to anatomic and immunologic differences in the male genital tract versus rectal mucosa...
		Factors that influence rectal HIV shedding and infectiousness may differ from cofactors that affect seminal HIV levels, given the abundance of activated rectal lymphocytes and the absence, in the intestinal tract, of a immunologic equivalent to the blood-testes barrier.
		This effect of study location on rectal HIV RNA levels was not explained by the friability of rectal mucosa on examination, frequency of receptive anal intercourse, or condom or lubricant use with anal intercourse (data not shown).
	www.natap.org /2004/HIV/062804_11.htm (2464 words)

	Ira Shafran, M.D., P.A. -
		If the specific symptoms such as rectal or anal pain, burning and itching, have occurred as well as any history of bright red rectal bleeding, an anoscopic exam should be performed with a standard metal anoscope or even the clear disposable ones.
		In general, rectal mucosa is pale, pink in color, with a background of blood vessels, which are finely arborized with side branching of vessels.
		The sigmoid colon mucosa is generally a darker shade of pink with less prominent vascularity and the salient feature is the presence of muscular valve.
	www.shafran.net /flex.html (4792 words)

	Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research - Immunopathology of the duodenal mucosa of HIV-positive patients ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The intestinal mucosa has not been well studied in the early stages of the infection because it is difficult to submit asymptomatic individuals to invasive procedures.
		Characteristics of the cell populations in the duodenal mucosa.
		In the present study, the presence of HIV in the mucosa was evaluated on the basis of the positivity for p24 antigen.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2006000100013&lng=es/&nrm=iso&tlng=en (5368 words)

	CancerNetwork:
		The aphthous ulcer, typically a 2- to 5-mm, shallow white-based ulcer with a red “halo” of erythematous mucosa, is the earliest mucosal manifestation of Crohn’s disease.
		A solitary rectal ulcer is usually a shallow ulcer 6 to 10 cm from the anal margin with flat irregular edges.
		Straining may be a contributory factor with the involvement of the anterior or anterolateral wall indicating incomplete prolapse of the rectal mucosa.
	www.cancernetwork.com /journals/primary/p9906sup3h.htm (1126 words)

	Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Rectal Polyps:Familial Polyposis
		Exposure of the rectal mucosa to ileal contents appears to be a prerequisite for spontaneous regression because adenomatous polyps disappear only in the rectum and not in otherwise defunctionalized colon in familial polyposis.
		Other reasons for selection of patients with ileorectal anastomoses were that a rapid intestinal transit time provided more intensive exposure of rectal mucosa to the reducing agent, the entire remaining target mucosa was accessible to periodic direct surveillance, and a larger number of polyps permitted better quantitation of response.
		To the extent that the likelihood of developing rectal cancer is related to the presence and number of polyps in the retained rectum, the important issue from our studies is the possibility of reducing the risk of cancer.
	www.annieappleseedproject.org /efofasaconre.html (2420 words)

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