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Topic: Red Crossbill

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	Crossbill -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The crossbills are birds in the (Any of numerous small songbirds with short stout bills adapted for crushing seeds) finch family Fringillidae.
		Crossbills breed very early in the year, often in winter months, to take advantage of maximum cone supplies.
		Adult males tend to be red or orange in colour, and females green or yellow, but there is much variation.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cr/crossbill.htm (674 words)

	Red Crossbill
		Red Crossbills occur in the southern taiga from southern Alaska to Newfoundland south into parts of New England, the Adirondack region of New York, and in the montane conifer forests of the western United States.
		Red Crossbills are highly nomadic conifer seed specialists that may irrupt out of their home range when food is scarce.
		Red Crossbills eat a variety of foods, including insects and the buds and seeds of many shrubs and trees, but when resources are limited, each type of Red Crossbill favors a particular key conifer species.
	www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com /red_crossbill_info.htm (588 words)

	AllRefer.com - crossbill (Vertebrate Zoology) - Encyclopedia
		crossbill, bird of the genus Loxia, in the finch family.
		Crossbills are found in the evergreen forests of the Northern Hemisphere, as far south as NW Africa and Guatemala.
		Crossbills are not considered migratory, but they shift their breeding grounds erratically, probably in response to the availability of pine cones.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/crossbil.html (267 words)

	Wildlife Radio Spot Script - Forest Service, Alaska Region (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The red crossbill is distinguished from the white-winged crossbill by the lack of white wing bars.
		Red crossbills are so specialized they have a groove on the palate where the seed is held while being husked from the cone.
		For example, for the Western Hemlock Crossbill, the width of the palatal groove is adapted to the specific seed it removes from the cone of the hemlock tree.
	www.fs.fed.us /r10/ro/educators/radio_shows/red_crossbill.html (375 words)

	The Common Crossbill
		The Crossbill lives in flocks, composed apparently of several families, and is an extremely gentle and social bird.
		Crossbills appeared in large flocks, in the winter of 1832, in the pine woods near Fresh Pond, and with them two or three White-winged Crossbills.
		Quills and tail-feathers brownish-fl; the red colour is paler on the lower parts, and on the belly passes into whitish.
	www.audubon.org /bird/BoA/F15_G13a.html (1218 words)

	Finches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Crossbills are well known for the unusual way in which the tips of their bills are crossed.
		The male Red Crossbill is mostly dull red in colour.
		Crossbills usually forage on cones that are still attached to the tree.
	www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca /programs/songbirds/finch-redcrossbill.html (271 words)

	Crossbill - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The crossbills are birds in the finch family Fringillidae.
		The identification problem is least severe in North America, where only Red and White-winged occur, and (possibly) worst in the Scottish Highlands, where three 'species' breed, and Two-barred is also a possible vagrant.
		Genetic research on their DNA has so far failed to reveal any difference between any of the crossbills (including the morphologically distinct Two-barred), with variation between individuals greater than any difference between the taxa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crossbill (560 words)

	Red Crossbill
		Red Crossbill: This bird breeds from southern Alaska, Manitoba, Quebec, and Newfoundland, south in West to northern Nicaragua, in eastern United States to Wisconsin and North Carolina (mountains).
		Red Crossbill: Three or four pale blue-green eggs, lightly spotted with brown, are laid in a shallow saucer of bark strips, grass, and roots lined with moss and plant down, placed near the end of a conifer branch.
		Red Crossbill: Red Crossbills eat a variety of foods, including insects and the buds and seeds of many shrubs and trees, but when resources are limited, each type of Red Crossbill favors a particular key conifer species.
	identify.whatbird.com /obj/357/_/Red_Crossbill.aspx (668 words)

	Birds of Nova Scotia - Red Crossbill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		For an unknown number of years prior to 1920, the Red Crossbill was seasonably regular in the Annapolis Valley and presumably over the province generally, particularly during late May and early June, apparently attracted by the elm seeds which ripen at that time.
		By 1972 the Red Crossbill was common in small flocks provincewide and, during Christmas Bird Counts that year, 138 were counted at Broad Cove, Lunenburg County, 36 in Cape Breton Highlands National Park and 48 in the Dartmouth area.
		The Red Crossbill displays plain dark wings, but the wings of the White-winged Crossbill, as its name suggests, are conspicuously marked with double bars of white.
	museum.gov.ns.ca /mnh/nature/nsbirds/bns0404.htm (989 words)

