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Topic: Red Army Fraction

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	The Red Army Fraction (RAF) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The murder of the RAF prisoners in Stammheim, and the massive level of state repression associated with the German Autumn of 1977, had a great effect upon the revolutionary left in Germany.
		In March 1998, the Red Army Fraction (RAF) announced its dissolution.
		For 28 years, the RAF was an attempt to wage resistance to the murderous capitalist system and conditions of exploitation.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/61/index-had.html (203 words)

	[No title]
		In this communique, for the first time in a long while, the RAF takes itself to task; questioning and debating both its role in the fight against imperialism and the merits of its guerrilla actions as a means of attacking and overcoming imperialism, in order that a new political orientation may be found.
		The RAF emerged in 1970, out of the anti-Vietnam war student movement, and after a brief period of consolidating itself as an organization it began attacks in support of the Vietnamese people's liberation struggle, bombing targets associated with U.S. imperialism's and fascist West Germany's complicity in the Vietnam war.
		Their base of support fell away, and in the eyes of many the RAF had become essentially a 'free the guerrilla organization' - all of its actions seemed to be aimed only at liberating its prisoners and it appeared to be engaged primarily in a private war with the state.
	history.eserver.org /raf.txt (1281 words)

	A Brief History of the Red Army Fraction
		The RAF was not the first expression of armed action on the part of the New Left in West Germany in the 60s and 70s.
		The Red Army Fraction creates the connection between legal and illegal struggle, between national struggle and international struggle, between political struggle and armed struggle, between the strategical and tactical position of the international communist movement.
		When the RAF did act in an armed capacity again on April 24, 1975, it was to seize the German embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/61/191.html (4964 words)

	POL on the Red Ball Express (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Believing victory to be firmly within their grasp, the fast-moving armies had outrun their supply lines and were forced to live hand-to-mouth for several days.
		Red Ball proved beyond a doubt the versatility and convenience of transporting gasoline in small 5 gallon containers.
		However, at the very height of Red Ball activities forward movement of POL was threatened by a severe shortage of jerricans.
	www.qmfound.com /pol_on_the_red_ball_express.htm (2335 words)

	Antigone Agonistes: Urban Guerrilla or Guerrilla Urbanism? The Red Army Fraction, Germany in Autumn and Death Game
		The RAF demanded that the state not only took its citizens seriously, but that the state took itself seriously as the space of the polis (where everyone is answerable at once to himself and the community) rather than the space of the police (where everyone is answerable only to himself and to statistics).
		For instance, it is often argued that the RAF emerged from the Berlin communes movement, whose social protest potential and revolutionary energies came from partly historical, partly anarchist-inspired hopes to break up the patriarchal structures of the German bourgeois family (the so-called anti-authoritarian movement), informed by the broader currents of sexual liberation and feminism.
		In this respect, the RAF were both a 'family' (in Hegel's sense of 'enmity to the state') and the very opposite of a family (in the sense of the hippie communes, student communities or post-nuclear families).
	www.rouge.com.au /4/antigone.html (10759 words)

	The Red Army (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Perhaps the kindest description for the Red Army which met the German onslaught of June 1941 is shambolic.
		On paper, the Red Army was immensely powerful, possessing staggering reserves of weapons and men, and I believe the largest tank arm in the world.
		The army on paper and the army in the field were two entirely separate entities.
	www.bayonetstrength.150m.com /RedArmy/red_army.htm (1189 words)

	Chapter 20: World War II: The Defensive Phase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Army leaders envisaged the eventual mobilization of 215 divisions, 61 of them armored, and 239 combat air groups, requiring a grand total, with supporting forces, of 8.8 million men.
		And even Army leaders were unwilling to assign shipping for the movement until the scheduled build-up of garrisons in the Western Hemisphere and various other overseas stations had been completed, which, it was estimated, would not be until August at the earliest.
		The Eighth Army once again retreated across the Egyptian frontier, and on June HI Tobruk, which the British had expected, as in I94I, to hold out behind Axis lines, was captured with its garrison and large stores of trucks, gasoline, and other supplies.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/amh/AMH-20.htm (9251 words)

