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Topic: Red imported fire ant

	Lockley: Imported Fire Ants
		One of the identifying characteristics of a fire ant colony is the earthen nest or mound.
		Imported fire ants are attracted by electrical currents and have caused considerable damage to heat pumps, air conditioners, telephone junction boxes, transformers, traffic lights, gasoline pumps, et cetera.
		Solenopsis (Labauchena) dagerrei is a parasitic ant that attaches to the fire ant queen and redirects fire ant workers to tend the brood of the parasite to the detriment of the colony's own larvae.
	ipmworld.umn.edu /chapters/lockley.htm (3221 words)

	Fire Ants - Factoids: Biology and Identification
		This fire ant species is rarely found in mature forests and other areas with heavy shade, unless part of the area has been disturbed or opened by fire or storms.
		Red imported fire ants quickly spread through a suitable habitat, and the species is now found throughout most of the southeastern United States and west into Texas and California (over 300,000,000 acres in the U.S.A.).
		The Southern Fire Ant, Solenopsis xyloni, (McCook) is a native species that occurs from North Carolina south to northern Florida, along the Gulf Coast and west to California.
	www.safe2use.com /pests/fireants/factoids.htm (1162 words)

	Fire Ants - Fire Ant Remedy - Red Ants - Fire Ant Killer
		The Imported Fire ants are very aggressive, their sting can cause reactions anywhere from an irritation and nausea to even more severe reactions in humans.
		Red fire ants have been known to repeatedly attack animals that may intrude on their nests.
		The red imported fire ant is particularly aggressive.
	www.doyourownpestcontrol.com /fire.htm (922 words)

	Texas Imported Fire Ant Research and Management Project
		The impact of red imported fire ants in the state of Texas is estimated to be $1.2 billion annually.
		Red imported fire ants are pests of urban, agricultural and wildlife areas and can pose a serious health threat to plants and animals.
		The goal of the Texas Imported Fire Ant Research and Management Project is to find effective methods to eliminate this invasive species as a major economic and medical pest.
	fireant.tamu.edu (270 words)

	Invaders - Red Fire Ant
		When a fire ant mound is disturbed, workers boil to the surface, run up any legs, arms, etc. in the vicinity, grab the victim's skin in their mandibles and sting synchronously in response to the slightest movement.
		RIFA predates upon solitary bees that are pollinators of certain plants (Vinson 1997) and move and feed on large quantities of seeds.
		RIFA venom has a high concentration of toxins that cause an intense burning and itching that lasts for an hour and is followed by a blister that becomes a white pustule.
	www.desertmuseum.org /invaders/invaders_fireant.htm (1352 words)

	Red imported fire ant
		Fire ants are omnivorous, but their primary diet consists of insects and other invertebrates.
		Fire ants can be collected and stored in alcohol by placing an alcohol filled vial in the top of a mound and allowing ants to run up the sides of the vial and into the alcohol.
		Fire ants are considered to be medically important pests of people, pets, livestock and wildlife; they can also be damage crops such as corn, sorghum, okra, potatoes, sunflowers and others by feeding on seeds, seedlings and developing fruit.
	insects.tamu.edu /fieldguide/cimg362.html (401 words)

	Red Imported Fire Ant: Solenopsis invicta Buren (Site not responding. Last check: )
		RIFA have the propensity to move and feed on seeds, resulting in altered ratios and distribution of seeds.
		Red imported fire ant adults are 3-6 mm in length.
		Fire ant mounds can be up to 60 cm high and 60 cm in diameter at the base of the mound.
	tncweeds.ucdavis.edu /moredocs/solinv01.html (3505 words)

	Red Imported Fire Ant (RIFA)
		Identification of fire ants to species is difficult and usually requires evaluating the morphology (size and shape of the body parts) of 40 to 50 worker ants.
		Fire ants pose a threat to young or debilitated livestock that may not be able to escape attacks by ant workers.
		Fire ant mounds in a field may interfere with foraging livestock and the voids that form beneath abandoned mounds may collapse beneath the weight of an animal leading to injury.
	www.ext.vt.edu /pubs/entomology/444-284/444-284.html (2898 words)

	red imported fire ant - Solenopsis invicta
		The fl imported fire ant is confined to northeastern Mississippi and northwestern Alabama.
		Additionally, fewer reproductive alates of fire ants are produced with the males often being sterile and the females weighing less (Hedges 1998, Vinson and Sorenson 1986).
		Red imported fire ants have been reported to reduce ground-nesting populations of rodents and birds.
	creatures.ifas.ufl.edu /urban/ants/red_imported_fire_ant.htm (2694 words)