	All About Birds
		A stocky finch of mature coniferous forests, the Red Crossbill is dependent on the seed cones that are its main food.
		A bird's biting muscles are stronger than the muscles used to open the bill, so the Red Crossbill places the tips of its slightly open bill under a cone scale and bites down.
		The Red Crossbill shows a great deal of variation in bill shape and voice, and it may in fact be composed of several different species.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Red_Crossbill.html (383 words)

	birds template (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The male red, or American, crossbill is colored brick red, with wings and tail of brown.
		In winter, red crossbills migrate in small flocks to the Gulf of Mexico, and west as far as Idaho and Arizona.
		The white-winged crossbill is similar in habits to the red crossbill.
	www.worldbook.com /features/birds/html/types_song_finch_types.html (1920 words)

	Utah Division of Wildlife Resources
		The red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra, is readily identified by its distinctive bill that crosses at the tip.
		The red crossbill's diet consists almost exclusively of conifer seeds, which they extract by prying apart the scales of pine cones with their unique bills.
		A red crossbill is capable of temporarily storing a great many seeds in a special pocket in its throat to prepare for nest sitting or to feed its mate and nestlings.
	dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov /rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=loxicurv (268 words)

	Red Crossbill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Because of the enigmatic nature of Red Crossbill in Georgia, there are few photographs of the species from the state.
		Prior to their discovery, most crossbill sightings had been from the Cohuttas in the mountains of central north Georgia or from Rabun, Fannin and Union Counties in the mountains of northeast Georgia.
		The nest was in a loblolly pine, and the habitat was typical mature loblolly pine ecosystem.
	www.gos.org /sightings/recr1.html (693 words)

	Red Crossbill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Cool fact: Red Crossbills are highly nomadic conifer seed specialists that may irrupt out of their home range when food is scarce.
		Like the similar White-winged Crossbill (L. leucoptera), Red Crossbills breed when food is abundant, and they can breed in almost any month of the year when they find a mature crop of the appropriate species of conifer.
		Red Crossbills are stocky, large-headed, medium-sized finches with thick conical bills.
	birds.cornell.edu /bow/REDCRO (849 words)

	BISON Species Account 040230 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) occurs in the Apache-Sitgreaves, Coconino, Coronado, Kaibab, Prescott, and Tonto National Forests of Arizona (Patton, 1994)66.
		Red crossbills are residents in mountainous areas almost statewide and are considered rare to common.
		UTAH Red Crossbill, Loxia curvirostra benti, L.c.bendirei, L.c.sitkensis, L.c.stricklandi (and L.c.grinelli), occurs in Utah (UTDNR, 1990) 77.
	www.fw.vt.edu /fishex/nmex_main/species/040230.htm (2384 words)

	Red Crossbill Habitat Model
		Red crossbills occur year around from Newfoundland west to Alaska, and south to northern New England; they also occur in the southern Appalachians, Sierra Nevada of California, and the Rockies, south through Central America, and Europe, Asia, and northern Africa (DeGraaf and Rudis 1986, Adkisson 1996).
		Model testing: The red crossbill occurrences along Breeding Bird Survey routes within the study area were used to test the habitat map.
		We compared the presence of habitat near a random set of 597 upland points to that for Breeding Bird Survey stops at which red crossbills were observed in 1990 or 1997 through 2000.
	www.fws.gov /r5gomp/gom/habitatstudy/metadata2/red_crossbill_model.htm (610 words)

	Red Crossbill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It is heartening to see the crossbills feeding on the cones of Virginia Pine because the mature loblolly pines are being aggressively harvested from the property.
		It would be easy to pass up feeding crossbills unless you should see the movement in the branches or see the pine mast falling as they feed on the pine seeds.
		According to crossbill experts, the birds use their tongues to get the seed into their mouths, but this phenomenon is somewhat difficult to observe.
	www.gos.org /sightings/recr.html (890 words)

	Crater Lake National Park: Nature Notes (1951)
		Unquestionably the most spectacular ornithological phenomenon of the summer of 1951 was the prodigious numbers of red crossbills, Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus.
		Crossbills were relatively abundant during the summer of 1950, but the numbers observed then were greatly eclipsed by the numbers recorded this season.
		According to Aldrich (1938, 1940) red crossbills were abundant during the summer of 1938 when there were good crops of cones on the white-bark pines and mountain hemlocks; they were less abundant again in 1939 and quite uncommon during 1940.
	www.nps.gov /crla/notes/vol17f.htm (429 words)

	Ecology: Reproductive seasonality in an opportunistic breeder, the red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra.@ HighBeam Research
		Reproductive seasonality in an opportunistic breeder, the red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra.
		Ecology; 10/1/1998; Hahn, Thomas P. Crossbills (genus Loxia) are thought to breed opportunistically whenever food is abundant.
		I describe patterns of changing reproductive physiology in free-living Red Crossbills (Loxia curvirostra) as functions of season and conifer phenology.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:21231382&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (187 words)