	Israel's racist rabbis say killing Palestinian innocents is kosher
		When David Ben-Gurion created the Israeli army (officially called the Israel Defence Forces) in the middle of the 1948 war, he was determined to eliminate all its political groupings.
		While serving in the army, the Yeshiva students are nominally under the army chain of command, but in practice they are also subject to their rabbis, whose position is reminiscent of the political commissars of the Red Army.
		In the first decades of the IDF [Israeli army], kibbutz members had a decisive influence on the army command, but nowadays the settlers and other religious-nationalist people are taking over.
	www.redress.btinternet.co.uk /uavnery100.htm (1314 words)

	The Vancouver 5: armed struggle in Canada
		In the mid to late 1970s and into the 1980s the Red Army Fraction in Germany and the Red Brigades in Italy were only the largest of various guerrilla groupings in Europe.
		Red Hot Video, an American chain, built up an inventory of video tapes that were pirated from hard-core porn films.
		Within a few weeks, scores of women’s groups of all stripes had issued statements of sympathy and understanding for the action, demonstrations had been held in a dozen centres across the province, and six porn shops had closed, moved away or withdrawn much of their stock out of fear they would be the next target.
	www.kersplebedeb.com /mystuff/books/vancouver5.html (4710 words)

	anarchists: You Can't Blow Up a Social Relationship: The Anarchist Case Against Terrorism
		The massive use of torture by France in Algeria, its use by Britain in Aden and Northern Ireland, police and army murders and conspiracies in Italy are a few examples of their readiness to apply ruthless methods in varying situations.
		But groups like the RAF and June 2nd also shuffled this idea with their third-worldism, especially as the third world stabilised into dictatorships and state capitalism and Western collapse appeared a receding prospect.
		The forces of repression (police, army) and the rulers themselves would not be excluded from such efforts.
	community.livejournal.com /anarchists/1816896.html (8349 words)

	Red Army Faction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Möller claims that it was actually an extrajudicial killing, orchestrated by the German government, in response to Red Army demands that the prisoners be released.
		Since the members of the RAF considered themselves a faction of an international, super-governmental leftist army (along with the Japanese Red Army, the PLO, and other groups), they are correctly described as a Fraktion in German.
		This name correctly refers to all incarnations of the organization: the "first generation" RAF, which consisted of Baader and his associates, the "second generation" RAF, which operated in the late 1970's after the group Socialist Patients' Collective was absorbed by it, and the "third generation" RAF, which existed in the 1980's and 90's.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Red_Army_Fraction (3056 words)

	The Sixties Go to War: From the radicalism of the '60s to the interventionism liberals' of the '90s [Free Republic]
		The Red Army Fraction remained strong during those many years because its leaders were clever and its militants fanatical, but also because it enjoyed the secret backing of the government of East Germany, meaning the Soviet bloc, for as long as there was a Soviet bloc, which gave the group a real institutional power.
		(The Red Army Fraction was tiny, but the Red Army was not.) Yet the organization clung to life mainly for another reason, which lay at the heart of the several scandals that flooded outward from the grainy photographs in Stern this year.
		Of the many crimes committed by the Red Army Fraction, the most famous of all was the cold-blooded execution of Hans-Martin Schleyer, the president of the West German employers' federation, who turned out to have been a top SS officer in Prague during the Nazi occupation.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3b8f27696c97.htm (19910 words)

	You Can't Blow up a Social Relationship : The Anarchist case against Terrorism. - Anarres Books Essays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The analysis of imperialism tells us that the struggle no longer starts primarily in the metropolis, it's no longer a matter of the working class, but that what's needed is a vanguard in the metropolis that declares its solidarity with the liberation movements of the Third World.
		The defeat in war necessarily followed the defeat of the revolution - Furthermore the popular army was reorganised into an ordinary military and the original egalitarianism was stamped out under typical militaristic discipline and hierarchy.
		RAF said the revolution wouldn't be built through political work, but through headlines, through appearances in the press, over and over again, reporting: 'Here are guerrillas fighting in Germany.' This over-estimation of the press, that's where it completely falls apart.
	flag.blackened.net /noterror/cantblowup.html (7729 words)