	Sustainable Fire Ant Management (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In a Texas study, imported fire ant spread was observed as a continuous moving carpet of fire ants spreading slowly across the landscape.
		Fire ant populations are reduced through a combination of aerially applied baits plus biological controls of phorid flies and Thelohania solenopsae, a disease-causing protozoan released around the perimeter of the treated area.
		Charles Barr, fire ant specialist with the Texas Cooperative Extension, states that spinosad is considered organic because it is produced from a bacterial fermentation process that produces a toxin, which is then extracted and put into a bait.
	www.attra.org /attra-pub/fireant.html (3599 words)

	Chemical Ecology In The Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
		Ants use semiochemicals as response and primer mediators that are critical in the maintenance or establishment of social structure.
		Ant pheromone trails consist of a series of smears made by periodic extension, contact and withdrawal of the sting with the ground substrate (Wilson 1962a).
		Vander Meer, R.K. Semiochemicals and the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_1998/weeks.htm (3732 words)

	Red Imported Fire Ant
		The spread of the RIFA is likely to be limited by dry conditions to the west and by cold temperatures to the north.
		As usual with insect stings, certain persons are hypersensitive to fire ant venom and may suffer chest pains or nausea or lapse into a coma from one sting.
		The presence of fire ants in crops or gardens may prevent hand picking of fruits and vegetables because of the threat of stings.
	www.ento.okstate.edu /ddd/insects/rifa.htm (1401 words)

	Control of the Red Imported Fire Ant
		Fire ants have a much greater impact on the ornamental plant, sod, and landscaping industries because of problems associated with shipping infested plant material into uninfested areas of the country (see the section entitled "Treatment and Quarantine Assistance").
		Adult red imported fire ants are reddish to dark brown and occur in five forms: (1) minor workers, about 1/8 inch long; (2) major workers, about 1/4 inch long; (3) winged males and (4) females, each about 1/3 inch long; and (5) queens, about 1/3 inch long.
		Because fire ants cannot be eradicated over wide areas, the goals of insecticide treatment are to eliminate fire ants in areas where the risk to people is high and to reduce infestations to acceptable levels.
	www.turffiles.ncsu.edu /pubs/insects/ag486.html (2078 words)

	Red Imported Fire Ant
		Impacts of this ant are primarily associated with its aggressive stinging of humans and animals that disturb it.
		Fire ants are known to invade buildings including nursing homes, schools, and other sites where people are at high risk for stings.
		Pesticide contamination -overuse and misuse of fire ant mound treatments are blamed for contamination of surface runoff water in Texas and California.
	hbs.bishopmuseum.org /ants/Solenopsis/Solinv.html (1303 words)

	ODA Plant Division Imported Fire Ant
		Imported Fire Ants or IFA have been an agricultural and health problem in the U.S. for almost 80 years.
		Fire ants have now spread to eleven California counties spanning the southern part of the state northward to Sacramento County.
		RIFA is the species most likely to be introduced to Oregon, since it has the largest distribution in the U.S. and is the species infesting California.
	egov.oregon.gov /ODA/PLANT/ippm_rifa.shtml (1561 words)

	Imported Fire Ant - FAQ
		In any case, the disappearance of horny toads in RIFA areas is probably due partly to the direct killing of the young lizard by foraging fire ants and partly to the fact that horny toad food, such as Texas harvester ants, have been decimated by the RIFA.
		Imported fire ants are often the worst where native ants have been disrupted by soil disturbances that accompany home and road construction, or exterminated by broad spectrum pesticides.
		Imported fire ants are now permanent residents in the U.S. Eradication is possible from pesticides only temporarily and only at a local scale, but not at a regional level.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~gilbert/research/fireants/faqans.html (6765 words)

	Fire Ant Information. Got Fire Ants?
		Fire ants are known for their lively and aggressive behavior, swarming over anyone or anything that disturbs their nest, often attacking wild animals, baby animals, pets or people, in some instances, even killing them.
		The red fire ant was accidentally introduced into the United States in 1929, when a cargo ship that had used soil as ballast arrived in Mobile, Alabama from South America.
		Although fireants keep marching farther and farther, northerners don't have to loose sleep over it because researches predict that they will not be able to survive in areas where soil temperatures drop to near freezing for more than 2 to 3 weeks.
	www.fireant.net (1712 words)