	The BirdWeb - Species Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Red Crossbills typically inhabit mature conifer forests, and the different types tend to specialize on preferred trees, including western hemlock, Ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, Sitka, and Engleman spruce.
		Because Red Crossbills are nomadic in nature, the number of birds in any one place varies greatly from year to year, and it is hard to determine population status.
		Crossbills depend on mature trees for food, and logging practices that do not allow trees to reach cone-bearing age can be detrimental to the population.
	www.birdweb.org /birdweb/species.asp?id=457 (919 words)

	Crossbills Main Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Crossbills are seed-eating finches of mountains and conifer forests, known for their unique lifestyle.
		A number of distinctive kinds of crossbills are currently lumped as one species, the "red crossbill", under the scientific name Loxia curvirostra.
		A major problem is that the different species of red crossbill are difficult to distinguish from each other.
	research.amnh.org /ornithology/crossbills (242 words)

	CROSSBILL CROSSES
		Nominate race occurs over much of Europe inc The Scottish crossbill (Loxia scotica) which is so similar to the common and parrot crossbill (Loxia pytyopsittacus) All three species are identical in plumage, and the Scottish crossbill is intermediate in physical size between the smaller common crossbill and the larger parrot crossbill.
		Crimean race mariae is brighter red in male and paler and greyer in female than nominate other types of crossbill are White-winged crossbill Loxia leucoptera and the red crossbill.
		The Red Crossbill is similar to the White-winged Crossbill but lacks wing bars and has a larger bill.
	www.geocities.com /mules_hybrids/crossbill_crosses.htm (665 words)

	Crossbill, Birds, Crossbill, Bird Pictures, Catalog, Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Date : 10/25/2005 Time : 5:15:28 AM Crossbills are any of three species of small (15 cm/6 in) birds of the finch family, Fringillidae, genus Loxia.
		The adult male red crossbill, L. curvirostra, is brick red with fl wings and tail.
		The white-winged crossbill, L. leucoptera, is paler red with white bars on its wings.
	www.4to40.com /4to40.com_non_ssl/earth/geography/htm/birdsindex.asp?counter=31 (97 words)

	Critter corner: Crossbills adapted to feed on pine cones - billingsgazette.com
		Even though red crossbills are conifer seed specialists, they can eat a variety of foods, including insects and the buds and seeds of many shrubs and trees.
		It is thought that each of the eight types has a bill that is specially adapted to opening the cones of their own key tree species and that differences in call type maintain reproductive isolation.
		Because of its dependence on pine seeds, the red crossbill is an erratic and nomadic species appearing in large numbers, then not appearing for several years.
	www.billingsgazette.com /index.php?id=2&display=rednews/2004/01/15/build/outdoors/45-crossbills.inc (610 words)

	First county records of red crossbill in the pineywoods region of eastern Texas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) is reported from western Texas as a scarce and sporadic breeder in the Guadalupe Mountains, and a probable rare or irregular nester in the Davis Mountains.
		Red crossbills invaded much of Texas during the 1972-1973 winter.
		Several northern, seed-eating bird species, including the red crossbill, are well known for their irregular, irruptive movements.
	www.srs.fs.usda.gov /pubs/viewpub.jsp?index=757 (298 words)

	crossbill on Encyclopedia.com
		Red crossbill uses its bill to pry conifer seeds from shells.(Originated from Knight-Ridder Newspapers)
		Exceptional response by female Red Crossbills to dietary carotenoid supplementation.
		Red squirrel alert; Dunes plan would cost vital habitat.(News)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c1/crossbil.asp (415 words)

	Red Crossbill Winter 1997-1998 Survey
		The primary wild food of Red Crossbills is conifer cones.
		The winter finch survey is showing that this crossbill is most often found in areas of moderate to heavy cone crops.
		The last major invasion of Red Crossbills into the mid-Atlantic States was 25 years ago in 1972.
	www.birdsource.org /winfin/Redcro/recrsurv.htm (207 words)

	Red Crossbill -- Food Specialist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Red Crossbill goes through life with its upper beak twisted in one direction and the lower beak in the other.
		Movements that take crossbills out of their usual range are called irruptions.
		When the pine cone crop fails in the far north, for example, crossbills may irrupt into southern states to feed and nest, then move to another area when the food again becomes limited.
	www.paulnoll.com /Oregon/Birds/food-Crossbill.html (133 words)

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