	The Terrorist International and Western Europe
		United Red Army (Rengo Sekigun or URA The URA was founded in 1969 as a splinter group of the Japanese Socialist Stu dent League.
		About 150 mem bers of the Red Brigades are now in jail in Italy, though some esti mate their strength at several hundred The ideology of the Red Brigades appears to be confused, and is said to have been influenced by Frantz Fanon, Che Guevara, and Mao Tse-tung, as well as by more orthodox Marxism-Leninism.
		In Italy the Red Brigades are be lieved by both Italian and West German police to be interconnected and German terrorists may have participated in the Mor0 kidnapping.
	www.heritage.org /Research/Europe/bg47.cfm (5405 words)

	Germany devours its children -- Excerpt
		In today's hindsight it is no wonder that the red thread from the revolution-novellas wove itself around the brains of youth and more or less entangled them.
		In short, to be «red» was taken to be a synonym for being idealistic, modern, educated, to have equal social rights, to be free and oriented toward the future.
		Who wasn't «red» was despised as «conservative-reactionary» and fought as a «capitalist pig» or being «women-hostile».
	fathersforlife.org /kj/children.htm (1819 words)

	[No title]
		The RAF prisoners were denied all forms of contact with the outside world.
		The mid-1970s saw the rise of a massive anti-nuclear movement in Germany, and on September 24, a massive demonstration against the construction of a fast-breeder reactor in Kalkar was to be held.
		But the German state's fight against the RAF has not ended, as the political prisoners continue to be subjected to a policy of isolation and destruction.
	www.blythe.org /nytransfer-subs/97rad/20_Years_Since_Stammheim (841 words)

	WWII Campaigns: China Defensive
		Not surprisingly, U.S. observers considered the Nationalist Army excessively defensive-minded, and were further dismayed by Chiang's insistence that several of his best units deploy to northwestern China to blockade the Chinese Communist forces in Yenan.
		The U.S. Army's main role in China was to keep China in the war through the provision of advice and materiel assistance.
		Since that army served primarily as a political tool of Chiang Kai-shek and as a foundation of the Nationalist regime, any action that modified its structure or risked its destruction was assiduously avoided by the Nationalist government.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/brochures/72-38/72-38.htm (6743 words)

	Left-wing extremism
		With assassination attempts on high-priority persons in state and economy the RAF wanted to force the abolition of the existing state - and social order and at the same time the release of their arrested comrades.
		The knowledge, with their concept for the time being failed to be, took the RAF in the April 1992 to the occasion, to expose until further notice murder deeds, to think about a Neubestimmung their politics " -.
		As the state appeared not to range in the prisoner question, to exercise she/it tried in the March 1993 with the impact on the new building of the justice penal institution Weiterstadt pressure.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/germany/bfv/docs/linksext.htm (1778 words)

	Oliver Kamm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		I'm perplexed that his immediate response in learning of the ideological affiliations of the RAF was not embarrassment and retraction, but a complaint at my lack of gentility in criticising him.
		At the inquest last week into the death of a British army bomb disposal expert, Chris Muir, in southern Iraq the coroner went well beyond his brief by calling on the Ministry of Defence to seek an alternative to cluster bombs.
		My description of the Red Army Fraction as a neo-Nazi terror gang was not a metaphor but the literal truth.
	oliverkamm.blogspot.com (10477 words)

	MIND Exchange
		The Tupamaros became the model for the Weather Underground in the U.S., the Red Army Fraction in Germany, the Red Brigades in Italy, and terrorist groups throughout Latin America, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe.
		The Red Terror launched by Lenin and sustained by Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, Ho Chi Minh, Pol Pot, and other Communist dictators had, by 1986, bathed our planet in the blood of more than 120 million victims, according to the research of Professor R. Rummel.
		Germany’s Red Army Fraction, Italy’s Red Brigades, the Japanese Red Army, the Palestine Liberation Organization, the Sandinista National Liberation Front, and dozens of other groups from every part of the Free World received training, arms, explosives, and other critical assistance from Russia, China, Cuba, and the Soviet bloc countries.
	www.kurzweilai.net /mindx/show_thread.php?rootID=10212 (2629 words)