	Red Imported Fire Ant
		Red imported fire ants (RIFA) can harm people and native wildlife, cause damage to buildings and electrical equipment, as well as interfere with harvesting and maintenance of pastures and crops.
		RIFA were officially detected in Los Angeles and Orange Counties in November of 1998.
		Fire ants are aggressive and will defensively attack anything that disturbs them.
	www.lawestvector.org /red_imported_fire_ant.htm (640 words)

	Fire Ants - Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fire ants inflict a fiery sting, which causes a small blister or pustule to form at the site of each sting after several hours.
		Try to identify if it is a fire ant nest, which may appear as a closed, dome-shaped mound (that is, no opening) up to 40 cm high.
		However, in some soil types, fire ants may not form obvious mounds, particularly in the early months of nest development, or if there is other debris where they can build a nest beneath.
	www.dpi.qld.gov.au /fireants (695 words)

	Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)
		Red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, foraging and recruiting to cricket.
		Red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, stinging and biting.
		Polygyne colony of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /IN352 (3348 words)

	Red Imported Fire Ant
		RIFA is dark red in color, and 1/8" to 1/4" in length.
		Worker fire ants vary in size with the largest called majors, the medium-sized called medias and the smallest, which make up the majority of the workers, called minors.
		These ants may also attack pets, livestock, and wildlife, sometimes blinding or killing young animals and birds that are unable to escape.
	acwm.co.la.ca.us /scripts/RIFA.htm (358 words)

	LSU AgCenter . Red Imported Fire Ant Research
		The red imported fire ant, a Louisiana resident since the early 1950s, can be a painful pest or a beneficial friend.
		LSU AgCenter scientists are studying whether an influx of fire ants may have caused a decline in northern bobwhite quail numbers in Louisiana and other southern states.
		Fire ants can be a serious problem after hurricanes – particularly in flooded areas, according to experts with the LSU AgCenter.
	www.lsuagcenter.com /en/environment/insects/ants/fire_ants (493 words)

	Organic Fire Ant Control Methods
		The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), can be a potent pest in your home and garden.
		The idea is that the ants will carry the bait back to the nest and when the queen ant consumes the bait, she will either become infertile or die.
		The Two Step is most effective if your yard has a large number of red ant nests, so check your yard for a full blown red ant infestation, and make sure that there aren’t colonies of native ant species this treatment may affect.
	www.cleanairgardening.com /fireants.html (848 words)

	Western Exterminators - Pest Control Services California, Arizona, Nevada
		Fire ants prefer food with a high protein content but will feed on almost anything, plant or animal.
		Red Imported Fire Ants are particularly destructive to vegetation.
		These ants become agitated when nests are disturbed and can quickly climb onto an object or person causing the disturbance and begin stinging.
	www.west-ext.com /pest-description.php?cat=Ants&id=41 (370 words)

	Red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta): HEAR info
		RIFA are often identified by their nest mounds, where brood is reared.
		The red imported fire ant is an extremely destructive, highly invasive, and notoriously aggressive stinging ant that is impossible to eradicate once established.
		Although Hawaii already has three species of "fire ants" (two true fire ants, Solenopsis geminata and Solenopsis papuana; and Wasmannia auropunctata, referred to as the "little fire ant"), the RIFA is by far a much more aggressive, dangerous and destructive invader.
	www.hear.org /AlienSpeciesInHawaii/species/solenopsis_invicta (890 words)

	Solenopsis invicta (Formicidae) - HEAR species info
		RIFA is native to South America, and has caused severe problems in the southeastern United States and other areas outside its native range where it has been introduced.
		The history and impact of the red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) in the United States is provided here, along with case history of a Texas town's response to the invasion.
		The virus infects all fire ant castes and stages of development, and Valles was able to successfully transmit the viral infection to uninfected fire ant nests.
	www.hear.org /species/solenopsis_invicta (1965 words)

	NCDA & CS Plant Industry Division-Red Imported Fire Ant
		The red imported fire ant (RIFA) is a nuisance and health concern to humans, livestock, and wildlife due to its painful sting.
		The red imported fire ant was first detected in the United States in Alabama in 1918.
		Portions or entire areas of 57 of North Carolina's 100 counties are considered generally infested with red imported fire ants.
	www.ncagr.com /plantind/plant/entomol/IFA.htm (335 words)

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