	No Place to Hide - Transcript
		As a joint operation, the Black Liberation Army and the Weather Underground carry out a series of armored truck robberies in New York which yields hundreds of thousands of dollars for future operations, and results in the deaths of several policemen and security guards.
		The Red Brigades was formed by Renato Curcio and his wife, Margherita Cagol, who began their revolutionary careers as students at the University of Trent.
		In Italy, when one of the leaders of the Red Brigades was captured and scheduled for trial in 1976, the group demanded his release and, to punctuate that demand, shot down the Attorney General, along with his bodyguard and his driver.
	www.realityzone.com /noplacetohide1.html (7768 words)

	The Turbulent Life of Ulrike Meinhof: Bibliography & Links
		The most comprehensive book centered on the history and analysis of the Red Army Faction was written by Stephan Aust in 1985.
		It was never published but provides the critical reader with some insight into the role the RAF played for the international scene of sympathizers.
		Bettina Röhl, a freelance journalist (http://www.bettinaroehl.de) and daughter of Ulrike Meinhof is examining in how far the RAF terror would have been possible without the media.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~schen20m/classweb/ulrikemeinhof/Links1.htm (565 words)

	Dr. Frank's What's-it: New Boss, Old Boss
		They were provoked by a post from that Beatnik Salad guy from Manchester, who somehow managed to come away from the recent Channel 4 documentary on the subject with a favorable, romanticized view of the terrorists' "ideals," and an equivocal view of their actions.
		Strangely given their archaic nature, the RAF, the SLA, and their ilk continue to pop up, their distant words and deeds causing bizarre reverberations amongst their mercifully few, pathetic, misguided apologists and requiring remedial commentary by civilized critics in response.
		The Red Army Faction got a lot of sympathy if not actual support because it seemed like one day many more might need to go the violence route if the system refused to change.
	www.doktorfrank.com /archives/002671.html (2420 words)

	Fraction (politics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Parliamentary parties often use party discipline to control the votes of their members.
		MPs can also chose to leave their own party and set up their own fraction.
		Within some communist parties the term was used to refer to factions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fraction_(politics) (319 words)

	New Statesman: Fatal attraction; Che Guevara, Carlos the Jackal, Andreas "Baader: these are the face
		While the documentary footage has the quality of a good espionage thriller -- the funerals and the hijacking all being staged events -- the "fictional" material is piercing, and rather shows up the poverty of artistic response to the events of the last September.
		As a leftist, Fassbinder felt some sympathy for the RAF's critique of West German bourgeois hegemony, yet he is terrified that this ideological affinity could incriminate him -- whether in the media or in the courts.
		Cooped up in his flat, taking out his frustration on his lover (in life and in his writing, the director had much in common with Joe Orton) and interrogating his 1933-generation mother, Fassbinder's self-portrait is a suicide note of a film, unable to distinguish national from personal despair.
	www.topcasinolist.net /article/poker/5362.html (1173 words)

	MIM Notes
		This political party has it's own Army, the People's Liberation Army that is engaged for 13 years in a bloody low intensity war with the state Armed Forces.
		The prison bombing caused $60 million in damages and set the opening of the prison back four years.(1) The Darmstadt bombing was itself in response to the RAF's unmet demands in 1992 for the release of certain RAF prisoners, and the consolidation of the remainder.
		Steinmetz told the police that he would be meeting two RAF members, Birgit Hogefeld and Wolfgang Grams, on June 27 at the train station in Bad Kleinen.
	www.etext.org /Politics/MIM/mn/mn.php?issue=081 (12693 words)

	Overview
		Particularly striking was the strong increase of the dangerous actions in the railroad traffic in the border of the campaign against nuclear energy and radioactive waste transports.
		Them - " Red army fraction " - (RAF) has reported after more than zweieinhalb years in the fall with three explanations again to word.
		At the evening the 28.Juni shot a command unit the PIRA a barracks of the British Rhein army in Osnabruck with mortar shells.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/germany/bfv/docs/96/ueberblick.html (2344 words)

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